Maococytes amachita Ntchito ya Immune
Monocytes ndi mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi. Monga maselo ena oyera a magazi, monocytes ndi ofunikira ku chitetezo cha m'thupi kuti athe kuwononga othawa, komanso powathandiza kuchiritsa ndi kukonza. Mankhwala a monocyte amapangidwa m'mafupa ndipo amamasulidwa m'magazi am'thupi, kumene amatha masiku ambiri. Amaphatikizapo pafupifupi 5-10 peresenti ya maselo oyera a magazi oyera.
Ma Monocyte ayenera kuti amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha ntchito yawo monga kusungira magulu ankhondo. Ena mwa iwo akhoza kuyitanidwa ngati akufunikira, kupanga mawonekedwe a mitundu iwiri ya maselo oyera a magazi: maselo a macrophages ndi maselo a dendritic . Koma ma monocytes ali ndi maudindo ena mu matenda ndi matenda, ena mwa iwo alibe chochita ndi macrophages ndi maselo a dendritic.
Kodi Ma Monocytes Omwe Amakhala Bwanji M'thupi?
Mpaka posachedwa, ntchito yaikulu ya monocytes inkaonedwa kuti ikuyang'ana chilengedwe ndi kubwezeretsanso mitsempha ya macrophages ndi maselo osungunuka, monga pakufunikira.
Tsopano zikudziwika kuti majekiti osiyanasiyana a monocytes ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, kapena zizindikiro za mapuloteni kunja, ndipo zigawozi zingathe kuchita mosiyana. Mitundu itatu ya monocytes ya anthu tsopano ikufotokozedwa:
- Nkhani za monocyte zapamwamba zimakhala pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu ambiri otchedwa monocyte.
- Zotsalira 20 peresenti zikhoza kusankhidwa ndi zizindikiro zawo za mapuloteni monga
- monocytes osakhala achikale komanso
- monocytes pakati.
Pankhani ya mitundu yambiri ya monocytes ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito m'thupi, ochita kafukufuku akugwirabe ntchito, ndipo panopa pali zambiri zomwe zimadziwika ndi monocytes ya mouse kuposa ma monocytes a anthu.
Mawu akuti "kutupa" ndi "otsutsa-kutupa" amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulongosola anthu a monocytes, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za mapuloteni, kapena zopeza, zomwe zimapezeka kunja kwa maselowa. Sitikudziwikansobe mwa anthu, komabe, ndi ndalama zingati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitha kulowa mkati ndi kunja kwa ziphuphu, ndipo umboni umasonyeza kuti pangakhale mitundu ya monocytes yomwe ikhoza kugunda ndi kukumba, kapena phagocytize, othawa koma popanda kulimbikitsa kutupa.
Mu Spleen
Manocytes ambiri amakhulupirira kuti amasamukira m'thupi mwathu momwe angakhalire kapena amachititsa macrophages omwe amayesetsa kugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi matenda ndi kuyeretsa maselo akufa. Mphunoyi ili ndi mitundu yonse ya "mononuclear phagocytes," kuphatikizapo macrophages, maselo a dendritic ndi monocytes. Mwanjira iyi, mphala ikhoza kukhala malo otetezeka a chitetezo cha mthupi .
Immunity Immunity
Kutetezeka kwa chitetezo chobisika kumatanthawuza chitetezo chomwe mumabadwira nacho, osati chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri chimene mungachipeze, mutati, katemera kapena mutachira matenda opatsirana. Thupi la chitetezo cha m'thupi limagwira ntchito kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo phagocytosis ndi kutupa. Macrophages akhoza kugwira ntchito ya phagocytosis, njira yomwe iwo amapangira ndi kuononga zinyalala ndi othawa.
Angathe "kuchokapo" akale akale, akuchenjeza maselo ofiira a magazi motere. Macrophages m'mphuno amathandiza mwa kuyeretsa magazi a zinyalala ndi maselo akale, koma amathandizanso ma T-lymphocytes kuti adziwe othawa. Izi zikachitika, zimatchedwa antigen presentation. Gawo lotsirizira, mauthenga a antigen, ndi momwe masewera a chitetezo cha m'mimba amatha ndipo kumene adapeza kapena kuphunzira mthupi mwachisawawa amayamba.
Ma Monocyte Athandizira Kulimbana ndi Matenda M'njira Zosiyanasiyana
Kuchokera pamwamba, tikudziwa kuti ma monocyte ena amasintha kukhala macrophages m'matenda omwe ali ngati Pac-Man, omwe amatulutsa mabakiteriya, mavairasi, zinyalala, ndi maselo alionse omwe ali ndi kachilombo kapena odwala.
Poyerekezera ndi maseŵera omenyana ndi maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, ma T-cells, macrophages amapezeka nthawi yomweyo kuti azindikire ndikuukira vuto latsopano. Iwo amangokhala amakhala m'malo awo omwe amakonda kwambiri, kapena amatha kusamukira kumalo otentha kumene angafunike kulimbana ndi matenda.
Ma monocyte ena amasandulika kukhala maselo a dendritic m'magazi, kumene amagwira ntchito ndi Tymphocytes. Macrophages angathenso kupereka maantijeni kwa T-maselo, koma maselo osokonezeka akhala akuwoneka ngati akatswiri pankhaniyi.
