Tanthauzo: Microsporidiosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amachitidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa launicellular, microsporidia . Matendawa, omwe angakhudze matumbo a m'mimba ndi ziwalo zina za thupi, nthawi zambiri amawoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, monga omwe ali ndi HIV . Kawiri kawiri, kachilombo kamapezeka pamene CD4 ya munthuyo ikutsika pansi pa maselo 100 / mL.
Ngakhale kuti microsporidiosis nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za m'mimba, kuphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba komanso kuwononga , mitundu ina ya microsporidia ikhoza kukhudza impso, mapapo, sinuses, maso ndi dongosolo lachitsikiti.
Poyambirira ankaganiza kuti ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, patapita kafukufuku wa mafuko anatsimikizira microsporidia kukhala membala wa ufumu wa fungi. Pakalipano pali mitundu 14 ya microsporidia yomwe imadziwika kuti imapatsira anthu.
Kulipira kwapakati
Umboni wamakono ukuwoneka kuti ukufala kwa microsporidiosis pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi otsika, pafupifupi 1.6%. Komabe, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kufalikira kwa matenda a microsporidial m'masewerowa omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zolepheretsa kutsekula m'mimba ndizowonjezera 39%.
Njira Zotumizira
Kutumiza kwa microsporidia kumakhalabebe zomveka bwino, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku akuwoneka kuti fungal spores akhoza kulowetsedwa, kutsekedwa, kapenanso kupyola minofu yowopsya ya mucosal (monga diso).
Pa matendawa, spores imakula mkati mwa cytoplasm (mwachitsanzo, madzi a mkati) maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ndipo mitundu yina-monga Encephalitozooan intestinalis - imakhudza kwambiri kutsekula m'mimba, pamene ena-monga Encephalitozoon cuniculi - amakhudza impso ndi ndondomeko ya mitsempha yapakati.
Zizindikiro za Microsporidiosis
Ngakhale kuti anthu omwe ali ndi umoyo wabwino wathanzi akhoza kupezeka ndi microsporidiosis, mobwerezabwereza, matendawa amapezeka kwa omwe ali ndi AIDS .
Poyambitsa matenda a m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba ndi kuwonongeka kumawonekera nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri popanda kutentha thupi, kutupa kapena kutentha thupi. Nthaŵi zambiri, zizindikiro sizidziwikiratu ndi za cystoisosporiasis ndi cryptosporidiosis .
Zizindikiro zikhoza kukhala zosiyana (malingana ndi mtundu uti wa microsporidia womwe uli ndi kachilombo ka HIV) ndipo ungaphatikizepo:
- Kuwotcha, kupuma ndi kugwira ntchito kupuma
- Matenda am'madzi otsekemera
- Kufooka kwa thupi ndi kupweteka
- Mutu ndi migraines
- Masomphenya osalimba, kumva mphamvu, kumva ululu, kupweteka kwambiri
- Kusokonezeka kwapadera, ululu wa sinus
- Kutupa ndulu
Kuzindikira kwa Microsporidiosis
Kusanthula kwa microsporidiosis kumathandizidwa ndi kuwonetsera zizindikiro za kuchipatala ndi matenda a symptomatology; Zomwe zisanayambe kuyesedwa (kuyesedwa kovomerezeka za mwayi wa matenda mwa munthu); ndi kuunika kwa nyansi, mkodzo, minofu ya thupi, kapena madzi ena.
Kujambula microscopy yamagetsi, ngakhale kuti ndi yokwera mtengo, ingapereke chitsimikizo chotsimikizirika mwa kuzindikiritsa bwino microsporidia spores. Mosiyana, galasi yawonetsa kuwala kwa microscope ikuwonekeratu kuti ikugwira ntchito pozindikiritsa kulowera kwa spore.
Genetic PCR (polymerase chain reaction) mayesero alipo kwa chizindikiritso cha microsporidia, koma pafupifupi mwapangidwe kafukufuku okha.
Kuchiza kwa Microsporidiosis
Monga microsporidiosis nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi kutetezedwa kwambiri kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, imalangizidwa kuti mankhwala ochepetsa antiretroviral (MAP) ayenera kuperekedwa ngati gawo la zoyamba kuchita.
Mankhwala a azole, albendazole, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza microsporidia, makamaka ndi mitundu yofanana ndi E. intestinalis , ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti sagwira bwino ntchito zochizira mitundu ina. Itraconazole imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi albendazole m'magazi omwe amafalitsidwa (ie, pamene afalikira kupyola tsamba loyambirira).
Antifungal fumagillin imatengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino, ndipo maphunziro ena akusonyeza kuti zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri pa matenda a E. bienusi .
Komabe, sizipezeka kuti zitheke kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States. Madontho a fumagillin amatha kupezeka ndi matenda opatsirana, ngakhale kuti akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mogwirizana ndi albendazole therapy.
Chonde dziwani kuti kugwiritsa ntchito albendazole pakali pano sikunayamikiridwe pa nthawi yoyamba ya mimba chifukwa cha kuyesedwa kwa nyama zomwe zimapereka chiopsezo cha zolepheretsa kubereka. Panopa palibe deta yokwanira yogwiritsira ntchito albendazole mukutenga mimba.
Kupewa Microsporidiosis
Monga momwe etiology (chifukwa) cha microsporidiosis sichidziwikiratu bwino, akulangizidwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi amatsata ndondomeko zofanana za cystoisosporiasis, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupeŵa madzi osatulutsidwa, nyama yaiwisi, kapena chakudya chofiira.
Kutchulidwa: mi-kro-spo-rid-ee-OH-suhs
Zotsatira:
Keeling, P .; ndi Madhani, H. "Mafunso asanu pa Microsporidia". PLoS | Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. September 2009; 5 (9): e1000489.
Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Umoyo ku United States (DHHS). "Malangizo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuchiza Matenda Opanda Opatsirana Achikulire Odwala HIV ndi Achinyamata - Microsporidiosis." Rockville, Maryland; zasinthidwa pa May 7, 2013
Dworkins, M .; Buskin, S .; Davidson, A .; et al. "Kukula kwa Intestinal Microsporidiosis M'matenda Achilengedwe Odwala Matenda a Edzi omwe Ali ndi Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kutsekula Kumimba ku Major Mizinda ya United States." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. November-December 2007; 49 (6): 339-342.
Kotler, D. ndi Orenstein, J. "Kukula kwa Intestinal Microsporidiosis mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV Kumatanthawuza Kufufuza kwa Zachilengedwe." American Journal of Gastroenterology. November 1994; 89 (11): 1998-2002.
Molina, J ;; Tourneur, M .; Sarfati, C .; et al. "Fumagillin Kuchiza kwa Intestinal Microsporidiosis". New England Journal of Medicine. June 2002: 346 (25): 196319699.