Zolemba za CDC Zochitika Zotsutsana ndi Vutoli Zokhudza Kugonana Kwa Amuna Amitundu Yambiri
Pa February 23, 2016, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) adatulutsa lipoti loyamba lachidziwitso lofufuza moyo wawo wonse wa HIV ku US ndi boma, komanso anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu okhala kumwera (dera lodziwika kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV) anawoneka kuti ali pangozi yaikulu ya moyo.
Chomwe chinadabwitsa kwambiri chinali chakuti amuna amodzi omwe ali ndi chigawenga-omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi mwayi wodzitenga kachirombo ka HIV nthawi zonse, mosasamala za msinkhu kapena malo.
Lipoti la CDC, lomwe linalongosola dera lonse lakafukufuku wa HIV kuchokera mu 2009 mpaka 2013, linapitiriza kufotokozera kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha matendawa poganizira za chiopsezo chogonana, mtundu, mtundu,
- Amuna achiwerewere ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaonedwa kuti ali ndi chiopsezo cha moyo wa mmodzi mwa khumi ndi anayi.
- Amuna amtundu wapakati pa amuna amodzi amawoneka kuti ali ndi chiopsezo cha 20 pa moyo wawo (poyerekezera ndi imodzi mwa ngozi 132 yomwe imakhala ndi abambo oyera omwe amatha kugonana nawo).
- Ngakhale ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (IDUs) amawoneka kuti ali pangozi yochepa, ndi abambo a IDU omwe amakhala ndi chiopsezo cha moyo wa 36 pamene akazi a IDU anali ndi chiopsezo cha moyo 23.
Chifukwa chiyani Gay Black Men Ali Pangozi Yaikulu
Kumvetsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa moyo wa HIV nthawi zonse sikuli kophweka. Yankho lachidziwitso la maondo lingathe kukhala kuthetsa, mwachangu, kuti zogonana zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ndi makhalidwe ndizo zokhazo zomwe zimaika amuna amtundu wachisawawa pangozi yaikulu.
Koma zoona zake n'zakuti amuna akuda achiwerewere ku US amakhala pansi pa zovuta zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa matenda onse koma osapeŵeka mwa anthu ena.
Kuchokera kumadera ambiri a anthu, zimadziwika kuti mlili uliwonse - ngakhale HIV kapena matenda ena omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azidwala matendawa amayamba kusokonezeka nthawi isanakwane.
Izi zimachitika chifukwa kawirikawiri pali machitidwe ochepa omwe angalowerere, kaya mwa mankhwala komanso mwamalamulo, ndipo nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi chidwi chochitapo kanthu kuchokera kwa anthu omwe sali okhudzidwa.
Tidawona izi kumayambiriro kwa mliri wa Edzi m'zaka za m'ma 1980 pomwe amuna achiwerewere, omwe adachokera ku nthawi ya kuponderezedwa kwa apolisi ndi kusamvera malamulo, adagwidwa ndi matenda opatsirana omwe alibe njira zothetsera, panalibe njira za maubwino okhudzana ndi chiwerewere kapena magulu othandizira kuti asagwirizane ndi boma kapena boma.
Choncho, ndi imfa yomwe idakwera kuchokera mazana mpaka zikwi, gulu lachigawenga linadzitengera okha (kawirikawiri ndi kutenga nawo mbali, amuna olemekezeka kwambiri), kuti athe kukonza chithandizo chawo chaumoyo (monga Gay Men's Health Crisis in New York) ndi magulu a anthu ogwira ntchito (monga ACT UP).
Zomwezo siziri zoona kwa amuna amdima achiwerewere. Ngakhale kuti pakhala pali khama lalikulu lomwe limapangidwa ku federal kuti lifike ku chiwerengero cha anthu, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mapulojekiti omwe amawunikira makamaka amuna amtundu wa amuna okhaokha.
Mosiyana ndi Elton John kapena wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi Larry Kramer , pali masewera olimbitsa ochepa omwe akubwera kudzalankhula kapena m'malo mwa anthu ammudzi kapena anthu ambiri omwe amadziwika bwino omwe akulimbikitsa gululo (m'njira yomwe Elizabeth Taylor adachitira Gulu lalikulu la chigawenga kumayambiriro a zaka 80).
Momwemo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothandizira matenda, amuna amtundu wamtundu ali okhaokha. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV kungathandize kulimbikitsa zolakwika zomwe anthu amtundu wachiwerewere amawoneka kuti ndizo "osasamala," "ochita zachiwerewere" kapena "kupeza zomwe akuyenera."
Ndizovuta zowonjezereka zomwe zimangowonjezera amuna akuda achiwerewere panthawi yomwe imatulutsa kachilombo ka HIV katsopano.
Vuto la HIV lomwe limayanjana ndi Mavuto Ambiri
Tikamayankhula za zovuta, timatchula zovuta zothandizira kupewa HIV, chithandizo, ndi chisamaliro pakati pa anthu omwe ali pangozi. Zopinga zambiri apo, ndizoopsa kwambiri.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kufotokoza zolepheretsa izi kumathandiza kuti mabungwe apamtima amagwiritse ntchito mapulogalamu ndi njira zowonetsera bwino.
