Nthawi zambiri, kuchepetsa kuyesa kungalepheretse kulondola
Ngakhale kuti mlingo wa zowononga zachinyengo ndi zabodza zowononga kachirombo ka HIV ndizochepa, nthawi zina zimachitika. Zochitika zawo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zolephera zamakono zamakono, komanso nthawi imene mayesero a munthu akuyendera.
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwachinyengo kwa anthu ambiri ku United States kuli pafupifupi 0.003 peresenti, kapena katatu pa mayesero 100,000.
Ziphuphu zabwino ndizochepa kwambiri-pakati pa 0.0004 peresenti ndi 0.0007 peresenti - chifukwa chochita zomwe zotsatira zoyambirira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mayesero achiwiri.
Zolakwika ndi Zolakwika Zonyenga
Chifukwa chakutanthauzira kwake kwakukulu, zotsatira zabwino zabodza ndizo zomwe zimadziwika molakwika munthu yemwe alibe kachirombo ka HIV ngati ali ndi HIV. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, cholakwika ndi chonyenga chimene chimadziwitsa munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kuti alibe kachilomboka.
Kuyezetsa kachirombo ka HIV kumagwira ntchito pozindikira ma antibodies a HIV mwachitsanzo kapena magazi. Ma antibodies ali mapuloteni ofanana ndi Y omwe amapangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi kuti athandize kuteteza thupi kwa achilendo, monga HIV.
Choncho, mu zotsatira zoipa zabodza, mayesero amalephera kapena sangathe kuzindikira kachilombo ka HIV. Izi zimapezeka kawirikawiri osati chifukwa cha mayeso okha, koma chifukwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amayesedwa msanga nthawi yomwe imatchedwa " window window ." PanthaĊµiyi mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi siinapange mankhwala okwanira omwe amateteza kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV kuti alembetse mayankho omwe angayang'ane ndi matekinoloje omwe akuyesedwa.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka pamene kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV kamatchula molakwika munthu yemwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV ngati wodwala kachilombo ka HIV. Pa nthawi yomwe izi sizichitika, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati ma antigen omwe amafanana ndi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV amapezeka. Matenda ena amodzimadzimadzi, monga lupus , akhala akudziwika kuti ayankhe yankho.
Kuyezetsa HIV ndikulondola
Pakati pa anthu ambiri, mlingo wa zonyenga ndi zonyenga makamaka zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu komanso zenizeni za mayeso ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu chiyanjano cha HIV:
- Kukhudzidwa kumatanthauzidwa ngati chiwerengero cha zabwino zenizeni omwe amadziwika kuti ndi otero. Mavuto otsika omwe amamvetsetsa amatsutsana ndi zotsatira zoipa zabodza.
- Zenizeni zimatanthauzidwa ngati chiwerengero cha zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizo. Zomwe zili zochepa zogwirizana ndi zotsatira zabodza zambiri.
Kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kameneka kamakhala koyenera kwambiri. Magazi a HIV ELISA ali ndi mphamvu pakati pa 99.3 peresenti ndi 99.7 peresenti, ndipakati pa 99.91 peresenti ndi 99.97 peresenti. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Western blot, izi zikutanthawuza pafupifupi imodzi yonyenga zabwino kuchokera 250,000 mayesero ambiri ambiri US. Mayesero atsopano, achinayi omwe adayesedwa , omwe amayesa ma antibodies ndi antigen, amavomereza kuti ali ndi vuto la 99.9 peresenti.
Malinga ndi Magazi / Mwamsanga
Kuyeza kwachangu kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV kwakhala kutchuka m'makliniki a zaumoyo ndipo, posachedwa, ngati kuyesa, kuyesa kwanu. Ngakhale kuti mayesowa amadziwika bwino, amadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi omwe amagazi awo, omwe ali ndi magawo awiri pazifukwa zochepa.
Pamene kulondola kwa mayeserowa kumayesedwa, mkulu wa US Food and Drug Administration adanena kuti zambiri mwa mayesero khumi ndi awiri omwe ali kunyumba zimabweretsa zotsatira zabodza.