Amadziunjikira kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi zinthu zina zakunja ndikuzipereka kwa T-maselo kuti athe kuziwona ndikupanga chitetezo cha mthupi kwa othawa. Monga macrophages, maselo a dendritic amatha kupereka maantijeni kwa maselo a T mu nkhani inayake, ngati kunena kuti, "Taonani izi, mukuganiza kuti tikuyenera kuchita zambiri za izi?"
Monocytes mu Matenda a Anthu
Pamene muli ndi mayeso a magazi a CBC omwe amawasiyanitsa, maselo oyera a monocytes amagazi amawerengedwa ndipo nambala imayimilidwa, komanso chiwerengero cha maselo oyera amagazi oyera ndi amodzi.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa monocytes kungakhale chifukwa cha matenda ndi mabakiteriya, bowa, kapena kachilombo. Zingakhalenso yankho kupsinjika. Nthawi zina, chiwerengero cha monocyte chokwera chingakhale chifukwa cha vuto lomwe thupi lanu limapanga maselo atsopano a magazi, ndipo nthawi zina, kuchulukitsidwa kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda, monga mtundu wina wa khansa ya m'magazi.
- Mankhwala otsika a monocytes amatha kuwona pambuyo pa chemotherapy , kawirikawiri chifukwa kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi kumakhala kochepa.
Mwa anthu, ma monocytes akhala akukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuopsya ndi kuphulika kwagulu kofulumira, kufooka kwa thupi, matenda a mtima, matenda opatsirana, ndi matenda omwe amadzimadzimadzi. Komabe, zimakhala bwanji kuti mitundu yambiri ya ma monocyte imachita matenda osiyanasiyana aumunthu akadali malo ofufuzira.
Monocytes ku Listeria
Listeria monocytogenes ndi mitundu ya mabakiteriya omwe angayambitse matenda a listeriosis. Malangizo a Listeria ndi amodzi mwa angapo omwe amaperekedwa pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, popeza dokotala amatha kuyambitsa matenda a meningitis; Amayi oyembekezera nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti asadye tchizi zofewa, zomwe zingakhale ndi listeria.
Zikuoneka kuti ma monocyte amatha kuthana ndi matenda, koma amatha kukhala "mahatchi a Trojan," potengera mabakiteriya mu ubongo, ndipo izi zimakhala zovuta ndi listeria. Listeria imalowa mkati mwa monocytes, koma ma monocytes sangathe kupha mabakiteriya ndikuchulukitsa.
Monocytes mu khansa ya m'magazi
Mzere wa maselo omwe amachititsa kuti ma monocytes akhale osokonezeka ndi kuchulukana kunja kwa ulamuliro. Kachilombo kamene kamakhala ndi khansa ya m'magazi, kapena "FAB subtype M5" pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi, ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya myelogenous leukemia . Mu M5, oposa 80 peresenti ya maselo osokonezeka ndi monocytes.
Mu matenda aakulu a myelomonocytic leukemia, kapena CMML, pali kuchuluka kwa ma monocytes ndi maselo a m'magazi m'magazi a mafupa ndi kumazungulira m'magazi. CMML ili ndi zigawo ziwiri zosiyana siyana za magazi, choncho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito gulu la World Health Organisation monga mgwirizano: myelodysplastic syndrome / myeloproliferative neoplasm , kapena MDS / MPN. Ikhoza kupita ku mitsempha yambiri ya myeloid m'magawo pafupifupi 15-30 peresenti ya odwala.
Maococytes mu Lymphoma ndi khansa zina
Ofufuza akupeza kuti ma monocyte angakhale ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi zotupa ndi makhalidwe a khansa a banja loyera la mitsempha ya magazi (matendawa amadziwika ngati matenda opatsirana pogonana).
Kukhalapo kwa macrophages ndi ntchito zawo mu zotupa zakhala zikugwirizana ndi kuchititsa maselo otupa kumanga magazi ndikuukira ndi kuyenda kudutsa magazi. M'tsogolomu, kupeza kumeneku kungapangitse mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa macrophages kuteteza mitsempha ndi kukula kwa chifuwa.
Kwa matenda osiyanasiyana, madokotala ena ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwamtundu wa monocyte monga chizindikiro cha chiopsezo, kapena kuwonetsa koopsa pamaso chithandizo. Kuchuluka kwa ma monocytes pamwamba pa malo ena kumagwirizana ndi zotsatira zosauka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi T-cell lymphomas ndi matenda a Hodgkin . Chiŵerengero cha lymphocyte to monocyte chingathandizenso odwala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu m'thupi lalikulu la B-cell lymphoma ndi khansa yosamalidwa yambiri.
Zotsatira:
Tadmor T (2013) Monocytes, Myeloid ya Monocytic Yachotsedwa Maselo ndi Lymphoma: Kodi Zomwe Zimagwira Ntchito Ndizofunika Kwambiri? J Leuk (Los Angel) 1: e103.
Eigenbrod T, Dalpke AH. J Immunol. Mabakiteriya RNA: Mphamvu Yosayembekezereka ya Mayankho Opanda Mthupi Opanda Phindu. 2015; 195 (2): 411-8.
Gui-Nan Lin, ndi. al. " Kufotokozera mwatchutchutchu kwa chiŵerengero cha pre-chemotherapy lymphocyte-monocyte chiwerengero kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansara yosawonongeka yapamtunda yomwe imalandira FOLFOX chemotherapy ." Chin J Cancer . 2016 Dec; 35: 5.