Kuyerekeza ndi Zowonongeka Zowonongeka Zowonongeka
Gulu la Ogwira Ntchito Yotsitsimula ku United States likuyamikira kuyesa kwa kachilombo ka HIV kwa anthu onse a ku America zaka 15-65 monga gawo la ulendo wodalirika. Kuonjezerapo, anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha HIV (mwachitsanzo, ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo , amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna ) akulangizidwa kuti ayesedwe chaka chilichonse.
Imodzi mwa njira zowonjezereka kwambiri zowunikira HIV ndi mayesero ofulumira, omwe alipo monga maulendo onse awiriwa ndi osamalidwa.
Amalola odwala kuti apeze mphindi 20, kuchepetsa nkhawa zomwe nthawi zina zingalepheretse anthu kubwerera ku zotsatira zawo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono ofanana ndi mayeso a anti-antibody, kuyesa mwamsanga kwa kachirombo ka HIV kumapezeka komanso kuyesa magazi (kufunsa dokotala kuti ayambe kukupatsani chala) kapena phula (kufunikanso kuti mulowe mkamwa).
Pali mayeso angapo ofulumira a HIV omwe akuvomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Zina zimapezeka kokha ku ofesi ya dokotala pomwe wina ( OraQuick In-Home HIV kit ) angathe kugula pa intaneti kapena ku pharmacy.
Pakati pa mayesero ambiri omwe alipo alipo:
OraQuick Advanced Rapid HIV-1/2 Test Antibody
Mayeso ofulumira ameneŵa adavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi magazi a mitsempha, madzi a m'magazi ndi zamadzimadzi kuti azindikire HIV-1 ndi HIV-2. Chiyesochi chimakhala ndi pangidwe laling'ono. Malo oyezetsa magazi ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi 1 ndi HIV-2.
Chitsanzo choyesera (magazi, plasma, kapena mawu amadzimadzi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatope (pakamwa pamlomo wamadzimadzi amatha kusungunuka mkati mwa pakamwa) ndikuyika njira yothetsera.
Ngati chitsanzocho chili ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kamakhala ndi mapuloteni osakanizidwa pazitsulo zoyezetsa HIV zomwe zimayambitsa mzere wofiira.
Mzere wofiira womwe ukupezeka kumalo oyesera ndi malo olamulira a paddle amasonyeza mayeso abwino. Mayeso onse abwino amafunika kutsimikiziridwa ndi magazi. Mayeso ofulumira ayenera kuwerengedwa pasanathe mphindi 20 ndipo pasanathe mphindi makumi 40 zotsatila zitayikidwa mu njira yothetsera.
Kuvumbula G2 Kuyezetsa kwa HIV-1
Kuyeza kwachilombo ka HIV kotereku kwatsimikiziridwa kuti kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi plasma kapena sampuli zitsanzo. Pamene mayesowa atenga mphindi zitatu kuti ayambe kukula, mayeserowa ndi ovuta kuposa OraQuick chifukwa amafunikira seramu kapena plasma. Mayesowa ali ndi cartridge ndi malo oyesa. Mofanana ndi OraQuick, kachilombo ka HIV kamene kalipo mu test test yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni omwe amaperekedwa m'deralo, ndikupangitsa dontho lofiira liwonekere. Ngati dotolo wofiira ikuwoneka pamodzi ndi mzere wofiira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuyang'anira mayeso amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza, kufunikira kuyesa kovomerezeka.
Chiyeso cha United-Gold Reconbigent HIV-1
Uni-Gold yativomerezedwa kwa ife ndi magazi athunthu, plasma, kapena seramu kuchokera pamtunda kapena ndodo. Zimapangidwa ndi cartridge zamakona ndi malo oyesa, malo olamulira, ndi chithunzi chabwino. Chitsanzocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsanzo zomwe zimaloledwa kutengapo, kutsatila pambali ya mayesero otsogolera m'madera omwe amayesedwa.
Monga momwe zilili m'mayesero awiri oyambirira omwe takambirana, kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamangogwira kwa mapuloteni m'deralo, ndikuyambitsa mzere wofiira.
