Kafukufuku Akuwulula Chifukwa Chake Katemera Akulephera Kuletsa Kuteteza
Kwa zaka zambiri, amakhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka HIV kanapitirirabe ku AIDS mwa njira yabwino kwambiri: kufalitsa thupi lonse ngati ma ARV, kudziphatika kwa maselo a chitetezo (makamaka CD4 + T-maselo ) ndi kulanda mawonekedwe awo kuti apange makope ambiri mwa iwoeni. Pochita zimenezi, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kufalitsa m'kati mwa dongosolo lonselo, kufalikira mu manambala mpaka maselo a T okwanira atha kusokoneza chitetezo cha mthupi (kutanthauzira kwa matenda a Edzi ).
Kafufufuku wopita patsogolo akusonyeza kuti izi siziri choncho, kapena osati matenda omwe takhala tikuganiza kale. Ndipotu, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, asayansi adayamba kuona kuti kachilombo ka HIV kangathenso kulengeza kuchokera ku selo kupita ku selo popanda kupanga kachilombo koyambitsa.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku Gladstone Institute of Virology ndi Immunology , ku San Francisco, ku United States, palipakati pa 100 ndi 1,000 zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa ma CD4 kuposa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Zitsanzo sizingathetse kapena kuchepetsa HIV.
Podzipatula kuchokera ku selo kupita ku kachilombo, kachilombo ka HIV kangayambitse kapangidwe ka maselo komwe maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi amadzipha mowirikiza. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 95 peresenti ya CD4 cell death imayambitsa motere, mosiyana ndi 5% yokha ndi kachilombo koyambitsa.
Kufotokozera Kutumiza kwa Cell-to-Cell
Kugwiritsa ntchito selo ndi selo kumtundu wa kachirombo ka HIV kumachitika kudzera mu zotchedwa "virological synapses," momwe selo yodwalayo imatsatira "selo" lolowetsa alendo ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni a tizilombo kuti iphwanya nembanemba. (Njirayi inagwidwa pavidiyo mu 2012 ndi asayansi ku UC Davis ndi Mount Sinai School of Medicine.)
Akadumphira, munthu amene amamenyana nawo amatha kugawa kachidutswa ka DNA, zomwe zimayambitsa ndondomeko yotchedwa pyroptosis yomwe selo imazindikira zizindikiro zoopsa ndipo pang'onopang'ono imakhala ikuphulika komanso ikuphulika, kudzipha yokha. Izi zikachitika, selo yotsekemera imatulutsa mapuloteni otentha omwe amatchedwa cytokines omwe amasonyeza kuti maselo ena amatetezedwa ku maselo omwe amawatsata.
Akatswiri ofufuza a Gladstone anatha kusonyeza kuti poletsa kutsegula kwa maselo-cell-through-chemical inhibitors, synaptic blockers, kapena ngakhale kupatukana maselo-CD4 selo imfa inaimitsidwa bwino. Anaganiza kuti kugonana kwa selo ndi maselo kunali "koyenera" kuti maselo am'thupi (ndi matenda) apite.
Zotsatira za Research
Chomwe chimapangitsa zotsatirazi kukhala zofunikira kwambiri ndikuti samangolongosola njira zowonongeka kwa CD4, komanso amaonanso zofooka zapachilombo ka katemera wamakono.
Mwachidziwikire, zitsanzo za katemera wa HIV zakhala zikuyesa kutetezera chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chizindikire ndi kuwononga mapuloteni a pamwamba pa kachilombo koyambitsa. Pamene kachilombo ka HIV kakufalikira kuchokera ku selo kupita ku selo, komabe sizingatheke kumenyana, kutetezedwa kuti asamangidwe kuchokera kumalo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, zitsanzo zatsopano ziyenera kuthandizira chitetezo cha m'thupi kuti chikhale chothandizira kupanga mapuloteni oyenera komanso / kapena kupanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angalepheretse kusintha. Ngati izi zingatheke, kuthekera kwa kachilombo ka HIV kudzakula kupita ku AIDS kungakhale kochepa kwambiri, kapena kuyimitsidwa.
Ngakhale kuti njira zowonetsera maselo ndi selo sizinamvetsetse bwino, zofukufukuzo zikuyimira kusintha kwakukulu kumvetsa kwathu momwe kachilombo ka HIV kakufalikira ku Edzi komanso kumatipatsa njira zothetsera HIV.
> Zotsatira:
Carr, J ;; Kutseka, H .; Li, P .; et al. "Mwamsanga ndi Mogwira Mtima Kutuluka kwa Cell-to-Cell ya Virus Immunodeficiency Virus Infection kuchokera ku Monocyte-Kuchokera Macrophages kupita ku Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes." Virology. December 20, 1999; 265 (2): 319-329.
Doitsh, G ;; Galloway, N .; ndi Geng, X. "Cell Death by Pyroptosis Ma CD4 T-Cell Kutayika mu HIV-1 Infection." Matenda. November 1, 2014; 134 (3): 509-514.
Galloway, N .; Doitsh, G ;; Monroe, K.; et al. "Kutumizirana kwa Cell-to-Cell kwa HIV-1 Kumayenera Kuyambitsa Mapuloteni a CD4 T Amene Amachotsa Mitsempha Yambirimbiri ya Lymphoid-Tissue." Malipoti a Cell. August 4, 2015; losindikizidwa pa intaneti; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.011.
University of California Davis Center ya Biophotonics Science ndi Technology. "Choyamba-Vuto Lililonse Limawonetsa Mmene HIV Imafalikira Pakati pa Maselo a Immune." Sacramento, California; Nkhani Yofalitsidwa Yatulutsidwa pa March 27, 2009.