Ngakhale Makhalidwe Otchuka, Zolakwa Zonyenga Sungani Mavuto
Mu July 2012, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inavomereza OraQuick In-Home HIV Test , powapatsa ogwira ntchito yoyamba, kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamatha kupereka chinsinsi mwa mphindi 20. Chivomerezo cha FDA chinalandiridwa ndi mabungwe ambiri a m'midzi, omwe akhala akulongosola phindu la kuyesedwa kwapakhomo panthawi yomwe anthu 20% mwa anthu okwana 1.2 miliyoni omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amadziwa kuti alibe chikhalidwe.
Mmodzi mwa zifukwa zothandizira kuyesa kunyumba:
- Zipatala zambiri zamagulu ku US zimakhala zopanda ntchito kapena zowonjezereka, zomwe zimawombera iwo omwe angafune kapena akusowa kuyesedwa kuti asakhale kutali. Kuyezetsa pakhomo kungathandize kuthana ndi vutoli, kupatsa omwe ali pachiopsezo ndi mphamvu yodzilamulira, kulamulira ndi chinsinsi .
- Povomereza chigamulochi, a FDA adanena kuti kuyesa kwapakhomo "kudzapereka moyenera ... pothandiza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kuti adziwe momwe alili ndi HIV ndikuchepetsa kachilombo ka HIV."
- Maola 24 ndi antchito ophunzitsidwa amathandiza kutsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola; omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amadziwa zolephera za mayesero (kuphatikizapo otchedwa zenera ), komanso kuti omwe amalandira zotsatira zabwino amatumizidwa kuchipatala chapafupi kapena ku dokotala.
Kuyambira mwezi wa September 2013, oraQuick olemba kuti "anthu oposa 200,000 tsopano akudziwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV" chifukwa cha mankhwalawa, ndi akatswiri a zamalonda akunena za kugulitsa kwa malonda monga kuzindikira kwa ogulitsa.
Komabe ngakhale kuti zovutazo zikuwoneka bwino, kafukufuku wambiri akufotokoza mavuto omwe ali nawo pakhomopo, akufunsanso zolondola za dzikoli, komanso zotsatira zake pa chisamalidwe cha odwala komanso makhalidwe oopsa.
Kodi Ndi Zolondola Zomwe Zili M'kati mwa HIV?
Malinga ndi lipoti la FDA, OraQuick Rapid In-Home Test sikuti ndi yotetezeka komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma imapereka mphamvu zenizeni zenizeni zoposa 95% - zochepa kuposa 99.3% ndi 99.8% makiti oyang'anira ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala ndi zipatala.
Komabe, mosiyana ndi mayesero apakati-a-zosamalidwa, mawonekedwe apanyumba amadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto lolakwika la kuzungulira 7%, kutanthauza kuti mayesero amodzi mwa khumi ndi awiriwo adzapereka "chizindikiro choyera chonse" cholakwika. Ngakhale kuti izi sizikutanthauza kuti zowonongekazo zimakhala zovuta, zimayambitsa kukayikira kwapadera kwa mayeso omwe amapatsidwa mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso / kapena kuyesa kachilombo ka HIV msanga.
Kafukufuku wina wopangidwa mu 2013 ndi University of California, San Francisco anapeza kuti mayesero am'badwo wachinayi oyesa mofulumira monga OraQuick adatha kuzindikira kuti 86% ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, zochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimawoneka m'mayesero a zamankhwala. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zochitikazo zinali zogwirizana ndi 54 peresenti povomereza sterostat panthawi yovuta kwambiri .
Ndi umboni wowonjezereka wakuti kulowerera mu nthawi ya matenda oopsa kungachepetse chitukuko cha malo osungirako malo omwe HIV imadziwika kubisa (kapena "kupitiriza") kwa zaka zambiri, kufunika kwa mayesero ndi madigiri akulu a zokhudzidwa kwakhala chofunikira-makamaka mu kuwala kuitanitsa kuyesa konsekonse ndi mankhwala onse pakhomo ndi padziko lonse lapansi .
Ngakhale kuti phukusi la OraQuick likulongosola mwatsatanetsatane owonetsa za chiopsezo cha kuyesedwa msanga, kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu kuyenera kuyikidwa pa kukonzanso mankhwala, osati kuzindikiritsa ogula, kuthana ndi zofooka izi.
Kodi Kuyesera Kwawo Kwathu Kudzatha Kulimbitsa Mliri Woleza Mtima Kusamalira?
Kuchokera pa ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, imodzi mwa zolinga zazikulu za kuyesa kunyumba ndi kuonjezera chiwerengero cha odwala omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV ku US Ndi cholinga chofuna kuti anthu 437,000 okha a 874,000 a ku America omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV apite kuchipatala, malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku ambiri amasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri akuvomereza kuvomereza kunyumba, palibe deta kwenikweni kuti adziwe ngati odwala akudzigwirizanitsa ndi chisamaliro chifukwa cha mayesowa.
