Ku United States, amuna achiwerewere ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga HIV ndi Edzi. Pakati pa 2010 ndi 2015, 68 peresenti ya matenda opatsirana pogonana anali pakati pa amuna omwe agonana ndi amuna. Mavutowa ndi apamwamba kwambiri kwa amuna achiwerewere. Nchifukwa chiyani amuna omwe ali pachiwerewere amapezeka kachilombo ka HIV?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha HIV kusiyana ndi anzawo oongoka.
Zina mwazifukwa ndizochilengedwe. Mitundu ina ya kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha imangowonjezera kachirombo ka HIV. Zifukwa zina zimasonyeza momwe anthu amachitira zokhudzana ndi momwe amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) amakhala m'dziko lapansi ndipo amachitiridwa ndi anthu.
Momwe Biology Ikuchulukira Vuto la HIV la Amuna Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha
Si amuna onse achiwerewere omwe amasangalala ndi kugonana kwa abambo. Komabe, kugonana kwa abambo ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe amuna amasiye ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Asayansi akhala akuganiza kuti chiwerengero cha kachilombo ka HIV pa nthawi yogonana ndi abambo ndi nthawi 18 kuposa momwe zimakhalira pa nthawi yogonana . Kuopsa kwa kutenga kachilombo ka HIV pachitetezo cha kugonana kosatetezedwe kumawerengeka kukhala 1.4 peresenti.
Amuna ndi akazi amtundu wina amamakonda kugonana. Komabe, palinso chinthu china chomwe chimapangitsa kuti amuna omwe ali ndi chiwerewere athane ndi kugonana. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti azigwira ntchito "zozembera" komanso "zovuta", kapena kulowa mkati ndi kulandira. Izi zimadziwika kuti ndizosiyana, ndipo zawonetsedwa kuti zowonjezera chiopsezo chotenga HIV .
Chifukwa chiyani? Amuna omwe amachitira chilakolako chogonana, osatetezeka amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga HIV . Amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zolimbitsa thupi, omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosatetezeka amatha kupatsira HIV kwa anzawo. Amuna akamapanga zonsezi, kuphatikiza kwa makhalidwe kumapangitsa kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV kumakhala kosaoneka m'mabanja ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Mu maukwati ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna amatha kulowa mkati ndipo akazi akulowetsedwa. Chifukwa chaichi, kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri imafalikira kuchokera kwa mwamuna wamwamuna mpaka mkaziyo kuposa momwe amachitira.
Momwe Makhalidwe Ambiri Amakhudzira Vuto la HIV pakati pa Amuna Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha
Si biology yokha yomwe imapangitsa amuna okhaokha kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Mabungwe a anthu amathandizanso. Makamaka, tawonetsedwa kuti kupweteka kumapangitsa kuti amuna ochepera azivutika kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala. Mitundu ina ya chisankho ndi chikhalidwe chawo imakhudzanso mwayi wawo. Kupanda mwayi wodalirika wopezera chisamaliro kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu pakufalitsidwa kwa HIV. Zingayambitse kuchepetsa matenda ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ndizosautsa kwenikweni. Nthawi zambiri anthu amapatsirana kwambiri pa matenda opatsirana (atsopano) . Izi ndizoona makamaka ngati sakudziwa kuti ali ndi kachilomboka. Mwamsanga, mankhwala othandiza ndi ofunika kwambiri, monga mankhwala amachepetsa kuchepetsa matenda. Ndipotu, izi ndizo chithandizo cha mankhwala monga kupewa. Choncho, kuchepetsa kusamalidwa kwaumoyo kumapititsa patsogolo kachirombo ka HIV pakati pa MSM.
Kuphatikizanso, magulu ena a amuna achiwerewere ali pachiopsezo chachikulu makamaka chifukwa china. Mavuto awo ndi okwera chifukwa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali nawo angathe kutenga kachirombo ka HIV.
Pamene anthu ambiri ammudzi amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, pali chiopsezo chachikulu kuti wina awonekere. Izi ndizovuta makamaka kwa MSM wakuda. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chibwenzi pakati pa anthu ochepa kwambiri, omwe amakhala oopsa kwambiri. Potero, chiopsezo chawo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV chimakhala chokwera kuposa cha MSM. Ndizoona ngakhale pamene zosankha zawo zokhudzana ndi khalidwe komanso moyo wawo zili bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, MSM wakuda ku United States nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV ngati MSM, izi ndi zoona ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi makhalidwe oopsa. Mwachitsanzo, sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo panthawi yogonana. Komabe, sikuti chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mchere wawo ndi omwe amachititsa kuti izi zikhale zosiyana.
Poyerekeza ndi ma MSM ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, MSM wakuda ndi kachirombo ka HIV sakhalanso ochepa:
- muli ndi inshuwalansi ya umoyo
- khalani ndi mapulogalamu apamwamba
- khalani ndi CD4 count
Nkhanizi zikuwonetsera zosayenerera zaumoyo zogwirizana ndi mtundu. Zotsatira zake sizingokhala kwa HIV kapena kwa MSM yakuda.
