Malangizo oyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV akhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali tsopano. Komabe, anthu ambiri sayezetsa HIV nthawi zonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti panthawi yomwe wina atapezeka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kachilombo ka HIV, angadabwe ngati pali njira iliyonse yodziwira ngati ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kapena amene ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Matenda atsopano ndi akale a HIV
Pali njira zingapo kuti madokotala azindikire ngati munthu amene watenga kachilomboka kachilombo ka HIV ali kachilomboka .
Nthawi zambiri, pamene mayesero apita mofulumira kwambiri, madokotala adzapeza anthu omwe amayesa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena p24 antigen koma omwe sali okonzeka kukhala wotsutsa. Awa ndi anthu omwe ali pachiyambi cha HIV. Komabe, sichidzatengedwa pamayeso ambiri omwe amayambitsa kachilombo ka HIV . Choncho, zoterezi zowononga kachilombo ka HIV ndizosazolowereka.
Kawirikawiri, madokotala akuyesera kudziwa ngati munthu amene adayesedwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachirombo ka HIV posachedwapa ali ndi kachilomboka kapena ayi. Anthuwa ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Choncho, madokotala awo amasiyidwa kuti ayang'ane makhalidwe enaake a antibodies. Zizindikirozi zidzakhala zosiyana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Zizindikiro za odwala zomwe madokotala amafufuza kuti azindikire kuti kachilombo ka HIV ndi:
- Mtundu wa antibodies ulipo . Zizindikiro zosiyana za ma antibodies zimapezeka nthawi zosiyana pambuyo poyang'ana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda . Matenda ambiri akhoza kuthandizira kudziwa ngati munthu watenga kachilomboka kapena ayi. Komabe, ma antibodies a IgM omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze matenda atsopano angakhalensopo mwa anthu amene ali ndi HIV kwa kanthawi. Choncho, izi sizili zothandiza nthawi zonse popatsirana kachilombo ka HIV ngati madokotala angakonde. (Izi, komabe, nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda a herpes ndi aposachedwapa .)
- Kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies alipo . Pambuyo pa ma antibodies amayamba kuonekera poyang'ana kachilombo ka HIV, amawonjezeka kwa miyezi yambiri. Kenaka amayamba kuyesa. Ngati kusintha kumeneku kungawoneke, kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda ochepa chabe.
- Ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamateteza ma antibodies kumangiriza . Pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamakula, ma antibodies ambiri amasiyana ndi ma ARV amasintha. Ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito izi kuti mudziwe ngati wina ali ndi kachilombo koyambirira kapena kochedwa.
- Madzi amphamvu kwambiri amamanga kachilombo ka HIV . Anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kawirikawiri amakhala ndi ma antibodies omwe amamanga molimba kwambiri ku HIV kusiyana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu. Komabe, anthu amene adayamba chithandizo mwamsanga atatha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV angakhalenso ndi ma antibodies omwe ali ofooka mofanana.
Koma Mwinamwake Sichidzachitike
Pomalizira, n'zotheka madokotala kudziwa ngati kachilombo ka HIV kameneka ndi zotsatira za matenda atsopano kapena matenda akuluakulu. Komabe, mfundoyi siingathetsedwe ndi kuyezetsa kachirombo ka HIV. Kudziwa ngati kachilombo ka HIV katsopano kamakhala kachilombo ka HIV kaŵirikaŵiri kachitidwe ka anthu ogwira ntchito ku HIV. Sili gawo labwino la chisamaliro cha odwala. Choncho, ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV ndipo mukudandaula kuti mukakhala ndi seroconverted , mungafunikire kulankhula ndi katswiri wodwala matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Osati dokotala aliyense adziwa kapena ali ndi mwayi, makina oyenera.
Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri, madokotala sangachite mayeso a odwala atsopano - ngakhale atapempha. Wodwala amaonedwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo koopsa (mwachitsanzo, kutangotenga kumene) pamene adayesedwa ndikupezeka kuti alibe mu chaka chatha. Odwala atsopano omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe sanayesedwe kawirikawiri nthawi zambiri samatha kudziwa ngati atangotenga kachilomboka.
Tiyenera kutchula kuti pali zochitika zina zomwe anthu amatha kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV mmalo mwake.
- Ngati munthu ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachirombo ka HIV ndipo ali ndi RNA yabwino, koma chigawo chawo chakumadzulo chimatha. Izi zikuganiziridwa kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu. Milandu imeneyi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyesera zowononga kachirombo ka HIV.
- Munthu akamayesa kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a kachilombo ka HIV koma alibe kachilombo koyambitsa HIV. Komabe, sikuti kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV konse kumaphatikizapo mayeso a RNA, choncho mavotiwa amasowa mosavuta.
Chifukwa chiyani Kuzindikira Matenda atsopano a HIV Ndikofunika?
Kuzindikira matenda atsopano a HIV pamene akadali atsopano n'kofunika. Kuchita zimenezi kungachepetse kwambiri kufalitsa kwa HIV. Pa zifukwa zingapo, anthu ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotumizira HIV kwa anzawo ogonana nawo pamasabata, miyezi, kapena zaka asanadziwe kuti ali ndi HIV.
Chifukwa choyamba chimene anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angakhale koopsa kwa anzawo asanayesedwe bwino ndiwowonekeratu. Ngati sakudziwa kuti ali ndi chiopsezo, akhoza kukhala osasunthika kuti azigonana mosamala . Chachiwiri ndikuti anthu atsopano omwe ali ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mavitamini apamwamba kwambiri ndipo ali opatsirana kwambiri kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka nthawi yaitali. Izi zimapangitsa mwayi wopatsirana kachilomboka pamwamba pa nthawi ina iliyonse. Chachitatu ndi chakuti ngati simunayesedwe, ndiye kuti simukuchiritsidwa. Chithandizochi chimachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chowombera wokondedwa wanu. Ndipotu, tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopezera.
Zotsatira:
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Lee LM, McKenna MT. Kuwunika kuchitika kwa kachirombo ka HIV ku United States. Zolemba Zaumoyo Zauzimu 2007; 122 Suppl 1: 72-9.
Parekh BS, McDougal JS. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira za laboratori zowonjezera chiwopsezo cha HIV-1. Indian J Med Res. 2005 Apr; 121 (4): 510-8.
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