Kujambula ndi Kuwonetsa Phenotyping Kumatha Kuzindikira, Ngakhale Kulosera, Kugonjetsa Kachilombo ka HIV
Ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha mankhwala, kachilombo ka HIV kowonjezereka kamayenera kuwonjezeka patapita nthawi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe cha kachirombo ka HIV. Nthawi zina, kukana kungapitirire mwamsanga pamene kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa kumachititsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV asapitirire kukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala athe kulephera.
Ngati mankhwala akulephera, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayenera kusankhidwa kuti athetse chiwerengerochi cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.
Kuyezetsa magazi kumathandizira kuti izi zitheke pozindikiritsa mitundu ya kusinthasintha kwamasinthasintha mu "chidziŵitso cha tizilombo" cha munthu, pamene akudziŵa momwe mavairasiwa aliri othandizira ma antiretroviral .
Zida ziwiri zikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezetsa magazi ku HIV: kachilombo ka HIV kameneka ndi kachilombo ka HIV kameneka .
Kodi Chimachitika Chiyani ndi Phenotype?
Mwakutanthauzira, chibadwa chokha ndizochibadwa cha thupi, pamene phenotype ndizomwe zimawonekera kapena zikhalidwe za thupi.
Zolemba za genotypic (kapena genotyping) zimagwira ntchito pozindikiritsa malangizo omwe anabadwa mu khungu la genetic, kapena DNA. Phenotypic assays (kapena phenotyping) imatsimikizira mafotokozedwe a malangizowa mothandizidwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.
Ngakhale kuti mgwirizano pakati pa genotype ndi phenotype sizowona, mawonekedwe a genotyping nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsira ntchito phenotype, makamaka pamene kusintha kwa ma genetic kumatsimikizira kusintha kwa mikhalidwe kapena makhalidwe - monga momwe angakhalire osakondera mankhwala.
Phenotyping, kumbali inayo, imatsimikizira "pano-ndi-tsopano." Cholinga chake ndi kufufuza momwe zamoyo zimakhudzidwira ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe monga momwe kachilombo ka HIV kamatengera mankhwala osiyanasiyana komanso / kapena mankhwala.
Kufotokozera kachirombo ka HIV
Kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri ndi kampani yamakono yogwiritsidwa ntchito popimidwa.
Cholinga cha chiyeso ndikutulukira kusintha kwasinthika kwa chibadwa mu dera la gag la ' genome ' (kapena chibadwa). Awa ndi dera limene reverse transcriptase, protease ndi integrase-michere-zomwe zimayambitsa mankhwala ambiri ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV .
Poyamba kukulitsa kachilombo ka HIV pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya PC (polymerase chain reaction) (PCR) , akatswiri a labu amatha kusinthasintha (kapena "mapu") chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kusintha.
Zosintha kusintha (kapena kusinthika kwamasinthasintha) zimatanthauziridwa ndi akatswiri omwe amafufuza mgwirizano pakati pa kusintha kwa chidziwitso ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamene kanali kuyembekezera ku mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV. Mauthenga a pa Intaneti angakuthandizeni poyerekeza zofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ( zakutchire ).
Kutanthauzira kwa mayeserowa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa momwe mankhwala angagwiritsire ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumapangitsa kuti miyezo yapamwamba yotsutsa mankhwala ikhalepo .
Kufotokozera kachirombo ka HIV
Vuto loyambitsa matenda a HIV limayesa kukula kwa kachilombo ka HIV pamakhalapo mankhwala, kenaka amayerekeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda m'thupi.
Monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito genotypic, mayeso a phenotypic amachititsa kuti dera la gag poll likhale ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Chigawo ichi cha ma genetic ndiye "kusonkhezeredwa" pamtundu wina wamtundu wina pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono za DNA . Vutoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsira maselo a mammalian mu vitro (mu labu).
Chitsanzo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimawonekera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana tiwonjezeke mpaka 50% ndi 90% ya mankhwalawa akupezeka. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimayesedwa ndi zotsatira zowonongeka.
Zosintha zowonjezera "zowononga" zimapereka mtengo womwe umayendera kuti mankhwala amadziwika. Kusintha kwazomwe kumangotanthawuza kuti nthawi zinayi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kunkafunika kuti tipeze kupatsirana kwa tizilombo poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa zakutchire.
Kuwonjezera apo, pang'onopang'ono, kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala kochepa kwambiri.
Izi zimayikidwa m'matawuni apansi ndi opita kuchipatala, ndizopambana zomwe zimapangika kumagulu akuluakulu a mankhwala osokoneza bongo. (Onani zowonjezera lipoti .)
Kodi Kuyesedwa Kachibadwa Kwambiri Ndi Koti?
Ku US, kuyeretsa kwa majeremusi nthawi zambiri kumachitika pa chithandizo cha odwala kuti asankhe ngati ali ndi "mankhwala" omwe amatsutsa. Kafukufuku ku US akusonyeza kuti pakati pa 6% ndi 16% ya kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa sikudzamenyana ndi mankhwala amodzi a antiretroviral, pamene pafupifupi 5% sadzatsutsidwa ndi mankhwala oposa oposa limodzi.
Kuyezetsa magazi kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati anthu akuganiza kuti mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyezetsa kumachitika pamene wodwalayo amatha kutenga regimen yolephera kapena mkati mwa masabata anayi atasiya mankhwala ngati chiwerengero cha tizilombochi chikuposa makope 500 / mL. Kafukufuku wa Genotypic kawirikawiri amawakonda pazifukwazi pamene amawononga ndalama zochepa, amakhala ndi nthawi yowonongeka, ndipo amapereka mphamvu zowonjezereka zowonongeka zowonongeka za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa phenotypic ndi test genotypic kaŵirikaŵiri zimakondedwa kwa anthu okhala ndi mankhwala ovuta, ambiri osokoneza bongo, makamaka kwa omwe ali ndi mavitamini oteteza thupi .
Zotsatira:
Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO). "Kachilombo ka HIV kotsutsa mankhwala." Geneva, Switzerland; April 11, 2011.
Kim, D .; Ziebell, R .; Saduvala, N .; et al. "Mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo wa HIV ndi 1 wothandizira kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a ARV: 10 malo ochezera HIV, US, 2007-2010." Msonkhano wa 20 wa Retroviruses ndi Matenda Opondereza. Atlanta, Georgia; March 6, 2013; Mawu ovomerezeka 149.
National Institutes of Health (NIH). "Malangizo Othandizira Ogwiritsa Ntchito Matenda Ochepetsa Matenda a Edzi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV ndi 1 omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda." Bethesda, Maryland; October 11, 2013.