Nkhani yotsimikiziridwa ya kachilombo ka HIV imayambitsa zowonongeka komanso zofunikira kwambiri
Kuopsa kwa kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa amayi achiwerewere (omwe amatchedwanso kuti akazi omwe agonana ndi amayi) akhala akuonedwa kuti ndi otsika. Koma monga posachedwapa monga 2014, pakhala pali zochitika za kugonana pakati pa amayi awiri kumene palibe njira ina yopezera matenda.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti kachilombo ka HIV / kachikazi ka HIV kapena kachilombo ka HIV sikungakhalenso kochepa? Kapena kodi pali zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kangapangidwe komwe kangapangitse njira zopewera patsogolo?
Chifukwa chiyani "Akazi Ogonana Ndi Akazi?"
Akazi omwe amagonana ndi amayi (WSW) ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa akazi omwe amachita chiwerewere ndi akazi ena, mosasamala momwe amadzizindikiritsira okha. Mawuwa adalengedwa mu zaka za m'ma 1990 ndi odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana monga chida chowunikira kuti adziwe bwino njira yopatsira kachilombo ka HIV ndi kufalikira kwa matenda kudzera mu chiwerewere.
Zisanayambe izi, ochita kafukufuku anali ochepa chifukwa cha machitidwe omwe amayi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha samagonana, pamene iwo omwe amadziwika kuti ali owongoka akhoza kugonana ndi amayi ena.
Mawu akuti WSW mmalo mwake amatsindika za khalidwe osati chikhalidwe kapena chidziwitso cha anthu, motero kumapereka chithunzithunzi chokwanira cha kachilombo ka HIV komanso kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kupewa HIV.
Zachirombo za HIV pakati pa WSW
Pakati pa mbiri ya HIV, cholinga chachikulu cha umoyo waumphawi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiopsezo cha HIV pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) , komabe amaganiziridwa pakati pa gulu loopsa kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, HIV pakati pa WSW yanyalanyaza kwambiri, ndi chikhulupiliro chofanana kuti, monga gulu, ndizoopsa zowopsa.
Kafukufuku amachirikiza chikhulupiliro chimenecho. Malingana ndi US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), amayi 246,461 a ku America omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV mu 2004, 534 okha ndi amene anafotokoza kuti azigonana ndi akazi okhaokha.
Mwa izi, 91% anali ndi chinthu chimodzi choyambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu, makamaka choyambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo . Kafukufuku wofanana uja anapeza kuti kuchokera kwa opereka magazi a milioni milioni, palibe mmodzi yemwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi mkazi wina monga chinthu chokha.
Ambiri mwa milandu yomwe adafufuzidwa sanali azimayi okha omwe adagonana ndi akazi okhaokha koma pakati pa omwe adatengeka ndi zochitika zina zoopsa, monga kugonana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi. Phunziro la 2003 lopangidwa ndi CDC linasonyeza kuti pakati pa amayi okwana 3,139 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ana 14% a akazi oyera, 6% a akazi akuda, ndipo amayi 6% a ku Spain amavomereza kuti agonana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wawo.
Kuwonjezera apo, kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakati pa amayi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kunawonedwa kuti ndiyo njira yoyamba ya matenda pakati pa 24% ndi 33%.
Milandu ya kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa WSW
Mpaka pano, pakhala pali zifukwa zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha zokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa WSW pomwe zinthu zina zoopsa kwambiri sizidziwika mosavuta.
Mu 2003, mayi wina wa ku America wa ku America adapeza kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa mkazi wake pambuyo pochita zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito zidole za kugonana. Kufufuza kwa Genotypic kunatsimikiziranso kuti chibadwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Azimayi awiriwa adanena kuti ubale wawo unali wosagwirizana ndi wina ndipo sanagonane ndi mwamuna.
Popeza panalibe umboni wa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti kugwiritsira ntchito mwamphamvu zolaula zogonana kunayambitsa kupatsirana kudzera m'madzi a thupi.
Chifukwa wothandizana ndi kachirombo ka HIV anali ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (ART) , amayiwa amakhulupilira kuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV sichinachitike ndipo sanaganizire kugwiritsa ntchito zopinga zotetezera monga madamu a mano kapena makondomu.
