Kuyezetsa HIV kumachitika mu magawo awiri. Choyamba, mayeso oyambirira achitika. Ngati ndizowonjezera, ndiye kuti mayeserowa abwerezedwa kuti ayang'ane zokhuza zonyenga . Ngati chiyeso choyambirira ndi chitsimikizo kawiri, ndiye zitsanzozo zimayesedwa ndi yeseso yachiwiri, yeniyeni yowonjezera. Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poonetsetsa kuti mayesero oyambirira sagwirizana ndi matenda ena osati HIV.
Momwe mitundu yoyesera ya HIV imagwiritsidwira ntchito palimodzi
Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungaganizire za mitundu yoyezetsa magazi .
Njira imodzi ndi kuyang'ana njira zomwe mayesero osiyanasiyana amayendera. Njira ina ndi kuyang'ana momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma ARV imagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mayeso oyambirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana chizindikiro chilichonse cha HIV. Mayeso ovomerezeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awone zotsatira za mayeso oyambirira. Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo chopeza munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Mayesero Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyezetsa HIV pachiyambi
- EIA kapena mavitamini a Immune Assay: Mayesowa amayang'ana ma antibodies a HIV. Komabe, ili ndi malire ake. Anthu ambiri amayamba kupanga ma antibodies a anti-HIV mkati mwa masabata asanu ndi limodzi ndi limodzi (6-12). Koma anthu ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angathe kutenga miyezi 6 kuti apange ma antibodies okwanira kuti ayesetse kuyesa pa EIA. Choncho, mayesowa sapindulitsa kwa anthu atsopano omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV . Ndi chiyeso ichi, wina yemwe wangotenga kachilombo ka HIV sangayesetse. Komabe, akhoza kupatsirana kachilombo ka HIV kwa anthu ena. Angakhaledi odwala kwambiri.
- ELISA kapena Immunosorbent Assay (Immunosorbent Assay) Yogwirizana ndi Enzyme: Mayesowa ali ofanana ndi EIA. Zimayang'ana zinthu zomwezo, koma zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana ndi zosakaniza.
- PCR kapena Polymerase Chain Reaction : Mayesowa amagwiritsa ntchito makanema kuti apititse patsogolo kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera ku magazi. M'mawu ena, zimapanga makope ambiri a RNA. Izi zimathandiza kuti RNA ioneke mosavuta. Choncho, PCR ikhoza kuthandizira kupeza kachilombo kakang'ono mwa munthu watsopano. Komabe, ndi okwera mtengo, nthawi yochuluka, ndipo sichipezeka mosavuta
Mayesero Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito ku Vuto la HIV
- Western Blot: Iyi ndiyo njira yaikulu yogwiritsira ntchito kutsimikizira zotsatira za mayesero oyambirira. Ndiyeso ya anti-antibody yomwe ili yeniyeni yeniyeni ya HIV-antibodies kuposa mayeso EIA / ELISA. Komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kutsimikiziridwa mmalo moyesera koyambirira.
- RIPA: Kuyezetsa magazi kumeneku kumachitika pamene magulu a antibody ali otsika. Zitha kuchitanso pamene zotsatira za Western Blot sizikudziwika bwino. Mayesowa ndi okwera mtengo, ovuta kuchita komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
- Immayofluorescence Assay. Uwu ndiwo mtundu wina wa mayesero ovomerezeka omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pamene zotsatira za Western Blot sizidziwika bwino. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa Western Blot pambuyo pa mayeso a ELISA.
- Ma DNA / RNA Amplification : Mayeserowa ali ofanana ndi PCR. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene zotsatira za kumadzulo kumadzulo sizidziwika. Mayesero opatsirana amakhala osakwera mtengo kwambiri pakapita nthawi.
Mayesero angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa vutolo la munthu. Ichi ndi kuchuluka kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa m'magazi awo. Kuyezetsa magazi sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze kachilombo ka HIV. M'malo mwake, mayeserowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awone momwe chithandizo chilili. Komabe, palinso kafukufuku amene amasonyeza kuti kuwona kuti chiwerengero cha kachilombo ka HIV nthawi yomweyo ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamathandizira kugwirizanitsa anthu kwa dokotala kuti azisamalira.
Zotsatira:
Ceffa S, Luhanga R, Andreotti M, Brambilla D, Erba F, Jere H, Mancinelli S, Giuliano M, Palombi L, Marazzi MC. Kuyerekezera ndi Cepheid GeneXpert ndi Abbott M2000 HIV-1 zenizeni zenizeni zamayendedwe ka HIV / 1 ndi kutulukira kachilombo ka HIV. Njira Zothetsera J. 2016 Mar 229: 35-9. lembani: 10.1016 / j.jviromet.2015.12.007.
Nair SV, Kim HC, Fortunko J, Pogoda T, Peling T, Tran C, Nugent CT, Joo S, Kang Y, Wilkins B, Lednovich K, Worlock A. Aptima kachirombo ka HIV-1 Mawerengedwe a Dx-A odziyesera okha ndi quantification ya HIV-1. J Clin Virol. 2016 Feb 4; 77: 46-54. lembani: 10.1016 / j.jcv.2016.02.002.