Kodi Zingachitikenso?
Kukula Wopanda Thanzi
Rubella (omwe amadziwikanso ngati chimfine chachi German) ndi matenda a HIV omwe amachititsa kuti ziphuphu zikhale zofiira, komanso kutentha thupi. Ngati zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa mimba, mwanayo akhoza kubadwa wosamva. (Ana amatha kubadwanso akhungu, ali ndi vuto la mtima, kutaya mtima, kapena matenda a ubongo, pakati pa zinthu zina.)
Zotsatira za Rubella pa Ine
Ndine wogontha chifukwa cha amayi a rubella.
Mu 1963-1965, panali mliri wa rubella ku United States. (Pasanapite katemera, United States inali ndi miliri yambiri ya rubella.) Mliri umenewo wa 1963-1965 unabereka ana ambiri osamva monga ine.
Rubella angakhale atandichitira zinthu zina. Izo zinapangitsa manja anga kukhala ochepa, ndipo mwina ndichifukwa chake ndiri pansi mamita asanu. Rubella ndi kachilombo koopsa kwambiri . Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 Ndinawerenga pepala lolembedwa ndi rubella lomwe linanena kuti kachilombo ka rubella kangabweretsebe. Ndinazindikira kuti ndili ndi mwayi wobadwira wamoyo, ndikumva chabe.
Mofanana ndi ana ambiri a rubella zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, sindinkadziwika mpaka nditakhala chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Ndinali gawo la "Ntchito ya Rubella" ku yunivesite ya New York. Ndinapita ku maofesi awo ndipo ndinayesa mayesero omwe amadziwika nawo ndi luso lina. "Rubella babies" akhala akuphunzira maphunziro angapo, ndipo akutsatiridwabe lero pamene akukalamba.
Zotsatira za Maphunziro a Rubella
Bulera ya Rubella ya masukulu makumi asanu ndi limodzi a anthu ogontha, odzaza ndi osamva, ndipo pambuyo pake anawonjezera makompyuta kwa ogontha.
Mphamvu iyi ya maphunziro yakhala ikulembedwa bwino mu nkhani ndi maphunziro. (Kuphatikiza apo, pamene ndinali wophunzira wa NTID / RIT, ndinalemba nkhani pa tsamba la RIT Reporter yomwe inalembedwa mu magazini ya 1982 ya NTID Focus ).
Rubella's Disappearing Act
Rubella yathetsedwa ku United States, malinga ndi Washington Post (March 21, 2005).
The Post inati "Anthu ocheperapo 10 pa chaka tsopano akudwala matendawa omwe amadziwika ngati chiwombankhanga cha Germany. Kuyambira chaka cha 2002, milandu yonse yakhala ikudziwika kwa alendo omwe anatenga kachilomboka kochokera kunja."
Komabe, ndi nkhani yosiyana m'mayiko omwe akutukukabe. M'mayiko amenewo, rubella akadali vuto chifukwa cha kusowa katemera (mwachitsanzo, ku India, monga momwe amachitira ndi magazini ya Hearing Health , Summer 2004). Nkhani yomweyo ya Washington Post inanenanso kuti malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, pafupifupi ana 100,000 anabadwa chaka chilichonse padziko lonse ndi congemic rubella syndrome.
Mabungwe awiri omwe akutsatira rubella m'mayiko akunja ndipo akugwira ntchito mwakhama pofuna kuthetseratu ndi Pan American Health Organization (www.paho.org) yomwe imayang'ana kumpoto ndi South America, ndi World Health Organization (www.who.int). WHO imakhala ndi tsamba la rubella ndi mapu a dziko lapansi omwe akusonyeza mayiko omwe panopo amapezeka katemera ka rubella. Mapu omwe ndawawonera, chifukwa cha August 2006, adawonetsera mipata yoyamba kukhala Africa ndi East Asia.
Rubella mu Posts Posts
Rubella wakhala mndandanda wa zolemba pambuyo:
- Kufunafuna kwambiri ... ana abambo
- Matenda a Rubella akadali mkati mwa thupi
- Rubella ndi Kugona kwa Apnea?
Rubella Information Online
Mauthenga angapo a zambiri zokhudza rubella amapezeka pa intaneti. Nazi ziwiri:
- Pulogalamu ya National Kampani ya Helen Keller ya Achinyamata Akhungu ndi Akuluakulu (www.hknc.org) ili ndi tsamba la rubella. Mu March 2005, ofesiyi inathandizira msonkhano wa rubella.
- ADAM Healthcare Center ili ndi tsatanetsatane wa tsamba la rubella, kuphatikizapo mafanizo omveka a rubella ndi zotsatira zake.
Buku la Rubella ndi lachinsinsi kwa Ofufuza
Library ya University of Gallaudet
Laibulale ya Yunivesite ya Gallaudet ku Yunivesite ya Gallaudet ku Washington, DC, ili ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yokhudza rubella ndi wogontha zomwe zimapezeka kudzera pa catalog.wrlc.org kufufuza (kufufuza kunayambira zinthu zoposa 40), monga:
- Vernon, McKay. Rubella ndi Deafness Lofalitsidwa kuzungulira 1968 ndi National Association of Deaf.
