Mapu a Kuyankha kwa Viral Amatithandiza Kukulitsa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Kumvetsetsa moyo wa HIV wathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa. Zimatithandiza kudziwa momwe kachilomboka kamapangidwira okha, zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala ndi njira zolepheretsa (kapena kulepheretsa) njirayi.
Kuzungulira moyo wa kachirombo ka HIV kawirikawiri kumagawidwa mu magawo sikisi osiyana, kuchokera ku chiyanjano cha kachilombo kupita ku selo yolandiridwa mpaka kuphulika kwa mauthenga atsopano a HIV virions ( chithunzi ).
Viral Attachment
Kamodzi kachilombo ka HIV kamalowa m'thupi (makamaka pogonana, kuwonetsetsa mwazi, kapena kupatsirana kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana), imayang'ana selo yolandiridwa kuti ikatuluke. Wogwira ntchitoyo ndi CD4 T-cell yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza chitetezo cha mthupi.
Pofuna kutenga kachilombo ka selo, iyenera kudzimangirira yokha mwa njira yachinsinsi ndi kayake. Mafungulo ndi mapuloteni pamwamba pa kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamagwirizanitsa ndi mapuloteni ovomerezeka pa CD4 cell momwe njira imayendera mulolo. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda .
Kachilombo ka Viral kameneka katsekedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatchedwa Selzentry (Maraviroc) .
Kudzudzula ndi Kusakanikirana
Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito pa selo, kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsa mapuloteni enieni m'maselo amadzi (cytoplasm) a T-cell. Izi zimayambitsa kusakanikirana kwa maselo a memphane kunja kwa envelopu ya HIV. Iyi ndi siteji yomwe imadziwika ngati fusion firitsi .Wina amatsutsana, kachilombo kamalowa mu selo.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo otchedwa Fuzeon (enfurvitide) amatha kusokoneza ma fusion.
Kusuta Vuto
HIV imagwiritsira ntchito ma genetic (RNA) kuti ibwerere mwa kubisula ma genetic ya selo yolandiridwayo. Pochita zimenezi, ikhoza kutulutsa makope ambiri. Njirayi, yomwe imatchedwa kubisala , imafuna kuti mipiringidzo yoyandikana ndi RNA iyenera kusungunuka. Popanda kutero, kutembenuka kwa RNA kupita ku DNA (kumanga kachilombo katsopano) sikungakhoze kuchitika.
Kusindikiza ndi Kutanthauzira
Kamodzi mu selo, kachilombo ka HIV kamodzi kokha kamene kamayambitsa kachilombo ka HIV kamasinthidwa kukhala DNA yaphatikizi. Icho chimakwaniritsa izi mothandizidwa ndi enzyme yotchedwa reverse transcriptase .
Reverse transcriptase amagwiritsira ntchito zomangira kuchokera ku T-cell kuti alembereni zenizenizo kuchokera ku RNA kupita ku DNA. DNA ikasandulika, ma genetic ali ndi coding yofunika kuti pakhale kubwezeretsa kwa tizilombo.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo otchedwa reverse transcriptase inhibitors akhoza kuletsa njirayi kwathunthu. Mitundu itatu ya mankhwala, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nucleotide transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs) komanso osakhala nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), ali ndi zolakwika za mapuloteni omwe amadziika mu DNA yopita patsogolo. Pochita zimenezi, DNA yosakanikirana ya DNA silingakhazikike, ndipo kubwereza kumatsekedwa.
Retrovir (zidovudine), Ziagen (abacavir), Sustiva (efavirenz) ndi Viread (tenofovir) ndi zina mwazirombo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV.
Kugwirizana
Kuti kachilombo ka HIV kathyola ma cell gene, zimayenera kuphatikiza DNA yatsopano yomwe ili m'kati mwa selo. Mankhwala otchedwa integrase inhibitors amatha kulepheretsa mgwirizano wothandizana nawo pogwiritsira ntchito mapuloteni otchedwa integrase omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera ma genetic.
Isentress (ratelgraviv), Tivicay (dolutegravir), ndi Vitekta (elvitegravir) ndi atatu omwe amapatsidwa integrase inhibitors.
Msonkhano
Mutagwirizana, HIV imapanga mapuloteni omwe amagwiritsira ntchito kupanga kachilombo katsopano. Zimatero ndi protease enzyme, yomwe imapangitsa mapuloteni kukhala ang'onoang'ono kenaka amasonkhanitsa zidutswazo kukhala zatsopano, zowonjezera kachilombo ka HIV.
Gulu la mankhwala lotchedwa protease inhibitors lingathe kulepheretsa msonkhano . Zina mwa mankhwalawa monga Prezista (darunavir) ndi Reyataz (atazanavir).
Kusakaniza ndi Kusamba
Mmodzi wa virions amasonkhana, amapita kumapeto otsiriza kumene okhwima amakula bwino kuchokera ku chipinda cholandira HIV.
Mukawamasulidwa mwapadera, ma virionswa amapita kukapatsira selo yowonongeka ndikuyambanso kubwereza.
Palibe mankhwala omwe angalepheretse kusasitsa ndi kuphulika .