Lupus ndi matenda omwe amadzimadzimadzi okha omwe amatenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe machitidwe a lupus erythematosus (SLE) amodzi. Lupus ikhoza kukhudza mbali iliyonse ya thupi, koma nthawi zambiri imayambitsa khungu lanu, ziwalo, mtima, mapapo, maselo a magazi, impso, ndi ubongo. Pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 1.5 a ku America ali ndi lupus, malinga ndi Lupus Foundation ya America, ndipo pafupifupi 16,000 amapezeka kumene chaka chilichonse.
Aliyense yemwe ali ndi msinkhu uliwonse akhoza kutenga matendawa, ngakhale odwala ambiri a lupus ndi amayi a pakati pa zaka 15 ndi 45.
Chitetezo cha Immune
Kawirikawiri, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimateteza thupi lathu polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga tizilombo ndi mabakiteriya. Ndi matenda osadziwika, chitetezo cha chitetezo cha chitetezo cha thupi chimayamba kuteteza thupi.
Izi zikachitika, munthu amatha kutupa (chinthu chachikulu cha lupus), kupweteka, ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Kutupa mkati mwake kungayambitse kupweteka, kutentha, kufiira, kutupa, ndi kutayika kwa ntchito, kaya mkati (ziwalo zina), kunja (kwenikweni khungu), kapena onse awiri.
Kuwongolera matenda monga lupus kungakhale kovuta kudziwa ndi kusiyanitsa.
Mitundu ya Lupus
Pali mitundu inayi ya lupus yomwe imakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi lupus ngati munthu wina, zizindikiro zanu sizikhala zofanana, chifukwa matendawa ndi ofunika kwambiri.
Lupus Erythematosus Yodabwitsa (SLE)
Njira yambiri ya lupus ndi systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yomwe ingakhudze mbali zambiri za thupi, kuphatikizapo ziwalo, khungu, mitsempha ya magazi, ndi ziwalo. Mtundu uwu umakhudza pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa pamene anthu amatchula "lupus."
ANTHU odwala matendawa amatha kupitilira zaka zowopsya, kutopa kwambiri, zopweteka kapena zotupa, kapena malungo osadziwoneka kuti amatha kuyesa matendawa kapena dokotala yemwe amatha kudziwa bwinobwino SLE. Zizindikirozi zimabwera ndikuyenda zonse mwakamodzi ndipo zimatha kukhala zochepa mpaka zochepa.
SLE nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti akugwiritsa ntchito anti-nuclear antibody test test (ANA) , yomwe imadziwika kuti autoantibodies yomwe imayambitsa thupi ndi maselo. ANA yabwino sizitanthauza kuti muli ndi lupus, koma kuti zotsatira zake ndi chimodzi mwazidzidzidzi zomwe zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zanu, kuyezetsa thupi, ndi zina, zowona za ma laboratory.
Lupus Yophatikiza Mankhwala
Kupweteka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumawoneka ndi zizindikiro zofanana, koma makamaka zimabweretsedwera ndi mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala, omwe amatengedwa nthawi yaitali. Kupweteka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumawongolera kwathunthu pamene mankhwalawa achotsedwa, ndipo zizindikiro zimatha kutha mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mtundu uwu umakhala pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya milandu ya lupus.
Mankhwala ambiri akhala akudziwika kuti amachititsa mtundu uwu wa matenda, koma angapo amaonedwa kuti ndi ochimwa aakulu. Zimakhala zotsutsana ndi inflammatories, antiticonvulsants, kapena mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda aakulu monga matenda a mtima, chithokomiro, kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi), ndi matenda a neuropsychiatric.
Mankhwala atatuwa makamaka omwe amachititsa kuti lupus isokonezeke ndi:
- procainamide - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse mtima wamaganizo
- hydralazine - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda
- isoniazid - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chifuwa chachikulu
Lupus yochepa
Anthu ena ali ndi khungu loyera la lupus, ndipo amapezeka ndi lupus-mtundu wosiyana wa lupus umene, wokha, umawerengera pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya milandu ya lupus. Komabe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a lupus timapezanso pa magawo awiri pa atatu a anthu omwe amapezeka ndi SLE.
Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya lupus, ndi vuto la thupi lanu lomwe limayambitsa khungu lake lenileni. Cholinga chenichenicho cha mawonekedwewa sichikudziwika, ngakhale amayi ali ndi mwayi wokhala nacho ndipo akhoza kuthamanga m'mabanja.
Kusuta fodya ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwasonyezedwa kuti zowonjezera vutoli.
Pali, makamaka kuyankhula, mitundu itatu ya lupus yowonjezera, kuphatikizapo:
- Matenda osadziwika ( discoid lupus ): Mu discoid lupus, mtundu wambiri wa lupus wodwala wodwalayo, zilonda zotupa zimayamba kumaso, makutu, scalp, ndi zina. Zilondazi zikhoza kukhala zovuta kapena zosalala. Kaŵirikaŵiri samavulaza kapena kutentha. Odwala ena amafotokoza zovuta ndi zofiira pamphuno, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tsitsi lisapitirire kukula. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi discoid lupus alibe SLE. Ndipotu, kutulukira lupus kumakhala kofala kwambiri kwa amuna kuposa akazi.
- Kuthana ndi matendawa : Zilonda za khungu la lupus wambiri zimakhala zofewa. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli, omwe ali ndi mtundu wake wa lupus, omwe ali ndi mapepala ofiira ofiira, omwe ali olimba ndi owukitsidwa, otupa khungu. Mipangidwe iyi ingapezeke yokha kapena magulu ndipo imakhala kukula kuchokera 5 mm mpaka 20 mm, kawirikawiri imawonekera pa thunthu, kuphatikizapo chapamwamba ndi kumbuyo. Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi SLE amakumana ndi lupus. Mankhwala ena amachititsanso kuti matenda a lupus asokonezeke.
- Zokonda kwambiri: Ichi ndi mtundu wa khungu lomwe limapezeka pamene SLE yanu ikugwira ntchito. Zilonda zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lupus kwambiri zowonongeka zimaoneka ngati malo ofiira a khungu lofiira pamaso, kukumbukira kutentha kwa dzuwa- kuthamanga kwa gulugufe . Zilondazi zikhoza kuoneka pa mikono, miyendo, ndi thupi, ndipo zimakhala zojambula . Ngakhale kuti zilondazi zimatha kutulutsa khungu, siziwombera. Zilondazo zimawoneka nthawi yamoto kapena dzuwa litalowa.
Zindikirani kuti matenda a lupus osadziwika bwino komanso osadziwika angapangidwe mwachindunji, kapena angakhale mawonetseredwe a SLE, pamene lupus yosaoneka bwino imakhalabe kunja kwa SLE.
Nususatal Lupus
Nthesa yotchedwa neonatal lupus ndi yosawerengeka ya lupus yomwe imakhudza mwana kapena mwana wakhanda. Sizowona ngati lupus: Zimakhalapo pamene amayi apamtima amaperekedwa kwa mwana wake mu utero. Mankhwalawa angakhudze khungu, mtima, ndi magazi a mwanayo. Mwamwayi, makanda obadwa ndi nthenda yotchedwa neonatal lupus sakhala pangozi yowonjezereka yopitilira kukhala ndi moyo pang'ono m'moyo.
Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi lupus la neonatal adzakhala ndi ziphuphu zamtundu pobereka. Zotsalayo zidzatuluka miyezi iwiri kapena isanu. Kutuluka kwa dzuwa kumabweretsa mavuto.
Kawirikawiri, pafupipafupi, imatha patatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena posakhalitsa, pamene maantiantibodies a amayi amatheratu kuchokera kwa khanda. Kuchiza kwa zilonda za khungu sikungaposa mafuta odzola kuti athetse kuchepa kwa mapulumulo.
Ngakhale ndizosazoloŵeka, ana ena a amayi omwe ali ndi lupus akhoza kubadwa ndi matenda a mtima omwe amakhala osatha koma ochiritsira pogwiritsa ntchito pacemaker. Zimenezi zimatha kupezeka pakadutsa sabata la 18 la mimba.
