Kumvetsetsa HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mwakhala mukupezeka mwachangu ku HIV, kaya kudzera pogonana kapena ntchito zina zoopsa, pali mankhwala omwe angathe kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a post-exposure prophylaxis (kapena PEP).
Zitsanzo za kuikapo pangozi kwambiri ndi izi:
- kugonana kosakondwera ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV kapena mumakhulupirira kuti ali ndi HIV
- kondomu imene yathamanga kapena yopasuka
- Kugawana singano kuti ayambe kumwa mankhwala a mtundu uliwonse, kuphatikizapo steroids
- Kubedwa kapena kugwiriridwa
Post-exposure prophylaxis ili ndi maphunziro a masiku 28 a antiretroviral mankhwala , omwe ayenera kutengedwa mwangwiro ndi osasokonezeka. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda, PEP iyenera kuyambitsidwa mwamsanga - mwangwiro mkati mwa maola oposa 36 .
Zina mwazinthu zikusonyeza kuti PEP ikhoza kuperekedwa kwa maola 72, koma nkofunika kumvetsetsa kuti mwayi woteteza matenda ndi wabwino mwamsanga mutangoyamba chithandizo - musanatenge kachilombo kaye kuchoka pa tsamba lolowera ndi kulowa magazi ndi ma lymph nodes.
Kotero chofunikira ndicho kufunafuna mwamsanga. Musati dikirani. Nthawi yomwe chiwonetsero chimachitika, pitani kuchipatala chanu chapafupi kapena kupita kuchipatala. Musati mudikire mpaka mmawa kuti muitane dokotala wanu.
PEP imaperekedwanso kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe ali ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito pa HIV , monga mwa kukhudzana ndi magazi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena kuvulazidwa kwa singano kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala.
Momwe PEP ikuyang'anira
Mukadzafika kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala, mudzapatsidwa kachirombo ka HIV kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi HIV kapena HIV.
- Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV , zikutanthauza kuti mwakhala mukupezeka ndi HIV ndipo muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kuyesedwa kwachiwiri kudzaperekedwa kuti mutsimikizire zotsatira, pambuyo pake mudzatumizidwa kwa wogwira ntchito yothandizira za uphungu, ndikukambirana zotsatira zanu.
- Ngati mulibe kachilombo ka HIV , mumapatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV kawiri kawiri kuti muyambe mwamsanga ndipo mutenge masabata anayi. Pofuna kuchepetsa vutoli, nthawi zambiri mankhwalawa amalembedwa. Pa milandu yowonjezereka, kuphatikizapo kugwiriridwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ndi munthu wosadziwika kapena wodziwika kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mankhwala amodzi akhoza kulamulidwa. (Zolinga zina, komabe, nthawi zonse zimalongosola mankhwala atatu pazochitika zonse chifukwa cha kulekerera kwapamwamba komanso mosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo atsopano).
Mutha kulangizidwa za mankhwala oyenera, zotsatira zowonongeka, komanso kutsatira mankhwala . Zowonjezereka zowunika zowonongeka zingathe kuchitidwa, ngati zikuwonetsedwa (mwachitsanzo, matenda opatsirana pogonana, chiwindi cha hepatitis B) Kachilombo ka pangozi kangathenso kulangizidwa ngati akugwiriridwa kapena kugwiriridwa.
Ngati kuyesa kofulumira kwa HIV sikupezeka, mudzapatsidwa chiyeso cha HIV ELISA ndikupereka mankhwala oyenera kuyamba mankhwala. Mutha kulangizidwa zotsatira zanu pokhapokha mayesero a labwino atamaliza, ndikuuzidwa ngati mukufuna kupitiriza chithandizo.
Kuyesa kutsatila kachirombo ka HIV kudzafunika kukonzekera, kawirikawiri mkati mwa masabata 4-6 PEP itatha.
Kodi PEP ndi yotani?
PEP m'makonzedwe apamwamba awonetseredwa kuti athe kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kachilombo ka HIV ndi 81 peresenti, malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ku New England Journal of Medicine .
Palibe deta yomwe imapezeka kuti iwonetsetse kuti PEP ikugwira bwino ntchito yokhudza kugonana kapena kulandira mankhwala chifukwa cha zifukwa ziwiri zosavuta:
- Zimakhala zovuta kugawana zozizwitsa mwa mtundu kapena kuuma mu malo osamalidwa.
- Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kudzafuna "gulu lolamulira" la anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi koma sanapatsedwe PEP kuti awonetsetse kuti ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta.
Izi zati, zotsatira zowonjezera mpaka lero zikusonyeza kuti PEP ikhoza kuthandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV pakakhala zoopsa, zosagwira ntchito.
Zina Zowonjezera
- Mtengo wa PEP ukhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi inshuwaransi (kapena abwana anu panthawi ya ntchito), koma musayembekezere kutsimikiziridwa musanapitirize, makamaka ngati mwakhala maola 24 kapena kuposerapo chiwonetsero chikuchitika.
- PEP sikumapeto kwa mapiritsi. Mukayamba, muyenera kumaliza mankhwala onse. Mlingo wosayenerera kapena kusiya chithandizo msanga ungayambitse chitukuko cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo . Ngati muli ndi zotsatira zosavutikira, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga. Mankhwala ena amatha kusinthidwa.
- Ngati simukudziwa ngati mwapezeka ndi kachirombo ka HIV, pitani ku chipatala chapafupi kapena kuchipatala, kapena muitanitse kachilombo ka HIV. Buku la AIDS hotlines lingapezeke m'masamba achikasu pansi pa "AIDS, HIV Education Referral ndi Support Services" kapena "Social Service Organisations." Adzatha kukulangizani pa chiopsezo chanu.
- Anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kuganizira momwe angapewere HIV asanayambe. Lero, pali njira yotchedwa HIV Pre-exposure prophlylaxis (PrEP) yomwe ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya mankhwala a Truvada ingachepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka HIV pafupifupi 75%.
Zotsatira:
Cardo, D., MD; Culver, D., PhD ;; Ciesielski, C., MD, ndi al. "Kufufuza kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kuteteza kachilombo koyambitsa HIV kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo pambuyo powonetseredwa mwachangu." New England Journal of Medicine . November 1997; 337: 1485-1490.
Roland, M ;; Neilands, T .; Krone, M., et al. "Seroconversion ikutsatila nthendayi yopanda chithandizo cha HIV." Matenda opatsirana pogonana. November 2005; 41 (10): 1507-1513.
Smith, D .; Grohskopf, L .; Black, R., et al. "Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis Pambuyo pa Kugonana, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo, kapena Zina Zopanda Kusokonezeka Kwa HIV ku United States." Kuchiza ndi Kufa Sabata Sabata. January 21, 2005; 55 (RR02): 1-20.