Kulimbana ndi Chilakolako Chomwe Chimapangitsa Anthu Kuitana Edzi Matenda a Gay
Nthawi zina anthu amanyansidwa ndi amuna okhaokha chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha HIV. Amanena kuti amakhala ndi khalidwe la riskier, kapena amachititsa kuti azitsatira zomwe zimatanthauza kugonana. Komabe, AIDS si matenda a chiwerewere. Ndipotu, kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi, matenda opatsirana pogonana ambiri amafalitsidwa kudzera mu kugonana kosagonana. Nanga n'chifukwa chiyani amuna achiwerewere amatenga HIV? Asayansi apeza kuti 80 mpaka 90 peresenti ya mliri wa HIV pakati pa amuna okhaokha amatha kutheka ngati kachilombo ka HIV pa nthawi yogonana ndi yofanana ndi yomwe imachitika pa nthawi yogonana. Kusankhana maudindo kungapatsenso manambala mwa magawo 20 mpaka 50. Kuyika zinthu ziwirizi pamodzi kungathe kuchotsa pafupifupi 95 peresenti ya matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amawoneka mwa amuna amasiye. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, si kwenikweni khalidwe limene limayika amuna achiwerewere pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga HIV. Ndi biology.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chithandizo chamankhwala osaganizira ena kungathandizenso. Ganizirani dziko limene amuna amasiye amamva kuti ali otetezeka kuonetsa chiopsezo chawo chogonana kwa madotolo awo. Izi zikhoza kupanga kusiyana kwakukulu. Angayesedwe kawirikawiri. Ndiye iwo akanakhoza kuchiritsira mwamsanga. Komanso, mankhwala oyambirira angachepetse chiopsezo cha amuna omwe akuwopseza anzawo komanso kuwongolera thanzi lawo. Mwamwayi, ma CDC omwe amavomereza kuti kachirombo ka HIV konsekonse (kwa anthu onse, osati amuna okhaokha) sakhala ndi zotsatira zokwanira. Madokotala ndi zipatala zochepa kwambiri akhala akutsatira malamulowo.
Mwamwayi, pali zizindikiro kuti zinthu zikhoza kusintha. Pamene deta yamphamvu ikamasulidwa posonyeza kuti kuchepetsa kuteteza kwa tizilombo kumachepetsa mwayi wopatsirana pogonana wa HIV, ndondomeko zasintha. Mizinda ikuluikulu inayamba kulimbikitsa kuti anthu onse azitha kulandira chithandizo cha HIV. Iwo anachotsa zoletsedwa zokhudzana ndi chiwerengero cha CD4 chomwe chikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi HIV ayenera kuyembekezera kuti ayambe mankhwala. Kusintha kumeneku kungakhale kokondweretsa kwambiri kwa maanja omwe ali ndi zibwenzi. Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo si njira yokhayo yothandizira. Zimathandizanso kuti ogonana awo asatetezeke ku matenda. Kutulukira kwa zotsatirazi, zomwe zimatchedwa " mankhwala monga chithandizo " kumapitiriza kubwezeretsanso ndondomeko ya kachirombo ka HIV ku US Ikusintha momwe madokotala ndi asayansi akuyang'aniratu chitetezo cha HIV kuzungulira dziko lapansi.
> Zotsatira:
> Beyrer, C., Baral, SD, vanGriensven, F. Goodreau, SM, Chariyalerstak, S., Wirtz, A., & Brookmeyer, R. (2012) Mliri wadziko lonse wa kachilombo ka HIV amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna. Lancet . 380 (9839): 367-377
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Chiwerengero cha HIV ndi kufalikira kwa United States, 2010-2015. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2018; 23 (No 1). http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html. Inasindikizidwa pa March 2018. Inapezeka pa March 27, 2018.
> Goldman DP, Juday T, Linthicum MT, Rosenblatt L, Seekins D. Chiyembekezo cha mbadwo wopanda kachilombo ka HIV chingakhale chotheka ngati zolingalira zoyenera zanenedwa. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014 Mar; 33 (3): 428-33. lembani: 10.1377 / hlthaff.2013.1280.
> SUNGAYAMBIRE Phunziro la Gulu. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ku Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection. N Engl J Med. 2015 Aug 27; 373 (9): 795-807. lembani: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
> Millett, GA, Peterson, JL, Flores, SA, Hart, TA, Jeffries, WL, Wilson, PA, Rourke, SB, Heilig, CM, Elford, J., Fenton, KA>, & Remis, RS (2012) Kufanizitsa kusiyana ndi zoopsa za kachilombo ka HIV mumdima wakuda ndi amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna ku Canada, UK, ndi USA: meta-analysis. Lancet . 380 (9839): 341-348