Kumvetsetsa Cachexia m'matenda a khansa

Zizindikiro, Kufunika, ndi Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Cachexia

Cachexia ndi chizoloŵezi chofala cha khansara (ndi zina zochiza matenda monga HIV / Edzi) zomwe zimamveka kuti ndizochititsa kuti 20 peresenti ya anthu akufa ku khansa ku United States . Izi zati, sizimapezeka kawirikawiri kufikira zitakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Kodi chithunzithunzi ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zake ndi chiyani, nanga zimayambitsa chiyani, ndipo zimatani?

Mwachidule

Cachexia ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi zizindikiro za kuchepa kwadzidzidzi, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kuperewera kwa njala. Pakakhala pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yapaderayi, akuganiza kuti zimapereka mwachindunji kwa 20 peresenti ya imfa za khansa .

Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za cachexia zimadziwika mochedwa patatha khansa, tikuphunzira kuti njira yomwe imayambitsa kupweteka kwa mitsempha imayamba kumayambiriro pambuyo pozindikira kuti ali ndi khansa. Momwemo, chachexia kawirikawiri imakhalapo musanayambe kulemera kulikonse .

Nthaŵi zina cachexia imatchedwa paraneoplastic syndrome , yomwe imangotanthauza zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi khansa kapena momwe thupi limayendera khansa. Zingamveke kuti chisaxia chiyenera kuchitidwa mosavuta pang'onopang'ono, koma mankhwala amathawa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chachexia ndizosafunikira kokha mthupi.

Kuyanjana ndi Khansa

Cachexia imawoneka kawirikawiri ndi khansa komanso imapezeka ndi matenda monga AIDS / HIV, mtima wosagwedera , emphysema , ndi impso kulephera. Pankhani ya khansa, imapezeka kawirikawiri ndi khansara yamapapo , kansa ya pancreatic , ndi khansa ya m'mimba.

Cakexia imangowonjezera moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi khansara, koma imasokoneza khalidwe la moyo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi cachexia sangathe kulekerera mankhwala, monga chemotherapy , ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zina. Kwa omwe achita opaleshoni , vuto la postoperative ndilofala. Cachexia imayambitsanso kufooka kwa khansa , chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zowopsya kwambiri za khansa.

Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro zazikulu za cachexia ndizo:

• Kutaya kwadzidzidzi (mosadziletsa) kulemera kwa thupi: Kulemera kwa thupi ndi chikhomo ndizosasamala, kutanthauza kuti zimachitika popanda kuyesera. Komabe zimapitirira kuposa kuperewera kosafuna mwangozi. Kulemera kwa thupi kungakhalepo ngakhale kuti mukupeza makilogalamu okwanira m'thupi lanu, ndipo ngati kalori imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
• Kutupa kwa mitsempha: Kutaya minofu ndi chizindikiro cha chachexia ndipo kumachitika ndi kutayika kwa mafuta. Zingakhalenso zosayenera. Kwa anthu omwe ali onenepa kwambiri panthaŵi yomwe akudziŵa, kutayika kwakukulu kwa minofu kumatheka popanda kuonekera kwa kunja kwa kulemera kwa thupi.
• Anorexia / kuthetsa njala: Kutaya njala ndi chizindikiro china cha chachexia, ndipo kachiwiri, chizindikiro ichi n'chosiyana ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka. Ndi cachexia, sikuti kungokhala kuchepa kwa chilakolako cha chakudya, koma kuwonongeka kwa chilakolako chodya.
• Kugonjetsa umoyo wa moyo: Kusokonezeka kwa misala kungachepetse mphamvu yanu yoyenda ndikuchita nawo ntchito zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa.

Zimayambitsa

Cachexia ingayambidwe ndi "zinthu zotupa" - zinthu zopangidwa ndi zobisika ndi chotupa, kapena ndi "kuyankhidwa kwa alendo." Kuyankha mwachidwi kungotanthawuza kuyankha kwa thupi ku chotupa. Yankho la chitetezo cha mthupi ku khansa ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa katemera zimayesedwa pofuna kuyesa ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo.

Cachexia imayang'aniridwa ndi kagayidwe kamene kamayambitsa matenda. Ngati mukuganiza za chikhalidwe cha metabolism kukhala kumanga minofu ndi minofu (anabolic kagayidwe kake), chosiyana ndi chachexia, chomwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi.

