Cystoisosporiasis (kale ankadziwika kuti isosporiasis) ndi matenda osadziwika bwino a matumbo a m'matumbo omwe amachitidwa ndi US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monga chikhalidwe chofotokozera za Edzi . Kufala kwapadziko lonse kumakhala kosiyana, ndipo matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'madera otentha kapena m'madera otentha (makamaka Caribbean, Central America ndi South Africa).
Pakufika kwa mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV (ART) , cystoisosporiasis imakhala yosawerengeka pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV m'mayiko otukuka. Komabe, kuphulika kwina kwakhala kwatchulidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka chifukwa chobwerera obwerera kapena obwera kuchokera ku madera otentha.
Causal Agent
Cystoisosporiasis imayambitsidwa ndi Cystoisospora belli ( C. belli ), matumbo a m'mimba omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) ndi Cryptosporidium .
( T. gondii ndi Cryptosporidium ndi omwe amachititsa zinthu zina zosiyana siyana za AIDS, toxoplasmosis ya ubongo ndi cryptosporidiosis , motsatira.)
Njira yotumizira
Anthu ndi okhawo omwe amadziwika ndi C. belli , omwe amadwala chifukwa cha chakudya kapena madzi omwe asokonezedwa ndi nyansi zochokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo. Kutumiza kupyolera mu kugonana kwa-oral-anal ("rimming") ndi kotheka.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zimatha kwa milungu ingapo ndipo zimapweteketsa m'mimba komanso zimatulutsa kutsekula m'mimba, kuphatikizapo kufooka komanso kutentha thupi.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, zizindikirozi zingapitirire kuwonongeka kwa madzi, kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena chithunzithunzi ngati sichikuchitidwa.
Mwa anthu omwe alibe mphamvu, matenda a C. belli nthawi zambiri amatha kupuma.
Kudziwa
Kufotokozera zachipatala sikudziwikiratu ndi cryptosporidiosis ndipo kumafuna kuyesa kachipangizo kakang'ono ka chitsanzo cha wodwalayo (kapena, nthawi zina, chidziwitso cha m'matumbo) kuti atsimikizidwe.
Chithandizo
Cystoisosporiasis nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi sulfa, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ).
Anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zodziletsa, cystoisosporiasis ndi matenda omwe amadziletsa okhaokha ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuthetsa masiku angapo ochiritsira. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamene ali ndi maselo a CD4 pansi pa maselo 150 / μL ambiri amachitapo kanthu mochepa ndipo amatha kubwerera kachiwiri kamodzi kokha ataimitsidwa. Zikatero, moyo-long prophylaxis wa TMP-SMZ ungasonyezedwe.
Epidemiology
Cystoisosporiasis imapezeka mu Africa, Australia, Caribbean, Latin America ndi Southeast Asia. M'mayiko ena, monga Haiti, anthu pafupifupi 15% ali ndi kachilombo ka C. belli. Pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (CD4 count pansi pa 200 maselo / ml), mlingowu ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, ukuwombera pafupifupi 40%.
Kuyenda kwa mayiko kwapangitsa kuti kufalikira kwachilendo kudutse m'madera ena, ndi kuphulika kumodzi ku Los Angeles kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1992. Pa nthawiyi, matendawa adatsimikiziridwa makamaka m'madera a ku Puerto Rico komanso pafupifupi anthu onse omwe anali ndi AIDS. Kukula kunayamba pakati pa 5-7%.
Posachedwapa, anthu okhala mu mzinda wa Atlanta amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka C. belli m'chaka cha July 2015, ndipo munthu mmodzi atabwerera kuchokera ku ulendo wopita ku Kenya.
Mayiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa, omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa kwambiri adadulidwa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa TMP-SMZ, mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa monga prophylaxis pofuna kuteteza matenda a pneumocystis (PCP) mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.
Kutchulidwa: sis-to-eye-so-spore-EYE-uh-sis
Komanso: Isoporiasis
Zotsatira:
Zachigawo za US za Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "Zowonjezera A - Mafotokozedwe a Edzi." Atlanta, Georgia; idatsimikiziridwa mobwereza November 20, 2008.
Heyworth, M. "Matenda achilengedwe m'magulu osamvetsetseka. Cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, ndi strongyloidiasis." Zipatala za Gastroenterology za kumpoto kwa America. 1996; 25 (3): 691-707.
Lagrange-Xélot, M .; Porcher, R .; Sarfati, C .; et al. "Isosporiasis kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV mu nthawi yothandizira ma ARV." HIV Mankhwala. February 2008; 9 (2): 126-130.
Guiguet, M .; Furco, A .; Tattevin, P .; et al. "Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV: matenda ndi zifukwa zomwe zimachitika ku French Hospital Database za HIV." HIV Mankhwala. March 2007; 8 (2): 124-130.
Sorvillo, F .; Lieb, L .; Seidel, J ;; et al. "Epidemiology of isosporiasis pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a immunodeficiency in Los Angeles County." Magazini ya American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . December 1995; 53 (6): 656-9.
Petchenik, M. "Madokotala amakhulupirira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osadabwitsa ku Atlanta." Tsiku; inasindikizidwa pa July 15, 2015.
DeHovitz, J ;; Pape, J .; Boncy, M .; et al. "Machitidwe ndi zipatala za matenda a Isospora belli amachiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a immunodeficiency." New England Journal of Medicine . July 10, 1986; 315 (2): 87-90.