Kodi Zindipatsadi "Chizindikiro Choyera"?
Wina angaganize kuti kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kudzadulidwa bwino ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala kuti alibe HIV kapena kachirombo ka HIV. HIV sizitanthauza kuti mulibe zizindikiro za HIV m'magazi anu. HIV imatanthawuza kuti mumakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Koma pali zochitika pamene kuyesa koyambitsa HIV sikungakhale konse komwe kumawonekera. Poyesera kachirombo ka HIV, pali nthawi yayitali yawindo pamene munthu angathe kuyesa zolakwika ndipo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Ndipo zifukwa zosavuta: pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka, chitetezo cha munthu chimayamba kukhala ndi mapuloteni apadera otchedwa antibodies , omwe amadziwika bwino ndi omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Ndi ma antibodies omwe ambiri amawayezetsa HIV.
Koma chowonadi chosavuta ndi chakuti zimatengera nthawi yokwanira kuti ma antibodies apangidwe kuti apeze kachilombo ka HIV kuti awone. Choncho, ngati kachilombo kochepa ka HIV kamapangidwa pamene munthu ayesedwa, zotsatira zake zowonongeka zidzabwezedwa ngati zoipa ngakhale kuti matenda enieni achitika.
Kodi Ndikudziwa Motani Kuti Mayesero Anga Ali Ochepa?
Pofuna kutsimikiza kuti kachilombo ka HIV sikanachitike, madokotala adalimbikitsa kuyesa kayezetsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV, poyesedwa koyambirira atangotengedwa patadutsa miyezi itatu yomwe yatengedwa patatha miyezi itatu. Madokotala ena amalimbikitsanso kachilombo ka HIV patapita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Ngati mayesero onse ali oipa, ndipo munthu alibe kachilombo ka HIV, ndiye kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Komabe, ngati wina ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa mayesero (monga kugonana kosakondomu kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo), mayeso amayenera kubwerezedwa, kuyambira pachiyambi cha chiwonetsero chatsopano.
Mankhwala atsopano oyesera, ogwiritsira ntchito anti-antigen / antigen detection , ali olondola kwambiri komanso omveka kuposa mayesero akale a antibody. Izi ndi zowonjezereka zowononga kachirombo ka HIV pamayambiriro oyambirira, maulendo akuluakulu a matenda, kuchepetsa nthawi yazenera ndi mwezi.
Mayesowa amagwira ntchito pozindikira kuti mapuloteni enieni omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV amatchedwa antigen , omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitengeke.
Kwa mayesero awa, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ku Atlanta yatsimikiza kuti mayesero amodzi a antigen / anti-antibody omwe amatengedwa mkati mwazenera ndi okwanira kutsimikizira kuti alibe zotsatira za HIV. Palibe kuyesedwa kwina kofunikira.
Kuyeza Mipango
Chonde dziwani kuti pamene mayeso ambiri a kachilombo ka HIV - monga ma test RNA-based test or anti-antigen / antigen - angakhale ndi nthawi yowonjezera, zowona ndi zowona zimasiyana, nthawi zina. Ngakhale pakati pa zojambulazo, ena amadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto la 87 peresenti ya matenda opatsirana ndi ena omwe ali pamwamba pa 54 peresenti.
Nthawi zonse muziyankhula ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu pa nthawi yomwe muyenera kuyesedwa ndipo ngati mutayesedwa mungafunikire kuti mukhulupirire kwambiri zotsatira.
Ndizinenedwa zonsezi, kuyesa mofulumira kachirombo ka HIV kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'makliniki ndi kunyumba, ndipo amayesa ma antibodies. Mu 2012, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inavomereza kuti ntchito yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito kachilombo ka HIV imatchedwa OraQuick, yomwe imapezeka m'masitolo ambiri ogulitsira malonda masiku ano. Mayesero awa apakhomo amayesetsa kupeza ma antibodies a kachilomboka kuchokera pamatumba a munthu, zotsatira za kuwoneka mkati mwa mphindi 20 mpaka 40.
Koma mosiyana ndi mayesero ofanana omwe amaperekedwa kuzipatala ndi kuchipatala, mawonekedwe apanyumba adzabala pafupifupi zotsatira imodzi yonyenga kuchokera pa mayesero 12 omwe anachita. Ngati chiyesochi chikuchitidwa molakwika kapena posachedwa, chitsimikizo cha zotsatira zabodza chidzakhala chachikulu.
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mayeso apanyumba, musatenge mwayi uliwonse. Lumikizanani ndi maola 24 othandizira olembedwa pa phukusi ngati pali mafunso ena, kukayikira, kapena nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kulondola ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi.
Kodi Ndingatani Ngati Ndili ndi HIV?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwapezeka ndi kachirombo ka HIV, pitani mwamsanga kwa dokotala kapena chipinda chodzidzimutsa kuti muyesedwe mwamsanga. Mungathe kupereka chithandizo cha post-exposure prophylaxis , mankhwala opatsirana kachilombo ka HIV omwe angachepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ngati mutayamba mkati mwa maola 48.
Zotsatira:
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Kuyezetsa Mapulogalamu Kuti Adziwe Zachilombo ka HIV: Maphunziro Otsindika." Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa June 27, 2014.
> US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Pakhomo Loyamba Loyamba-Gwiritsani Ntchito kachilombo ka HIV kamvomerezedwa kuti mudziyese." Rockville, Maryland; inatulutsidwa pa June 3, 2012.