Chiyeso chimaonedwa kuti ndi chabwino ngati mzere wofiira umapezeka m'dera lonse la mayesero ndi malo olamulira. Chitsanzo chikuonedwa kuti n'chokwanira ngati chithunzi chofiira ndi chofiira. Mofanana ndi mayesero onse ofulumira ngati mayesero ali otsimikizirika, kuyesedwa kovomerezeka kumafunika.
Mayeso Ofulumira a Multispot HIV-1 / HIV
Kuyezetsa magazi kumeneku kwavomerezedwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito pa pulasitiki ndi madzi atsopano, magazi, kapena seramu. Multispot ili ndi test cartridge ndi zisanu reagents: Cartridge ili ndi nembanemba yomwe michala ya microparticles imalepheretsedwa mu malo anai; magawo awiri a HIV-1; malo amodzi a HIV-2; ndi malo amodzi oyang'anira kuti chitsimikizocho chikhale chokwanira.
Mayesowa amawoneka kuti ndi othandiza kwa HIV-1 ngati malo olamulira komanso onse awiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kukhala ofiira, komanso amakhala ndi HIV / 2 ngati mabala ndi ma ARV akuwonekera. Ngati pepala likuwonekera pa malo olamulira, kachilombo ka HIV-kachiwiri, ndi malo amodzi kapena onse awiri omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, mayeserowa amawoneka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (undifferentiated). Pankhaniyi, zitsanzozi zingayesedwe ndi njira zina zomwe zimalola kusiyana pakati pa HIV ndi 1 ndi HIV. Chiyeso ndi choipa pamene malo olamulira okha amapezeka. Kupezeka kwa malo olamulira kumasonyeza zotsatira zosayenera, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wina uliwonse.
Mayesero Olakwika Amayamba
Vuto lina la kuyesa mofulumira kachirombo ka HIV ndilokupezeka kwa mayesero olakwika komanso oipa . Ngakhale kuti matembenuzidwe atsopano atsopano athandizidwa pa zotsatira zabodza, pali zina zomwe zikudetsa nkhaŵa pakhomo la kunyumba la mayeso OraQuick mwamsanga ( chithunzi ).
Malinga ndi zotsatira za chiyeso chachitatu cha anthu, chiwerengero chimodzi mwa khumi ndi awiri (12) cha OraQuick m'nyumba zoyesayesa chinabweretsa zotsatira zoipa zabodza, chifukwa cha chiwerengero chochepa cha mankhwalawa. Mayesero angathe kuphonya kachilombo ngati atachita nthawi yomwe amatchedwa zenera , komwe ma antibodies ali otsika kwambiri kuti asazindikiridwe molondola. Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika umatchulidwanso ngati chodetsa nkhaŵa.
Ngakhale zili choncho, magulu olimbikitsa amatsutsa kuti mayesero ngati awa amachititsa kuti munthu asamayang'ane m'manja mwake.
Zotsatira zake, ma laboratoire ku US akusintha kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mayesero a antigen / antibody (kuphatikizapo Alere Determine HIV-1/2 Combo ) yomwe imangowonjezera nthawi yowonekera koma nthawi zina imapangitsa kuti yankho lolondola pa sitepe yoyambirira (pachimake) ya matenda .
Zotsatira:
Pant Pai, N .; Balram, B ;; Shivkumar, S .; et al. "Kufanizira mutu ndi mutu wa kulondola kwa kuyesa kwachangu koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV ndi m'kamwa motsutsana ndi zitsanzo zonse za magazi: ndondomeko yowonongeka ndi kusanthula meta." Matenda Opatsirana a Lancet. January 24, 2012; 12 (5): 373-380.
Wowonjezera, C .; Louie, B ;; Facente, S .; et al. "Kuchita kwa Rapid Point-of-Care ndi Zoyesera za Laboratory kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zowononga kachilombo ka HIV ku San Francisco." PLOS | Mmodzi. December 12, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / magazini.pone.0080629.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Pakhomo Loyamba Loyamba-Gwiritsani Ntchito kachilombo ka HIV kamvomerezedwa kuti mudziyese." Mauthenga a zaumoyo a EDA Ogula. Silver Spring, MD; July 2012. Ndemanga: UCM311690