Padziko lonse lapansi, akazi achi transgender akhala akunenedwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV . Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amagawidwa ndi amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna kuti afufuze, amayi olakwira ali ndi zifukwa zosiyana ndi zomwe zimawopsyeza kachirombo ka HIV. Mwachitsanzo, amayi a transgender amakhala ndi zolepheretsa zambiri kuti ziziyenda bwino pamoyo wawo wonse.
Izi zikuphatikizapo mavuto okhudza kupeza ntchito, nyumba, ndi zina zofunika zofunika pamoyo. Zopinga zoterezi zakhala zikugwirizana ndi mwayi waukulu woyesera khalidwe loopsya, monga kugonana kosalephereka . Zolepheretsa zingakhale zapamwamba kwambiri kwa akazi a transgender a mtundu.
Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala kofala bwanji pakati pa akazi ochimwa? Kafukufuku wofufuza mchaka cha 2013 adapeza kuti, m'mayiko asanu omwe amapindula kwambiri, pafupifupi 22 peresenti ya amayi olakwira ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ndipotu akazi a transgender anali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachirombo ka HIV kawiri kawiri kusiyana ndi anthu akuluakulu. Mawerengero ena a kachilombo ka HIV m'mabanja a US transgender akuchokera pa 16-17 peresenti pakati pa akazi oyera ndi a Latina mpaka opitirira 56 peresenti ya akazi akuda. Mitengoyi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu onse ndipo ndi ofanana ndi mitengo yomwe imapezeka mwa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna.
Kodi Akazi Awa Ndani?
Akazi a Transgender amakhala m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Amapita ndi maina osiyanasiyana, koma ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana. Azimayi a Transgender ndi anthu omwe abambo omwe amapatsidwa kubereka anali abambo koma omwe ali azimayi ndi abambo. Kupatula apo, amakhala miyoyo yosiyana-siyana.Akhoza kukhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Angakhale okwatira kapena osakwatiwa, ogwira ntchito kapena osagwira ntchito.
Angakhale atasiya sukulu kapena amaphunzitsa ku yunivesite.
Amayi ena osiyana ndi akazi amakhala ngati akazi nthawi imodzi. Ena amakhala ngati akazi nthawi zonse. Ena amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kuti athandize amuna awo. (Mahomoniwa amatha kusintha kusintha pakhungu ndi m'mawere, pakati pa zowawa zina). Ena amakhalanso opaleshoni yowonjezera ya amayi . Zosankha akazi olakwira amapanga momwe angatsimikizire ndi kudziwonetsera okha nthawi zina zimathandiza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kakhale kotheka.
Trans Misogyny
Akazi a Transgender nthawi zambiri amanyansidwa ndi tsankho, makamaka pamene maonekedwe awo sagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zoyenera zachikazi ku zikhalidwe zomwe akukhala. Julia Serano wapanga mawu akuti "trans-misogyny" m'buku lake lakuti Whipping Girl. Amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa pofotokozera njira zomwe amatsutsana ndi abambo a transgender amasonyezera zizindikiro zawo zonse ndikudziwika ngati akazi.
Ambiri, akazi a transgender amafotokoza tsankho kwambiri kuposa amuna ochimwa. Izi zikhoza kukhala, mwa zina, chifukwa cha zovuta, malingaliro ofunikira zomwe zimafunika kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi mbolo ngati chiopsezo cha kugonana kwa amayi. Zitsanzo za izi zikhoza kuoneka pa zokambirana zotsutsana ndi malamulo a anthu ogwira ntchito.
Anthu omwe amatsutsana ndi malamulo osambira amayankhula za kuopsezedwa kwa "amuna" m'madzi azimayi chifukwa samawawona akazi achipakati ngati akazi. Komabe, anthu owerengeka amasonyeza nkhawa zokhudza abambo omwe amapezeka m'chipinda cha amuna. Iwo sazindikiranso kuti amayi olakwira amatenga chiopsezo ngati amagwiritsa ntchito malo a anthu mmalo mwake.
