Kudikira Zizindikiro Zingathe Kuonjezera Kuopsa kwa HIV, Kutumiza
Mosakayikira, kudziwa zizindikiro za HIV n'kofunika, kulola munthu kuti apeze mayeso ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake pothana ndi kufalitsa kachilombo kwa ena.
Koma pali conundrum. Popeza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu, ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana (kapena kusowa kwathunthu), kodi munthu angakhale otsimikiza kuti "amawona zizindikiro" za HIV panthawi yomwe amapewa matenda kapena kutuluka ?
Potsirizira pake, zizindikiro za HIV sizikwanira kuti muteteze nokha kapena ena ngati kulepheretsa yankho labwino komanso labwino. Kuchita zimenezi kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino zizindikiro za HIV ndi zolephera za zomwe angatiuze.
Zoona # 1: Anthu 60% Sadzakhala Ndi Zizindikiro Zonse Pa Nthawi Zakale za HIV
Pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka, 40% a anthu amakhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine, zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti matenda oopsa a retroviral (ARS) . Zina mwa zochitika za ARS ndi zotupa zam'mimba (nthawi zambiri kuzungulira khosi, ziphuphu, ndi kubuula) ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zothamanga (ie, dera lofiira, lokhala ndi phokoso lazing'ono).
Kuzindikiritsa zizindikiro izi kungapangitse munthu kuti ayesetse kuyesera ndi kuchiritsidwa, ndipo izi ndi zabwino. Koma kaŵirikaŵiri, ndizo zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana-kaya kumene makondomu sankagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena wogonana naye anali wosadziwika-omwe amachititsa chidwi.
Apa ndi pamene kuyembekezera zizindikiro kungakhale kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro kuti zizindikiro ziwoneke, kawirikawiri mkati mwa 7-14 mutatha kutulukira, munthu adzalandira mpata wotenga post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) , maphunziro a masiku 28 omwe angathetsere matenda ngati mankhwala ayamba, mwachidziwitso, mkati mwa maola 24-36 owonetsa.
Zoona # 2: Zizindikiro za HIV, Ngati Apo, Kawirikawiri Zomwe Sizodziwika Ngati Zosowa ndi Odwala ndi Madokotala Ali Omwe
Pakalipano, ku US, pali anthu pafupifupi 1.2 miliyoni omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, 20-25% mwa iwo omwe sawerengedwa. Ambiri mwa omwe sanawadziwitse ndi omwe amadziwa bwino momwe alili, pamene ena angaganize kuti ali ndi kachilombo koma sachitapo kanthu, mwina chifukwa cha mantha, kusankhana kapena kukanidwa, kapena kusaganizira za chithandizocho.
Nthawi zambiri kukana kwawo kumabweretsa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zomwe siziri zenizeni kuti zitha kuwonetsedwanso ngati chinthu china. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani zina mwa zizindikiro za ARS:
- Fever
- Kutopa
- Mutu
- Chikhure
- Kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kuphatikiza
Kenaka ganizirani momwe angayankhire pamene zizindikiro zidzatha, monga momwe zidzakhalira. Kutsimikiza kwa zizindikiro pa nthawi yomwe amatchedwa malo ovuta nthawi zambiri kumakhala kolakwika ngati chitsimikizo chakuti kachilombo ka HIV sikanachitike, kuti munthuyo asapitirize kusamalidwa zaka zambiri panthawi ndipo angathe kupha ena. Ndi kulakwitsa komanso kwakukulu kwambiri.
Zoona # 3: Kuwonekera kwa Zizindikiro Kawirikawiri Kutenga Zaka, Nthawi Yomwe Kuwonongeka Komwe Thupi Lingawonongeke Kudzachitika
Matenda osadziwika (OIs) ndi omwe amadzipereka okha pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha kwambiri kuti alole matenda, nthawi zambiri kuti asawonongeke kwa anthu wathanzi, kuti awonekere mwadzidzidzi.
Pa nthawi yomwe imatchedwa kuti nthawi yayitali ya matenda, kachilombo ka HIV kamapewera pang'onopang'ono ndikupha maselo a CD4 + otetezeka, zizindikiro zimakhala zochepa ngakhale pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimaonedwa kuti n'chochepa. Zingawoneke ngati matenda a khungu, osasamalidwa mosavuta, kapena kutopa kwathunthu komwe angagwiritse ntchito kuzinthu (monga ntchito, banja, zaka).