Mu March 2014, mlandu womwewo unanenedwa ndi CDC yomwe mayi wina wazaka 46 wa ku Texas "adapeza" HIV pogonana ndi mwana wake wamkazi wazaka 43, yemwe ali ndi HIV. Kuyeza kwa majeremusi kunawonetsa 98% machesi ndi omwe ali nawo kachilombo ka HIV, pomwe zifukwa zingapo zomwe zikhoza kuchititsa kuti asatenge kachilomboka zidatulutsidwa.
Monga momwe zinaliri poyamba, amayi onsewa adanena kuti kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito zopinga zoteteza panthawi ya kugonana komanso kuti kugonana kwawo kunali "kovuta kwambiri." Komanso, abwenziwo adanenedwa kuti anali ndi kugonana kosatetezeka pakapita nthawi.
Komabe, mosiyana ndi nkhani ya 2003, yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adasiya kulandira ART pafupifupi zaka ziwiri m'mbuyo mwake, akusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwake kwa kachilombo ka HIV kungayambitse kachirombo ka HIV. Komanso, kumayambiriro kwa chithandizochi, mayiyo anali ndi kulemera kwakukulu komanso kupwetekedwa kwa candidiasis , komwe kumapeto kwake kuli chimodzi mwa mafotokozedwe a Edzi .
Poyang'ana pazifukwa zonsezi, zikuonekeratu kuti kugwirizana kwa zinthu izi kunapanga chinachake cha "mphepo yamtendere" ya matenda, pomwe mitsempha yowonongeka kapena yoonongeka ya genitalia kapena rectum imapereka mwayi wopeza HIV.
Kupewa HIV pakati pa WSW
Ngakhale kuti umboni wamakono ukusonyeza kuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi chochepa kwambiri mu WSW popanda zoopsa zina, kupewera kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa amai omwe amagonana ndi wokondedwa wa kachirombo ka HIV kapena osadziŵa za zochitika za mnzawo. Zomwe zingakhale zoopsa zikuphatikizapo:
- Kugawidwa kwa magwiritsidwe ogonana
- Kumenyana, makamaka ngati pali magazi
- Kugonana pamlomo
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti pangakhale zovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu, amayi ndi madontho a mano akulimbikitsidwa, makamaka pa nthawi ya kusamba.
Kuonjezerapo, chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kaya atachiritsidwa kapena osatetezedwa, chikugwirizana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Choncho, kufunika kwa kuyesedwa koyambirira ndi kuchipatala kumawoneka kuti ndi kofunika kwambiri popewera. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV, omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo wina alibe kachilombo ka HIV. Kafukufuku wamakono akusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ndi 96% zochepa kuti apatsire kachilombo ka HIV kwa wokondedwa omwe alibe kachilomboka, njira yotchedwa mankhwala monga kupewa (TasP) .
Zimalimbikitsidwanso kuti kufufuza matenda opatsirana pogonana kumachitika chifukwa matendawa angathe kuonjezera chiopsezo cha minofu ya mucosal.
Zotsatira:
Zachigawo za US za Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "HIV / AIDS pakati pa Akazi." Atlanta, Georgia, August 2008; adafika pa April 2, 2014.
Kwakwa, H. ndi Ghobrial, H. "Kupatsirana kwa Mkazi Ndi Mkazi wa Virus ya Immunodeficiency Virus." Matenda opatsirana pogonana. September 24, 2002; 36 (3): e40-e41.
Chan, S .; Thornton, L .; Chronister, K ;; et al. "Kupititsa patsogolo Kuwombola kwa Amuna Kapena Akazi a HIV - Texas, 2014.V Kuchokera kwa Amayi ndi Amuna Polemba Sabata (MMWR) March 14, 2014; 63 (10): 209-212.
Cohen, M .; Chen, Y .; McCauley, M .; et al. "Kupewa kachilombo ka HIV-1 ndi mankhwala oyambirira a antiretroviral." New England Journal of Medicine. August 11, 2011; 365 (6): 493-505.