Njira Zisanu Zomwe Zimasokoneza Momwe Zimayambira ku HIV
Kusamvana kosasokonezeka ndi chisankho chachikulu kwa anthu osakhulupirika kumapangitsa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kasamalire kwa amayi ochimwa mwa njira zingapo:
- Azimayi a Transgender angasangalale kwambiri pofuna malo ogona ndi ntchito. Izi zingachititse kuti zinthu zikhale zoopsa monga kuthetsa kusowa pokhala kapena kukhala ndi ntchito yogonana kuti apulumuke. Ntchito yokhudza kugonana ndiyo njira yaikulu yopezera kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo ogonana ogonana ndi ogonana amakhala m'mayiko onse. Anthu opanda pakhomo amatha kupiritsa mahomoni osalongosoka, kuphatikizapo singano limodzi.
- Kutembenuka kwa misogyny kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kupsinjika maganizo, ndipo amayi osiyana ndi achikunja amakhulupirira kuti ali ndipamwamba kuposa chiwerengero cha misampha ya chipsinjo ndi kuledzera. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi chinthu china chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa HIV.
- Anthu a Transgender kawirikawiri atachepetsa mwayi wopeza chithandizo chamankhwala, chifukwa cha zina, kwa opereka chithandizo chachipatala osasamala powachitira. Angakhalenso akukayikira kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala, kuphatikizapo kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV ngati atakumana ndi zovuta zomwe adokotala adakumana nazo kale.
Biology ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwa amayi a Transgender
Osagwirizana ndi trans-misogyny, palinso zifukwa zingapo zowonjezera zomwe zimachititsa kuti amayi olakwira angakhale owonjezeka kwambiri pa kachirombo ka HIV. Izi zimaphatikizapo kachitidwe kaŵirikaŵiri ka kugonana koyambako, makamaka kugonana kosatetezedwa. Kugonana kwapakati kumatengedwa ngati chinthu choopsa kwambiri kwa HIV. Kugonana kwa abambo pambuyo poti opaleshoni yokhudzana ndi kugonana kungakhalenso kowopsya kwa akazi osiyana. Pomalizira, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti minofu yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga neo-umaliseche ingathenso kuonjezera chiopsezo cha HIV poyerekeza ndi chiopsezo chomwe chimawonedwa ndi kugonana kwa amayi a cisgender .
Zotsatira
Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe zimathandiza kwambiri pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha kachirombo ka HIV chomwe chimawonetsedwa kwa amayi ochimwa. Komabe, zikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe zina zingakhale zofunika kwambiri. Kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo cha zaumoyo komanso kuchepetsa kusagwirizana ndi amuna ndi akazi ndizovuta zothandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kachilombo ka HIV.
Zindikirani: Pali amuna ambiri a transgender amene amakumana ndi mavuto omwe amachititsa manyazi ndi kusankhana omwe akufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi. Komabe, nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za amayi omwe amachimwa chifukwa cha ma ARV omwe amawapeza.
Zotsatira:
Baral SD, Poteat T, Strömdahl S, Wirtz AL, Guadamuz TE, Beyrer C. Padziko lonse lapansi HIV imakhala ndi amayi ophwanya malamulo: ndondomeko yowonongeka. Lancet Disfect 2013, 13 (3): 214-22.
Gulu la EG, Zimmerman RS, Amuna a L, Pierce J, McNulty S, Heck T, Perrin PB, Snipes DJ. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi khalidwe la chiopsezo cha HIV mwa amayi olakwira m'dera la Mid-Atlantic ku United States. Int J STD AIDS. 2015 Jul 15. pii: 0956462415595319.
Cochran BN, Stewart AJ, Ginzler JA, Cauce AM. Mavuto omwe amakumana nawo osakwatiwa omwe alibe pokhala: Kufanizitsa achinyamata omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso osakwatiwa. Am J Public Health. 2002 May; 92 (5): 773-7.
Fletcher JB, Kisler KA, Reback CJ. Mkhalidwe wa nyumba ndi makhalidwe omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa akazi ophwanya malamulo ku Los Angeles. Chidutswa Chogonana Behav. 2014 Nov; 43 (8): 1651-61. lembani: 10.1007 / s10508-014-0368-1.
Grant, Jaime M., Lisa A. Mottet, Justin Tanis, Jack Harrison, Jody L. Herman, ndi Mara Keisling. Kusalungama Pazomwe Zikuchitika: Lipoti la National Transgender Discrimination Survey . Washington: National Center for Transgender Equality ndi National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011.