Kafukufuku wa epidemiological ndi zachipatala wasonyeza kuti, monga gulu, amuna amtundu wachiwerewere ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri zoonekeratu komanso zosadziwika. Mwa iwo:
- Kugonana kwapakati kumakhalabe mwazidzidzidzi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka 18 poyerekezera ndi kugonana. Matenda apamwamba a matenda opatsirana pogonana amangoonjezera ngozi. CDC imanena kuti syphilis, chlamydia, ndi gonorrhea mwa amuna akuda amachitika pafupipafupi sikisi, 10 ndi 16, omwe ndi amodzi ku US.
- Mipamwamba ya umphawi, kusowa ntchito, ndi kuikidwa m'ndende ku midzi yakuda imayanjanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba cha kachilombo ka HIV. Pakalipano, umphawi pakati pa anthu akuda Achimerika ndi 27.5% poyerekeza ndi 9.9 peresenti mwa azungu. Madera akummwera amatha kupitirira mafanowa, monga ku Louisiana kumene 40 peresenti ya anthu akuda amakhala mumphawi.
- Anthu ena amatha kugonana ndi mtundu wawo molingana ndi CDC, kutanthauza kuti maukonde awo ogonana ndi ofunika komanso ochepa. Momwemo, mwayi wopatsirana umawonjezeka chifukwa chakuti pali kachilombo ka HIV kamene kakupezeka kale mkati mwa intaneti.
- Amuna achiwerewere nthawi zambiri amachita kugonana ndi amuna achikulire monga zotsatira za magulu ang'onoang'ono ogonana. Amuna okalamba amakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, amuna ammimba amtunduwu amayamba kutenga kachilombo kocheperapo kusiyana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
- Mankhwala apamwamba a kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakati pa amuna akuda ambiri , poyerekeza ndi azungu, amatanthauzira ku chiopsezo chachikulu (monga momwe akuwonedwera ndi akazi osakanikirana omwe akugonana ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
- Kulephera kwa anthu, anthu apamwamba, apolisi, ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri m'madera omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri, amachititsa kuti anthu asamakhulupirire pulogalamu za boma, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimayesedwa pofuna kuyesa kachirombo ka HIV. Zotsatira zake, akuti 75 peresenti ya anthu akuda a ku America omwe ali ndi zaka 18-64 sanayambe kuyesedwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, ndipo 34 peresenti ya anthu amene amachiza HIV amakhalabe osamala.
- Kusadalirika kwa akuluakulu a zaumoyo amatha kuwonetsa maganizo olakwika pa kupewa ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kuonjezera kukana komanso kukhulupirira zikhulupiliro . Malingana ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku Harvard Medical School mu 2011, zikhulupiliro zoterezi zimathandiza kuchepetsa nthawi yopulumuka kwa amuna akuda mwa kufooketsa njira zoyenera zothandizira, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu komanso kugwirizana kwa chisamaliro chapadera cha HIV.
- Zomwe zimadziwika komanso zenizeni, zimayambitsa matenda a HIV pakati pa anthu akuda Achimereka omwe amaopa kuti adziwe momwe alili. Kafukufuku wa 2008 wa ofufuza pa yunivesite ya Kansas State adanena kuti zikhulupiriro zolimba zachipembedzo zinali zofanana kwambiri ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Zowonjezera izi ndizochititsa manyazi kwambiri amuna amdima achiwerewere pazomwe anthu komanso mderalo, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo kuti asatenge chithandizo.
Vuto la HIV kwa Amuna Amuna Amtundu
CDC yakhazikitsa njira zingapo zothetsera zofooka izi, kuphatikizapo kuyesedwa kumatilimbikitsa kukhala ndi chidwi cholimbikitsa malonda omwe ali ndi zaka 18 mpaka 44.
Kuyambitsa chiwawa ndi kudziwika kumudzi wakuda wa chigawenga ndi BMC, yomwe imagwira mitu 16 ku US, ndi Center for Black Equity, yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe odzikuza m'madera okwana 31 ku US.
Kuti mupeze mapulogalamu ndi misonkhano m'mudzi mwanu kapena dziko lanu, funsani maola otsogolera a maola 24 a AIDS . Pemphani HIV, CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) kuti mudziwe ngati mukufuna, kapena yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti pa malo oyezetsa magazi a HIVVu olembedwa ndi a Rollins School of Public Health ku Emory University.
Zotsatira:
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Kuopsa kwa Moyo wa HIV ku United States." Atlanta, Georgia; inafalitsidwa pa 23 February, 2016.
CDC. " Kusanthula kachilombo ka HIV ku United States s ndi Dependent Areas, 2013." HIV Surveillance Report. February 2015; 25: 1-82.
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF). "Anthu a ku Black Black ndi HIV / AIDS." Lofalitsidwa pa April 25, 2014.
Kusuta, P .; Brady, M ;; Carter, M ;; et al. "Kudana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa." AIDS Care. April 2012; 24 (3-4): 405-412.
Bogart, L .; Galvan, F .; Wagner, G; et al. "Kampani Yambiri ya Kachilombo ka HIV Yopanga Zikhulupiriro Zogonana Pakati pa Amuna Achimuna Okhala ndi HIV." AIDS khalidwe. August 2011; 15 (6): 1180-1186.