Kudziwa Zizindikiro Ndi Njira Yoyamba Kuzipewa
Zizindikiro za HIV ndi zosiyana ndipo zimasiyana ndi siteji ya matenda. Zizindikiro zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda oyambirira ndi chifukwa cha momwe thupi limayankhira ndi kachilombo kaye, momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayambira pamaso pa munthu wamba. Zizindikiro zimakhala chifukwa cha kutupa kumene kumachitika pamene thupi likulimbana ndi matenda.
Zizindikiro za matendawa ndizosiyana. Izi zimachitika pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsa mphamvu ya chitetezo cha thupi, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwake kumenyana kunja kwa matenda. Kutsika kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kumayambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu (komanso chonchi) cha matenda omwe angathe. Zizindikiro zake ndizo zokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamapereka mwayi woti matendawa apitirire, zizindikiro zake zimachokera ku matenda enaake omwe amawathandiza .
Nthawi Yowonjezera
Pamene munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kupitirira nthawi ya masabata awiri kapena atatu. Panthawiyi, pamene kachilomboka kakufalikira mthupi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayambitsa yankho pogwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies oteteza. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi kuti adziwe komanso kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga HIV.
Kuyezetsa magazi masiku ano kumadalira kupezeka kwa ma antibodies (kapena kuphatikiza ma antibodies ndi antigen) kutsimikizira kuti matendawa achitika.
Ngati kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kakuchitidwa mofulumira kwambiri, pa nthawi yomwe amatchedwa zenera , kusowa kwa ma antibodies kungapereke zotsatira zowononga.
Seroconversion yapamwamba
Nthawi yotsitsimula imatengedwanso ndi siteji yambiri ya seroconversion , yomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimatetezedwa ndi kuthana ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimayendera matenda a seroconversion zingakhale zosavuta komanso mosavuta chifukwa cha chimfine. Kwa ena, kwenikweni, palibe zizindikiro. Kwa ena, komabe zotsatira zake zingakhale zowonjezereka komanso zosatha. Pafupi theka la omwe angatenge kachilombo ka HIV adzalandira zizindikiro zotsatirazi panthawi ya seroconversion yovuta:
- Fever
- Mutu
- Kutuluka kwa usiku
- Sungani
- Myalgia (kupweteka kwa thupi kapena kupweteka kwathunthu)
- Mphuno (mawonekedwe a maonekedwe a chizunguliro ndipo nthawi zambiri amafalitsidwa kuzungulira kumtunda kwa thupi ndi / kapena manja a manja)
Zizindikiro zina zimakhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'kamwa / zochepa, arthralgia (ululu wokhudzana pamodzi), ndi lymphadenopathy (kutupa kwa zilonda zam'mimba). Zambiri mwa zizindikirozi zidzathetsa pakati pa sabata imodzi pamwezi pafupipafupi, pamene lymphadenopathy nthawi zina imatha zaka zambiri.
AIDS (Yopeza Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Edzi (kapena kupeza matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi) ndi siteji ya matenda kumene chitetezo cha thupi chimatayika, kuti pakhale chitukuko chimene thupi lingalepheretse.
Poyamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira zowonetsera matenda, AIDS imatanthauzidwa ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention monga munthu wodwala HIV.
- CD4 chiwerengero cha ma cell 200 pansi pa microliter (μL), ndi / kapena;
- zokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Zinthu "zina "zi zimakhala ndi matenda enaake a m'mapapo, a m'mimba, ndi m'mimba komanso khansa ndi matenda ena omwe angakhudze anthu omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a chitetezo.
Pakali pano pali zoposa 25 za AIDS zomwe zikhoza kuchitika pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za matenda, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa CD4 200 / μL. Pokhapokha ngati mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV amayamba kugwira ntchito, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Edzi amatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zitatu.
Matenda Osakwanira ndi CD4 Count
CD4 chiwerengero ndi njira yomwe angayesere mphamvu ya thupi yoteteza mthupi monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chiwerengero cha maselo a CD4 oteteza.