Kafukufuku wodziimira okhawo wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mwachitsanzo kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kosakwanira) ndi kuyesedwa msanga makamaka ndizolakwa, makamaka popeza ma antibodies angapo omwe amapezeka m'matumbo amakhala otsika kwambiri pambuyo pa kachilombo ka posachedwapa. Ngakhale kuti pali zolephera izi, CDC imathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mayesero apanyumba ku US chifukwa cha zovuta zawo, mosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kukwanitsa. Iwo amaonanso kuti ndi njira yomwe ingathandizire kuonjezera kuvomereza kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'madera osalidwa kumene ambiri mwa magawo makumi asanu ndi awiri (21%) opatsirana amapezeka osadziwika.
Mukatenga kachilombo ka HIV kunyumba, mungachepetse chiopsezo cha zotsatira zabodza mwa:
- Potsatira malangizo opangidwa ndi opanga komanso kugwiritsira ntchito tsamba la ogula malonda ngati zotsatila zikhale zosadziwika.
- Onetsetsani kuti musayesedwe mofulumira kwambiri. Kawirikawiri anthu amakhala ndi ziwerengero zowononga kachirombo ka HIV m'masiku 30 a matenda, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amatenga nthawi yaitali kwa miyezi itatu nthawi zina.
- Kuchiza zotsatira zoyipa motsatira mwatcheru ngati mumadzikhulupirira kuti muli pachiopsezo chotenga matenda.
Ngati simukukayikira za zotsatira zanu zapakhomo kapena simudziwa ngati zakhala zikuchitika, ganizirani mobwerezabwereza masabata angapo pa malo ovomerezeka a HIV pafupi ndi inu. Mungapeze imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito malo opezeka pa intaneti pa HIV.gov.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati mwakhala mwadzidzidzi kuti muli ndi kachirombo ka HIV, kaya mukugonana mosatetezeka, nsanamira zogwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena kondomu yopasuka, pitani kuchipatala chanu chapafupi kapena chipinda chodzidzimutsa kuti mukapeze chithandizo chamankhwala chotchedwa post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) . akhoza kuteteza matenda ngati atangoyamba kumene kutuluka.
Mukadzafika, mudzapatsidwa mayeso ofulumira kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi HIV kapena HIV. Ngati mulibe kachilombo ka HIV, mumapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amodzi awiri kapena atatu omwe muyenera kuyambitsa mwamsanga ndipo mutenge milungu inayi.
Chirichonse chimene mungachite, musayembekezere. Ngakhale PEP ingayambe ndi maola 72, imawoneka ngati yogwira bwino ngati yayambitsidwa mkati mwa maola 24 oyambirira.
> Zotsatira:
Malm, K .; von Sydow, M .; ndi Andersson, S. "Kuchita bwino kwa mibadwo itatu yachinayi kuphatikizapo HIV antigen / antibody testay s kuwonetsetsa kwakukulu kwa opereka magazi ndi zitsanzo zamankhwala." Kuika Magazi Mankhwala. 2009: 19 (2): 78-88.
Branson, B ;; Owen, S .; Wesolowski, M .; et al. "Kuyezetsa Mapulogalamu Kuti Adziwe Zachilombo ka HIV: Maphunziro Otsindika." Zolinga ndi Kupewa Matenda a US; Atlanta, Georgia; June 27, 2014.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Pakhomo Loyamba Loyamba-Gwiritsani Ntchito kachilombo ka HIV kamvomerezedwa kuti mudziyese." Silver Springs, Maryland. April 13, 2013.
Pant Pai, N .; Balram, B ;; Shivkumar, S .; et al. "Kufanizira mutu ndi mutu wa kulondola kwa kuyesa kwachangu koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV ndi m'kamwa motsutsana ndi zitsanzo zonse za magazi: ndondomeko yowonongeka ndi kusanthula meta." Matenda Opatsirana a Lancet. January 24, 2012; 12 (5): 373-380.