Maselo apachilombo ndi omwe akuwunikira kwambiri
T-maselo ndi maselo oyera a maselo oyera omwe amathandiza kwambiri m'thupi lanu. CD4 ndi, mosiyana, mtundu wa mapuloteni omwe amapezeka pa maselo ena oteteza thupi monga T-maselo, macrophages, ndi monocytes.
CD4 T-maselo amatengedwa kuti ndi "othandizira" maselo chifukwa samathetsa matenda koma amachititsa kuti thupi liziyankhidwa ku matenda.
Poyankha, CD8 T-maselo - amadziwika kuti ndi otere chifukwa cha mtundu wa mapuloteni pamwamba pawo - ayambani gawo "maselo" popanga zinthu (antibodies) zomwe zimathandiza kumenyana ndi mavairasi ndi ena owononga.
Udindo wa CD4 T-Maselo mu HIV
Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV ndi chakuti maselo omwe amatanthauza kuti ateteze chitetezo cha mthupi ndi omwewo omwe amayenera kutenga kachirombo ka HIV . Monga kachilombo ka HIV, kachilombo ka HIV kakuyambitsa maselo ena "okonda" kuti apange makope omwe. CD4 maselo ndiwo omwe amawunikira makamaka pa matendawa.
Pa matenda, kachilombo ka HIV kamalumikiza maselo othandizirawa, kutaya ma genetic mkati mwawo kotero kuti zolembera zowonongeka zingathe kusinthidwa kuti zibweretse ma viriyoni ena a HIV. Pochita zimenezi, CD4 cell imafa, ndipo mphamvu yake yowonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kupititsa patsogolo pang'onopang'ono mpaka kusiya thupi kutseguka kwa matenda opatsirana .
Mphamvu za HIV ndizakuti CD8 T-cell "zakupha" imasiyidwa khungu m'matenda opatsirana ndipo pamapeto pake silingathe kulimbana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa . Ngati osatulutsidwa, chitetezo cha mthupi chidzatha, kapena chidziwike, sichidzatha (kapena chidzasokonezedwa).
Mitundu ya ma CD-T Teni
Kaŵirikaŵiri osati momwe timaganizira za CD4 T-maselo ngati mtundu umodzi wa selo. Ndipotu, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, asayansi adayamba kuzindikira zosiyana siyana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ena ndi ofunika poyambitsa maselo otchedwa macrophage ndi dendritic pamene ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, pamene ena amateteza chitetezo cha mthupi poyang'anizana, payekha, ndi majeremusi, mabakiteriya, kapena mavairasi.
Izi zimaphatikizapo ma subtypes omwe amatchedwa T-helper 1, T-helper 2, T-helper 9, T-helper 17, T-cell yolamulira, ndi follicular helper T- cell, yomwe imabisa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala kuti iwononge mavairasi.
Kodi Timayesa Bwanji CD4 T-Selo (ndi Chifukwa)?
Pozindikira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito CD4 maselo m'magazi, dokotala akhoza kudziwa momwe thupi limatetezera. Kuyeza kwa magazi kochepa komwe kumatchedwa kuti CD4 chiwerengero cha kuchuluka kwa maselo a CD4 mu cubic millimeter of blood. Pamwamba pa CD4 chiwerengero, chitetezo cha m'thupi chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri.
Munthu wamkulu wathanzi, kachilombo ka CD4 kawirikawiri kamakhala kosiyana kwambiri (ndi anthu, gulu la zaka, etc.) koma kawirikawiri amakhala pafupi ndi 500 mpaka 1500 maselo pamtunda wamagazimita imodzi (mL). Iyo ikagwa pansi pa 200, komabe matendawa amadziwika ngati Edzi (matenda osowa chitetezo cha mthupi).
Panthawiyi, matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe amawoneka kuti amawoneka ngati omwe amatetezedwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Zaka zisanafike 2016, chiwerengero cha CD4 chinagwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira yomwe ingayambitsire nthawi yoyambitsa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (ART) . Koma m'zaka zaposachedwapa gawoli lasinthidwa ngati akuluakulu a dziko lonse akuvomereza kuti ayambe kulandira kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV (osati kuyembekezera kuti chiwerengero cha CD4 chichepetse pansi pa maselo 500 / mL, monga momwe zinalili kale).
CD4 chiwerengerochi chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'ana momwe munthu akuyankhira pa mankhwala, ndi kuyambitsa koyambirira kwa ART kumene kumatha kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha munthu.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, anthu omwe amayamba ART pamakhala otsika kwambiri CD4 (pansi pa maselo 100 / mL) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kubwezeretsa chiwerengero chawo cha CD4 m'magulu ochiritsira, makamaka patatha matenda aakulu.
Choncho, ndi kofunika kuyesedwa malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika panopa ku United States ndikufufuza mosamala ngati munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ngati mankhwala ayambitsidwa mwamsanga, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV tsopano ali ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wokhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wathanzi .
Zotsatira:
> Ma Institutes of Health (NIH). "Kuyambitsa mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV kumayambitsa bwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV." Bethesda, Maryland; inatulutsidwa pa May 27, 2015.
> Seng, R .; Goujard, C .; Krastinova, E ;; et al. "Kukhudzidwa kwa moyo wa moyo wonse wa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV pafupipafupi panthawi ya kuchipatala kwa CD4 + ndi CD4 + / CD8 + pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV." AIDS . January 13, 2015; inasindikizidwa patsogolo pa kusindikiza; DOI: 10.1097.
> Zhu, J. ndi Paul, W. "CD4 T maselo: kutaya, ntchito, ndi zolakwika." Magazi. 2008; 112: 1557-1569.
> Luckheeram, R .; Zhou, R .; Verma, A .; et al. "Maselo a CD4 +: Kusiyanitsa ndi Ntchito." Immunology yachipatala ndi yotukuka. 2012: 2012 (925135); DOI 10.1155 / 2012/925135.