Kufalikira ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matenda a matendawa pofuna kufotokoza kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto linalake (monga HIV ). Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV chikudziwika poyerekeza chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali mu gulu la anthu (mwachitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha AAfrica Achimwenye omwe ali ndi HIV akukhala mumzinda wa New York City).
Kufala kumatchulidwa kawirikawiri monga peresenti (%).
Mu HIV, kufalikira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ndi otsogolera kuti azindikire kulemetsa kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'madera ena ndi / kapena magulu a anthu. Magulu a anthu akhoza kukhala osiyana ndi mtundu, chikhalidwe, zaka, kugonana, chikhalidwe cha zachuma, chikhalidwe cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kuphatikiza chilichonse kapena zonsezi.
Kuwonjezeka kumayambitsa chiopsezo cha matenda omwe akukula pakapita nthawi. Chiwerengero chafika poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha mavoti atsopano omwe atchulidwa panthawi inayake ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu onse. Chiwerengerocho chingathe kufotokozera chiwerengero (mwachitsanzo 45 milandu kuchokera pa anthu 1,000) kapena peresenti (4.5%).
Kachilombo ka HIV, chiwerengerochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulingalira ngati chiopsezo cha HIV (kapena matenda okhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV) kakuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa mkati mwa gulu lina, kawirikawiri pachaka.
Ochita kafukufuku amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti aone ngati kusintha kwa chinthu china (mwachitsanzo, kupeza chithandizo, ndondomeko ya boma) kungasinthe ngozi m'magulu a anthu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kufotokozera za chiopsezo kudzera mu kusanthula kwa chidziwitso kumapereka mwayi woyenera wopatsidwa.
Pazofunika kwambiri, kufalikira kumafotokozera apa ndi tsopano, pamene chiwonetsero chikufotokoza zomwe zidzakhale.
Zitsanzo
Mwachitsanzo, anthu 5,600,000 ku South Africa anaganiza kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV mu 2009. Pokhala ndi chiwerengero cha anthu 53 miliyoni, kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi South Africa kunanenedwa kuti ndi 10.6%. Poyang'ana mwachindunji akuluakulu a zaka zapakati pa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu (49), amawona kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri amakhala pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse. Kuwonjezeka kumawonjezeka kufika 17.3% (chiwerengero cha bungwe la World Health Organisation).
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa amuna omwe agonana ndi amuna (MSM) ku San Francisco m'chaka cha 2006 chinali 1,75%, chifukwa cha matenda opitirira 772 mwa anthu 44,138 omwe alibe HIV. Poyamba ndondomeko za umoyo watsopano zokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu mu 2010 (zomwe zinaphatikizapo chithandizo chonse cha matenda odwala matendawa ), chiwerengero chawo chinatsikira ku 1,27% chaka cha 2011. Pokhala ndi MSM mitengo ikukwera m'midzi yayikulu yambiri ya ku America, kusintha kwa chiwerengerocho kunawoneka kukhala kofunika ndikuwonetseratu kuti mphamvu zatsopanozi zikugwira ntchito bwino.
Ku US
Kuchokera m'malingaliro a padziko lonse, pamene kuchulukana ndi chiwerengero cha kachirombo ka HIV kangathe kusiyana pakati pa mayiko, pali chiyanjano pakati pa matenda ndi momwe dziko likuyendera mliriwo m'malire ake.
Mwachitsanzo, pamene matenda oposa 1.2 miliyoni ku US akhoza kuwoneka poyerekeza ndi manambala omwe amapezeka mu chitukukocho, kufalikira ndi chiwerengero cha matendawa kumapanga chithunzi chosiyana kwambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi maiko ena ambiri, mayiko a US ali ndi chiwerengero choposa (0,6%) ndi chiwerengero (15.3 pa 100,000).
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchuluka kwa maiko ochuluka kwambiri kumakhala pansi pa 0.3%, pamene chiŵerengero cha chiŵerengero chakumadzulo chili pafupi ndi theka lomwe likuwona ku US (6.3 pa 100,000).
Tikuyembekeza kuti zopindulitsa zaposachedwapa zingasinthe miyambo ku US, ngakhale kuti kuchepa ndi kusungika pakati pa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri ( African Americans , amuna omwe agonana ndi amuna angapitirizebe kupatsirana kachilombo ka HIV.
Zotsatira:
United Nations Joint Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Chidziwitso cha Epidemiological - South Africa." Geneva, Switzerland; 2009.
McFarland, W. "Epi-Update ya San Francisco - Numeri." Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku San Francisco. November 29, 2006; Kuwonetsera kwa Powerpoint.
Bajko, M. "HIV ikupitirizabe kubwerera ku SF." Bay Area Reporter. Lofalitsidwa March 24, 2011.
Raymond, A .; Hill, A .; ndi Pozniak, A. "Kusiyana kwakukulu pa chithandizo cha kachirombo ka HIV kumadutsa pakati pa mayiko asanu ndi atatu a ku Ulaya ndi omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri - kusanthula mfundo zopuma."; Msonkhano Wadziko lonse wa mankhwala ozunguza bongo mu HIV; Glasgow, Scotland; November 2-6, 2014; O237.