Koma ngati kachilombo ka HIV kamaloledwa kupita kosachitidwa, ndi chiwerengero cha CD4 chikuwonjezeka kufika pansi pa 200, mwayi wa chochitika chachikulu kwambiri ndi waukulu. Ndipo ngakhale kuti chochitika choterocho chitha kuchiritsidwa, mtengo wa chitetezo chanu cha chitetezo cha m'thupi chingathe kukhala chokwanira.
Pali zotsatira zambiri zomwe zimadziwika panthawi yomaliza mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, makamaka odwala okhala ndi CD4 pansi pa 200. Pakati pawo:
- Kulimbana kwambiri ndi kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha mthupi kumayendedwe abwino ndi odwala omwe ali ndi ma CD4 apamwamba
- Mitundu yapamwamba ya zotsatira zochiza chithandizo ndi kusalana kwa mankhwala
- Kuopsa kwakukulu kosiyana ndi kachilombo ka HIV (monga matenda a mtima, khansa , matenda a ubongo, etc.) chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zotsekula zakuthupi zosagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a HIV nthawi yayitali
- Kutayika m'zaka za moyo (poyerekezera ndi moyo wautali womwe amayembekezeredwa kwa iwo amene ayamba mankhwala oyambirira)
Kodi Izi Zikutiuza Chiyani?
Uthengawu ndi woonekeratu: Zizindikiro zokha sizidzatha kupeza kachirombo ka HIV. Ayi. Kuyezetsa HIV kokha ndiko. Nazi malamulo angapo amene mungatsatire kuti mutsimikizire kuti mukupanga kusankha bwino, kaya zizindikiro zilipo kapena ayi:
- Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mwapezeka ndi HIV, musayembekezere kuti muwone ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zina. Pitani mwamsanga kuchipatala chanu chakumidzi kapena chipinda chodzidzimutsa ndipo muyambe maphunziro a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), omwe amapanga mapulani ambiri a inshuwalansi.
- Simumadikirira mpaka chinachake chitapezeka kuti mukayezetse HIV. Pakalipano akulimbikitsidwa kuti onse a ku America a zaka zapakati pa 15-65 ayesedwe kachilombo ka HIV ngati gawo lachizoloŵezi cha madokotala nthawi zonse. Ena, kuphatikizapo anyamata omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) , ayenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse. Kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kumapezeka, komanso malonda akupezeka, pamayesero a kunyumba.
- Musataye moyo zaka zosafunikira pamene mankhwala amakono angakuchititseni kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, wathanzi. Mosakayika, ubwino wa mankhwala oyambirira umaposa zoopsa zilizonse, ndi mankhwala omwe akukhalapo atsopano omwe amachititsa kuchepetsa mankhwala a mapiritsi ndi zotsatira zochepa.
- Ngati mulibe kachilombo ka HIV koma muli pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV (chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito kondomu, ogonana ambirimbiri, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, HIV), fufuzani HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kuti muchepetse kutenga kachirombo ka HIV .
Zotsatira:
Cohen, M .; Gay, C .; Kuthamanga, P .; ndi Hecht, F. "Kuzindikira kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV." Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (Supplement2): S270-S277.
Smith, D .; Grohskopf, L .; Black, R., et al. "Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis Pambuyo pa Kugonana, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo, kapena Zina Zopanda Kusokonezeka Kwa HIV ku United States." Kuchiza ndi Kufa Sabata Sabata. January 21, 2005; 55 (RR02): 1-20.
Zachigawo za US za Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "CDC Fact Sheet | HIV ku United States: Maphunziro a Care." Atlanta, Georgia; inasindikizidwa mwezi wa July 2012.
Hasse, B ,; Ledergerber, B ;; Egger, M., ndi al. "Kukalamba ndi (Osagwirizana ndi kachilombo ka HIV) Kusokoneza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV: Phunziro la Swiss Cohort (SHCS)." Msonkhano wa 18 pa ma retroviruses ndi matenda opatsirana (CROI). Boston, Massachusetts; February 27-March 2, 2011; 792.
Moyer, V. "Kuwonetsa HIV: US Statement Prevention Services Task Force Recommendation." April 30, 2013. Annals wa Internal Medicine. April 30, 2013; lembani: 10.7326 / 0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00645.