Genetics, Chiŵerengero cha Anthu Amapereka Chidziwitso ku HIV Ya Nthawi Zonse Osati Kupitilira
Pamaso pa munthu aliyense wodwala matenda opatsirana ( tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ), thupi lathu lingathe kuyankha m'njira zikuluzikulu ziwiri: lingathe kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kulekerera.
Kuteteza kwa tizilombo kumatanthawuza kuteteza chitetezo cha thupi chimene thupi limapha ndi kusatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuvomereza kwachirombo ndi thupi limene thupi silingamenyane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda koma limangowonjezera kuwonongeka kumeneku.
Pofuna kulolera tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo, kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'malo mogonjetsa nthendayi, matendawa amayamba pang'onopang'ono kwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka ngakhale pamene pulojeniyo yayamba kwambiri.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda olekerera, thupi limakhalabe labwino kwambiri, limatulutsa ma antibodies ndi kuteteza maselo a T pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kuphatikizapo CD4 T-cells zomwe zimayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi).
Pochita zimenezi, matenda omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV angapite patsogolo mofulumira kwambiri, chifukwa mwa zina, ma CD4 + T-maselo ambiri amawopsa. Pang'onopang'ono, monga kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kuthetseratu maselo a T "othandizira ," chitetezo cha mthupi chimatayika kuti chikhale chopanda chitetezo.
Anthu omwe ali ndi chikhulupiliro chokwanira amatha kusintha njira yeniyeni yotetezera chitetezo cha mthupi, nthawi zambiri amalola kuti matendawa asakhale ochepa kapena osapitirira.
Kumvetsetsa kupirira kwa HIV
Kulekerera kwa HIV sikudamvetsetse bwino koma kufufuza kwowonjezereka kwapangitsa asayansi kudziwa momwe anthu ena akulimbana ndi kachilomboko kuposa ena.
Mu September 2014, ofufuza ochokera ku Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ku Zurich adasanthula deta kuchokera ku phunziro lopitiliza la Swiss HIV Cohort, adayamba mu 1988, ndipo adayang'ana odwala 3,036 kuti athe kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa nthendayi ya ma ARV. chiwerengero cha mavairasi chimawongolera matenda oopsa) ndi kuchepa kwa CD4 + T-maselo .
Pochita izi, ochita kafukufuku adatha kufotokozera kuti munthu ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV (monga momwe amayendera ndi chiwerengero cha mavairasi) ndi kulekerera ku kachirombo ka HIV (monga kuyeza ndi kuchuluka kwa CD4 kuchepa). Mwachidule, pang'onopang'ono kuchepa kwa kuchepa, kumakhala kolekerera kwambiri kwa HIV.
Mwa kuphatikiza mfundo izi ndi chiwerengero cha wodwalayo ndi ma genetic, asayansi ankayembekeza kupeza zowonjezereka zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito ndondomeko yeniyeni yokhudzana ndi kulekerera kwa HIV.
Zimene Ofufuza aphunzira
Ngakhale kuti kafukufukuyo sanakhazikitse kusiyana kwa momwe abambo ndi amai amalekerera kachilombo ka HIV (ngakhale kuti amayi ali ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kawiri kawiri), zaka zakhala ndi gawo lalikulu, ndi kuleza mtima pang'onopang'ono ngati munthu wa zaka 20 mpaka 40 kenaka ngakhale patapita zaka 40 mpaka 60. Ndipotu, panthaŵi yomwe munthu adakwanitsa zaka 60, matendawa amawoneka kuti akupita patsogolo kawiri kawiri ngati ya mwana wazaka 20.
Kafukufukuyu adasonyezanso kuti panalibe mgwirizano woonekera pakati pa kukana kachirombo ka HIV ndi kulekerera kwa munthu wodwalayo-kuti kulekerera ndi kukana kungagwiritse ntchito paokha kapena pamodzi. Nthawi zambiri pamene iwo ankagwira ntchito pamtunda, momwe kachilombo ka tizilombo kochepa kamene kanali kuyenda ndi kuchepa kwa CD4, kuchepa kwa matenda kawirikawiri kunali kofulumira kwambiri kutanthauzira munthu ameneyo monga woyang'anira wamkulu, wokhoza kulekerera kachirombo ka HIV kwa zaka zambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana .
Poyang'ana zofunikira za chibadwidwe, ochita kafukufukuwo adatha kuzindikira kuti chibadwa sichinayende bwino pa momwe munthu amavomerezera kapena kutsutsa kachilombo ka HIV, kutsimikizira kuti aliyense ali ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino.
Zomwe iwo apeza, komabe, inali yeniyeni yapadera, HLA-B , yomwe inakhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi kulekerera / kukana kachirombo ka HIV. Jini, lomwe limapereka malangizo kuti apange mapuloteni ofunikira ku chitetezo cha mthupi, amawoneka kuti amasiyana kwambiri pakati pa gulu la kachilombo ka HIV. Zina mwa mitundu yonse ya HLA-B (alleles) inagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi HIV, pamene mitundu ina imagwirizanitsa ndi kulekerera kwambiri.
Komanso, mwa anthu omwe amasiyana mofanana ndi geni la HLA-B (homozygotes), kupititsa patsogolo kwa matenda kunkawoneka mofulumira. Zosiyana ndizo zinkaoneka mwa iwo omwe ali ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mahekesi (heterozygotes). Ngakhale kuti chidziwitso cha deta chikukakamiza, sizikudziwikiratu bwino momwe zikhalidwezi zimakhudzidwira chochitika ichi.
Ofufuzawo adawonetsanso kuti maulendo ena a HLA-B angayambe kupititsa patsogolo matenda mwa kusunga thupi m'thupi lomwe limapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopitirirabe, zomwe zimachititsa kutupa kosalekeza komwe kungapangitse machitidwe ambirimbiri m'thupi.
Mwa kumvetsetsa bwino njirazi, zimatchulidwa kuti asayansi amatha kuwongolera, kulola kuti anthu athe kupirira kachilombo ka HIV pochepetsa kuchepa kwachitetezo chochitidwa ndi kutsegula kwa thupi / matenda opatsirana.
Zotsatira:
Regoes, R .; McLaren, P .; Battegay, M .; et al. "Kulepheretsa Kulekerera kwa Anthu ndi Kutsutsana ndi Kachilombo ka HIV." PLoS | Biology. September 16, 2014; 12 (9): e1001951.