Momwe Mankhwala Amagwiritsira Ntchito Amapereka HIV Wopanda Mphamvu
Sitikukayikira kuti mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV apita patsogolo kwambiri zaka 20 zapitazo. Chimene ena sangazindikire ndi momwe mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana athandizirako kuyambira 1996 pamene mankhwala oyamba a katatu oyambitsa matenda adasintha kwambiri mliriwu.
Mbiri Yakale ya Thandizo la Antiretroviral
Zaka zisanafike chaka cha 1996, pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zakubadwa za munthu wodwala kachilombo ka HIV zakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Ngakhale mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV a nthawiyo adatha kuchepetsa matendawa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakula mofulumira ndipo nthawi zambiri anthu amapezeka kuti ali ndi zochepa, mulimonse, mankhwala angapo patatha zaka zingapo.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, piritsi ya tsiku ndi tsiku imatha kudabwitsa. Nthawi zina, munthu angayang'ane ndi mapiritsi 30 kapena kuposerapo patsiku, nthawi zambiri amatengedwa mozungulira maola ola limodzi kapena asanu ndi limodzi.
Kenaka, mu 1995, gulu latsopano la mankhwala lotchedwa protease inhibitors linayambitsidwa. Pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi, maphunziro atatu osiyana adatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opititsa katatu kungathetseretu matendawa ndikuletsa matendawa kuti asapitirire .
Pazaka ziwiri zochepa, kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala osakaniza kunachititsa kuti kudumpha kwa 60 peresenti ya imfa ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Vumbulutso ili linayambira mu zomwe zidzatchedwa zaka za HAART (mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV).
Kupita Patsogolo mu Njira Yophatikizira
Ngakhale kuti palibe zovuta zake, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kugonjetsa mankhwala nthawi zambiri kumakhala pang'onopang'ono pamene vutoli limakhala ngati piritsi limodzi patsiku.
Chofunika kwambiri, ndi chithandizo choyenera, munthu amene watenga kachilombo ka HIV angathe kuyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo wapadera . Malingana ndi North American AIDS Cohort Cooperative pa Research and Design, mwana wamwamuna wazaka 20 yemwe watenga kachilomboka lero akhoza kupulumuka kwambiri mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi kupitirira.
Momwe Ntchito Zachiromboka Zimagwirira Ntchito
Mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV samagwira ntchito mwa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. M'malomwake, iwo amawunikira ndikuletsa magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo wa HIV. Pochita zimenezi, kachilomboka sikhoza kufotokoza ndikupanga mapepala okhaokha. Ngati chithandizo chikupitirizabe chosasokonekera, kachilomboka kakagwera mpaka pamene sichikuoneka .
Chifukwa chakuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitifa, imatha kubweranso (kubwezeretsa) ngati mankhwala amachiza mwadzidzidzi. Zomwezo zikhoza kuchitika ngati mankhwalawa samakhala mofanana monga momwe adanenera. M'kupita kwa nthawi, vuto losavomerezeka lingayambitse chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo pamapeto pake mankhwalawa akulephera .
Maphunziro a Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Kuphatikizidwa kachirombo ka HIV kumagwira ntchito mwa kulepheretsa magawo ambiri a moyo wa HIV kamodzi. Panopa pali magulu asanu a mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, omwe amagawidwa ndi siteji ya moyo wawo amaletsa:
- Entry inhibitors
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
Zonse zanenedwa, pali mankhwala ochepetsa ma ARV ovomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration, kuphatikizapo 12 mankhwala osokoneza bongo (FDC) omwe ali ndi mankhwala awiri kapena kuposa.
Mankhwala atsopano, apamwamba kwambiri akukonzedwa omwe angachepetse mankhwala osokoneza bongo katatu kwa mankhwala awiri.
Posakhalitsa mapangidwe ena amalola kuti jekeseni kamodzi kapena kamodzi kapena kamodzi kokha kamodzi kokha osati mapiritsi a tsiku ndi tsiku.
Chifukwa Chimene Mankhwala Ophatikiza Akugwira Ntchito
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi, mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV amagwira ntchito ngati timagulu ta timagulu ta mankhwala a zamoyo omwe amatha kuthetsa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa tizilombo komwe kungathe kukhalapo pakati pa kachilombo ka HIV. Ngati mankhwala A sangathe kulepheretsa kusintha kwa thupi, ndiye kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo B ndi C angathe kuchita chinyengo.
Kuyezetsa magazi kumapatsa madokotala zipangizo zofunikira kuti asinthe mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito asanayambe kulandira chithandizo, pochita zimenezi, dokotala akhoza kuthandiza mankhwala mwakumwa mankhwala omwe amatha kuthetsa kusintha kumeneku.
Mwa kusunga kachilombo ka HIV, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kugwira ntchito yaitali, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa.
Ma antiretroviral angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana , kuti ateteze matenda pambuyo powonekera mwangozi , kapena athandize munthu yemwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV kuti asatenge kachilomboka .
> Zotsatira:
> Hogg, R .; Samji, H ;; Cescon, A., et al. "Zosintha Zosintha M'moyo Anthu Omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV: North America." Msonkhano wa 19 pa ma retroviruses ndi matenda opatsirana (CROI). March 7, 2013; Seattle; Kulankhula pamlomo 137.
> Kitahata, M .; Gange, S .; Abraham, A., et al. "Zotsatira za mankhwala oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV poyambirira ndi omwe amalembedwa kuti apulumuke." New England Journal of Medicine. April 30, 2009; 360 (18): 1815-1826.
> Sax, P .; Meyers, J ;; Mugavero, M., et al. "Kuvomereza Antiretroviral Treatment and Correlation ndi Kowopsa kwa Chipatala pakati pa Odwala Pachilombo cha HIV ku United States." Tenth International Congress pa Zamankhwala Osokoneza Bongo mu HIV. November 8, 2010; Glasgow; Zolankhula zamakono 0113.
> Dipatimenti ya US Health and Human Services (DHHS). "Malangizo othandizira kugwiritsa ntchito antiretroviral Agent s omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV ndi 1 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV." Rockville, Maryland; zasinthidwa pa July 14, 2016.