- Sigurjonsson, Julius. "Rubella ndi Kumva Kwachangu." American Journal of Medical Science , December 1961, voliyumu 242. Zithunzi zojambula zithunzi.
- Hopkins, Louise A. "Ana Achichepere - Osauka: Kufanizitsa Ana Ogontha Ogontha Ndi A Siboni Awo." Nkhani yojambula zithunzi kuchokera ku American Journal of Diseases of Children , August 1949, vesi 78, no. 2.
Zosintha za boma
Zitsanzo zachitsanzo za rubella ndi ogontha zinapezeka pa PubMed.gov kapena Eric.Ed.gov. Zina mwazigawozi zili ndi zizindikiro.
- "Ndondomeko Yophunzitsira ndi Yomaliza Maphunziro ndi Ntchito ya Rubella Cohort." American Annals wa ogontha , Spring 1990, voliyumu 135 nambala 1, masamba 22-6.
- "Mmene Maternal Rubella Amamvera pa Kumvetsera ndi Masomphenya: Kuphunzira kwa Mliri wa Zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri." American Annals wa ogontha , July 1989, buku la 134, nambala 3, tsamba 232-42.
- "Postsecondary Programs for Ophunzira Ophunzira Ophunzira pa Peak ya Rubella Bulge." American Annals a Anthu Osamva , March 1987, buku 132, namba 1, pp. 36-42.
- "Kukhazikitsa Magalimoto ku Congenital Rubella Syndrome." Journal of Pediatrics . March 1984, buku 104, Nambala 3, tsamba 370-3.
- Mu 1980, panali msonkhano wa rubella ndi wogontha. American Annals wa Ogontha , buku la 125, Number 8, November 1980, anapereka nkhani ku msonkhano:
- Kufufuza kwa United States Pulogalamu yowunikira ku Rubella
- Koma Musandiyankhe: Kuganizira kwa Makolo Osauka ndi Rubella.
- Ogontha-Akhungu Ana omwe ali ndi amayi achiberekero: Zotsatira za Mapemphero akuluakulu.
- Utsiru ndi Rubella: Chovuta ndi Cholinga Chokonzekera.
- Kumva ndi Rubella: Makanda m'zaka za m'ma 60s, Achikulire m'ma 80s.
- Kulemala Kugwirizana ndi Congenital Rubella Syndrome.
- Multihandicapped Ophunzira Ophunzira Kumaphunziro a Postsecondary: Malangizo Othandizira Mapulani.
- Kuwonongeka kwa Neurologic ndi Khalidwe labwino mu Rubella Ana.
- Mapulani kwa Ophunzira Osamva ndi Maternal Rubella: Koleji ndi Njira Zina.
- Zomwe Zimaganizira za Wanthu Osamva-Wakhungu Akhungu.
- Rubella-Inachititsa Mtsiru: Kusunga Cholinga ndi Cholinga Chokhazikika.
- "Rubella Bulge" ndi Kukonza Maphunziro.
- Chiwerengero cha Anthu Osamva Chotsatira Kuchokera kwa Amayi Rubella.
- "Kusakhudzidwa kwa ana a Rubella Azimva: Kuphunzira Kwambiri." American Annals wa Ogontha , June 1980, buku la 125, Number 4, pp. 505-9.
- Ogontha-Opusa ndi 1963-1965 Rubella Epidemic: Challenge Rehabilitation kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. " Journal of Rehabilitation . April - June 1979, vesi 45, nambala 2, mas. 24-7.
- "Kufanizira kwa Maphunziro a Rubella ndi Ophunzira Osakhala a Rubella ku Clarke School kwa Ogontha." American Annals wa Ogontha December 1976, buku 121, nambala 6, pp 547-53.
- "Impact Educational - 1964-65 Rubella Epidemic ku United States." American Annals wa Ogontha , February 1972, buku 117, nambala 1.
- "Kuyerekezera Rubella ndi Nonrubella Young Deaf Adults: Zotsatira za Kuphunzira." Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , December 1972, volume 15, nambala 4, pp. 734-42.
- "Zojambulajambula, Zopititsa patsogolo, ndi Zophunzirira Zophunzira za Gulu la Ana Othawa Magulu a Rubella." Magazini a Journal of Speech and Hearing , August 1970, vesi 35, nambala 3, masamba 218-28.
- "Kuyerekezera Mbiri Za Rubella ndi Ana Osaperekera Kuchokera kwa Rubella." American Annals wa Anthu Osamva , March 1970, vesi 115, nambala 2, masamba 86-92.
- "Maphunziro a Ana Athu Ogwidwa ndi Zogontha Pambuyo pa Amayi a Rubella Pakati pa Mimba." AMA Journal of Matenda a Ana , May 1951, vesi 81, nambala 5, masamba 627-35.
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