Kufufuza

Pali njira zambiri zomwe chachexia ikhoza kuyesedwa.

Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Mndandanda wa misala ya thupi (BMI): Mndandanda wa misala ya thupi sikulongosola kokha thupi lokha koma ungapereke zambiri zokhudzana ndi kulemera kwa thupi. BMI ikuwerengedwa pogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko ya kutalika ndi kulemera.
• Minofu yowonda: Kuyeza thupi kumathandiza kudziwa chiŵerengero cha minofu yowonda thupi. Mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zimenezi angaphatikizepo zikopa za khungu ndi zinyama.
• Zakudya zolimbitsa chakudya: Kusunga diary chakudya ndi ntchito yofunikira pamene mukuyang'ana kuti mupewe kapena kupirira chachexia. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi kumeneku kungatheke ngakhale kudya zakudya zokwanira.
• Mayesero a magazi: Mayeso ena a ma labwino omwe amawunika kuyeza kachesi amakhala ndi zoyera za maselo a magazi (WBC), serum albumin, ngazi ya transfronti, uric acid, ndi zizindikiro zotupa, monga mapuloteni a C-reactive (CRP) .

Chithandizo

Kuchiza njira zoyenera mpaka pano zakhala zokhumudwitsa, ndipo ngakhale ndi zakudya zokwanira za calorie, n'zovuta kubwezeretsa chachexia. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikulimbikitsa "njira za anabolic" (ndiko, kumanga misempha) poletsa "njira zamagulu" (zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa minofu). Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Chakudya: Mosiyana ndi zomwe zingawoneke bwino, kusinthanitsa ndi kuziwonjezera zakudya mu zakudya sizinapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu mu matenda a cachexia. Izi zikuti, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti anthu athane ndi khansa (ndi zinthu zofanana zomwe zimayambitsa katemera) akhale ndi zakudya zabwino. Mfundo yofunikira yomwe muyenera kukumbukira ndi yakuti ngati wina sanadye chakudya kwa nthawi ndithu, adzalowera pang'onopang'ono. Ngati makilogalamu akukankhidwa mofulumira kwambiri, zotsatira zotchedwa "overfeeding syndrome" zingachitike. Pamene kudya sikungatheke (kapena kuchepa) pamlomo, chubu chodyetsa chingakonzedwe .
• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Ndizofunikira ngati zakudya zitha kupezeka kudzera mu chakudya, koma tikudziwa kuti sizinali choncho nthawi zonse. Mafuta a nsomba ayesedwa kuti athe kuthana ndi matenda enaake (koma osati onse) akusonyeza kuti zingakhale zothandiza. Phunziro limodzi, kuwonjezera powonjezerapo ufa wa eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) , imodzi mwa atatu omega-3 mafuta acids omwe anthu amadya ndi kudya nsomba, amachepetsa miyendo yotupa yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi cachexia. Zowonjezera za EPA zinalumikizidwanso ndi mafupipafupi odwala chipatala komanso zochepa zolimbana ndi matenda.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Zingamveke ngati zachilendo, koma ntchito yowonjezereka (ngati ikhoza) ingathandize. Phindu lodziwika bwino la masewera olimbitsa thupi likuwonjezeka, koma kupirira kupirira kungapitirize kudya zakudya zowonjezera kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa minofu yomwe imawonedwa ndi chisaxia.
• Mankhwala: Mankhwala ambili ndi mankhwala owonjezera omwe ayesedwa chifukwa cha chachexia popanda kupindula pang'ono ndi awa:
  • Megace (megestrol)
  • Thalidomide
  • Zyloprim (allopurinol)
  • Celebrex (celecoxib)
  • L-Carnitine
  • Medroxyprogesterone
  • Testosterone
  • Chimanga ndi Marinol

Tsogolo la Chithandizo cha Cachexia

Mankhwala ambili amapezeka m'mayesero owonetsa kuti akuthandiza anthu kuthana ndi zizindikiro za chisaxia. Zina mwa izi ndizo mayesero atatu - zofufuza zomwe zimayesa mankhwala kapena ndondomeko zomwe zakhala zikuwoneka ngati zotetezeka komanso zothandiza. Pakalipano, ndipo atapatsidwa kuti chachexia imayambira nthawi yayitali isanaonekere pa kuunika kwa thupi, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi vutoli mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga khansa ya m'mapapo mwamsanga mutatha kuchipatala.

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