Ngakhale kuti maphunziro angapo ku Africa asonyeza kuwonjezereka kwa mgwirizano pambuyo poyesedwa kunyumba-ndi pafupifupi 300% pazinthu zina-izi zinkachitika pambuyo poyendera uphungu wokayesa kuyesedwa ndi ophunzitsidwa bwino.
Popanda njira zoterezi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku US, kodi zikhoza kuyembekezera apa kapena, mwinamwake mwinamwake, kodi zimapangitsa kusiyana?
Ambiri amavomereza kuti zingakhale zovuta kuyang'anitsitsa bwinobwino malo opimidwa ochulukirapo osanena zotsatira za kulumikizana kuti asamalidwe atayesedwa. Chomwe timachidziwa, komabe, kuti kuyesa kachilombo ka HIV kosavomerezeka, komweko, kumakhala kochepa m'madera ena ofunika kwambiri-makamaka kuchepetsa makhalidwe akuluakulu omwe amapezeka mwa iwo omwe amayesa zoipa.
Mu kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, 5,000 mwachangu odwala adalandira alandilo othandizira kapena kaphatikizidwe ka uphungu mwamsanga pasanafike yesero lofulumira. Pambuyo pa miyezi 12, odwalawo anawerengedwanso. Powonongeka, 11.1% a gulu lodziwitsa anthu okhawo adapeza matenda opatsirana pogonana , koma odwala omwewo (12.3%) adalandira matenda opatsirana pogonana atapatsidwa uphungu wochepa. Zomwe anazipezazo zinali zogwirizana muzipatala zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ataganizira zaka za mliri, chikhalidwe ndi mtundu.
Kuwonetsa makompyuta ndi HIV / STD Pulogalamu ya Umoyo Wathunthu, Seattle & King County analimbikitsanso mfundo imeneyi, poyesa kuti kuyesa kumudzi kungawonjezere kuchuluka kwa HIV pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) kuyambira pa 18.6% mpaka pakati 22.5% mpaka 27.5%.
Ngakhale zilibe kanthu kuti izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti kuyesa kachilombo ka HIV kumalo osokoneza bongo kudzasokoneza thanzi labwino, kumatsimikizira kufunikira kwa kufotokoza kwakukulu kwa zopindulitsa ndi zoperewera za kuyesedwa kwa kachilombo ka HIV, kwa ogula komanso ogwira ntchito zaumoyo.
Zotsatira:
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Pakhomo Loyamba Loyamba-Gwiritsani Ntchito kachilombo ka HIV kamvomerezedwa kuti mudziyese." Mauthenga a zaumoyo a EDA Ogula. Silver Spring, MD; July 2012. Ndemanga: UCM311690.
The Wall Street Journal. "OraQuick (R) Kuyezetsa HIV kwapakhomo kumayambitsa ndondomeko yatsopano yowunikira -" Moyo. Monga tikudziwira (TM) "Ikulimbikitsa Kuyezetsa HIV pakati pa Magulu Oopsa." Nkhani yomasulira inatuluka pa September 30, 2013.
Wowonjezera, C .; Louie, B ;; Facente, S .; et al. "Kuchita kwa Rapid Point-of-Care ndi Zoyesera za Laboratory kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zowononga kachilombo ka HIV ku San Francisco." PLOS | Mmodzi. December 12, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / magazini.pone.0080629.
Pai, N .; Sharma, J .; Shivkumar, S; et al. "Kusamalidwa ndi Kusayang'anitsika Komwe Kudziyesa kwa HIV ku Vuto Lalikulu ndi Losauka: Kusintha Kwambiri." PLOS | Mmodzi . April 2, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / magazini.pmed.1001414.
Macpherson, P .; et al. "Kuyezetsa kunyumba ndi kukhazikitsa kachilombo ka HIV kutsata kudziyezetsa kwa HIV: kuyesedwa kwasankhulidwe ka masango kuti athetse mgwirizano ku ART ku Blantyre, Malawi." Msonkhano wa 20 pa ma Retroviruses ndi Matenda Opondereza (CROI); Atlanta, Georgia; Mfundo 95LB, 2013.
Metsch, L .; Kuthamanga, D .; Gooden, L .; et al. "Kuwopsa kwa uphungu wochepetsa kuchepetsa chiopsezo ndi kuyeza kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV poika chiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana pogonana. Journal ya American Medical Association. October 23, 2013; 310 (16): 1701-1710.
Katz, D .; Cassels, S .; ndi Sketler, J. "Kukhazikitsa Chithandizo Chachipatala Choyesa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pakhomo Poyesa Kuwonjezera Kugonana kwa HIV Pakati pa Seattle Amuna Amene Amagonana ndi Amuna: Umboni Wochokera ku Masamu." Matenda Opatsirana pogonana. January 2014; 41 (1): 2-9.