Kawirikawiri, anthu okhala ndi CD4 a maselo / μL oposa 500 sakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Ziwerengero za CD4 zozolowereka zimatha kukhala paliponse pakati pa 500 mpaka 1600 maselo / μL. Nambala ikagwa pansi pa 500, mwayi wodwala umakula umawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa, omwe amawerengedwa ndi CD4 count, angaphatikizepo zotsatirazi.
CD4 count pakati pa 500 mpaka 250 maselo / μL:
- Candidiasis (kuphatikizapo mankhwala opatsirana ndi yisiti)
- Kaposi's sarcoma (pinki kapena purplish khungu zotupa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a HHV-8)
- Mphuno yotchedwa lealplakia ya mitsempha yamphongo (yoyera, yotulutsa mimba yotuluka ndi matenda a Epstein-Barr)
- Herpes zoster (shingles)
- Herpes simplex
- Matenda a bakiteriya (mosiyana ndi chibayo cha chibayo)
- Chifuwa chachikulu (kapena TB, matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mapapo)
CD4 chiwerengero pakati pa 250 ndi 100 maselo / μL:
- Pneumocystis jirovecii chibayo (PCP, matenda opatsirana m'mapapo)
- Khansara yowopsa ya khola lachiberekero
- Coccidioidomycosis (matenda a fungal, komanso otchedwa Valley Fever)
- Chifuwa chachikulu cha TB (chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chimapereka kunja kwa mapapo)
- Salmonella septicemia (kutentha thupi konse komwe kumayambitsa salmonella m'magazi)
- Esophageal candidiasis (thrush of theophagus)
CD4 chiwerengero pakati pa 100 ndi 50 maselo / μL:
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (kapena NHL; gulu la khansa limene limapezeka mumaselo oyera a magazi)
- Toxoplasmosis (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatha kukhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi)
- Kachilombo ka HIV (komwe kumatchedwanso matenda a AIDS dementia)
- Mapulogalamu amphamvu kwambiri a leukoencephalopathy (PML; matenda opatsirana a ubongo)
- Cryptococcosis (matenda a fungal omwe angakhudze mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi)
- Cystoisoporiasis (matenda opatsirana a m'matumbo)
CD4 chiwerengero cha pansi pa maselo 50 / μL:
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV, mtundu wa herpes-mtundu umene ungakhudze mtundu wa maso kapena maso)
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC, matenda a bakiteriya nthawi zambiri m'mapapo kapena m'matumbo)
- Histoplasmosis (matenda opatsirana kwambiri m'mapapo)
- Maziko aakulu CNS lymphoma (khansa yomwe imakhudza pakatikati zamanjenje)
- HIV yowononga matenda (osadziwika, olemetsa kwambiri kuphatikizapo kufooka ndi kutsekula m'mimba)
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Zizindikiro zonse-kapena kuti alibe zizindikiro-zimasonyeza ngati kachilombo ka HIV kapezeka. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, pitani ku chipatala chapafupi, kuchipatala kapena kuyenda-pakati pa kuyesedwa kwa HIV.
Poyesera oyambirira ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera HIV , anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV amachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha matenda okhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV poonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi nthawi yeniyeni ya moyo .
> Zotsatira:
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection ndi Nkhani Yowonjezera Yowunika Tanthauzo la Edzi Pakati pa Achinyamata ndi Achikulire." Kufa ndi Makhalidwe Abwino Sabata Sabata. December 18, 1992; 41 (RR-17).
Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zaumunthu (DHHS). "Malangizo othandizira kugwiritsa ntchito antiretroviral ogonana ndi HIV-1-Odwala akuluakulu ndi Achinyamata." Rockville, Maryland.
Gulu Lophunzira la INSIGHT START. Kuyamba kwa Antiretroviral Therapy mu Matenda Oyamba Akumayambitsa HIV. " New England Journal of Medicine, July 20, 2015; DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.