Ubwana Lupus
Childus lupus amakhudza kwinakwake pakati pa 5,000 ndi 10,000 ana osakwana zaka 18 ku United States. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti ali pakati pa zaka 11 ndi 15. Ana a msinkhu uliwonse akhoza kukhala ndi lupus, komabe, ndi lupus angagwire ana a mtundu uliwonse kapena mtundu uliwonse.
Lupus amawakhudza ana mofananamo ndi momwe amakhudzira akuluakulu kuti amadziwonetsera mosiyana mwa munthu aliyense, ngakhale kuti akuwoneka kuti ali ndi mbali yambiri yogwirizana. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa ana nthawi zambiri akhala akudwala kwa nthawi yaitali pamene amapezeka.
Zizindikiro mwa ana zimakhala zofanana ndi zikuluzikulu za anthu akuluakulu, zomwe zowonjezereka zimakhala kutopa komanso kupuma. Zizindikiro zooneka bwino za matenda zimaphatikizapo malungo, kuthamanga kwa butterfly, ndi kugwiriridwa kwa impso. Matenda ambiri amapezeka bwino pamene mayeso a magazi a ANA aphatikizidwa mu mayesero opatsirana .
Kuchiza kungafunike kukhala kovuta kwambiri kwa ana, koma madokotala amayenera kusamala za zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za mankhwala, makamaka corticosteroids ngati prednisone. Ana ambiri amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi ubwino woyenera komanso kusamalidwa bwino.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zapweteka zoyambirira komanso zopanda matenda zimayesa matenda a matenda angapo, zomwe zingayambitse matenda osokoneza bongo. Zizindikiro zoyamba zimaphatikizapo:
- Fever
- Kusokonezeka, kapena kusokonezeka kwakukulu
- Chisoni chophatikizana
- Kupweteka kwa minofu
- Kutopa
Kaŵirikaŵiri, zizindikirozo sizigwirizana ndi zizindikiro zina zowonetsa kuti madokotala amatha kuyenda pansi pa lupus. Zizindikiro zimenezo zikuphatikizapo, koma sizingatheke ku:
- Zilonda zapakhungu, zilonda, ndi mphutsi, makamaka kuthamanga kwa malar, komwe kumatchedwa kuthamanga kwa gulugufe
- Anemia
- Kulephera kwa iron
- Matenda a mtima, monga pericarditis, myocarditis, ndi endocarditis
- Pleuritis ndi zina zotupa kutupa
- Nkhani zowonongeka, kuphatikizapo hematuria zopweteka kapena proteinuria (magazi kapena mapuloteni mu mkodzo wanu)
- Kugonjetsa
Zimayambitsa
Lupus akadakali chinsinsi kwa akatswiri azachipatala. Chifukwa chenicheni cha matendawa sichikudziwika, ndipo ambiri amatsutsanabe ngati lupus ndi matenda amodzi kapena kuphatikiza matenda ena ofanana.
Koma chigwirizano pa njira zowonjezereka zomwe lupus limapangidwira ndi izi:
- Genetics (zovuta zomwe mumalandira kuchokera kwa makolo anu)
- Ofufuza zachilengedwe (kuchokera ku mankhwala, nkhawa, matenda, ndi / kapena kuwala kwa dzuwa)
- Zotsatira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo (poyambitsa mankhwala ophera mankhwala)
Kudziwa
Ngati dokotala akudandaula kuti muli ndi lupus erythematosus yochepa kapena mukuphatikizana ndi systemic lupus erythematosus, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zikuganiziridwa, kuphatikizapo:
- Zofufuza za thupi
- Zotsatira za Laboratory
- Mayeso a Antibody
- Zida zamatenda
- Kusamalitsa kwapadera kwachindunji
Pamapeto pake, chifukwa cha zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, zingakhale zovuta kwa dokotala kuti apeze lupus , ndipo anthu ambiri amayamba kutengedwa zaka zisanu pambuyo poyamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro. Choncho, ngati mukumva kuti mukudwala zizindikiro zofanana ndi matenda a lupus, onetsetsani kuti mupite kuchipatala ndikufotokozerani izi.
Chizindikiro cha anthu omwe ali ndi lupus kawirikawiri chimadalira kuchuluka kwa thupi. M'mawu ena, kodi matendawa akuwongolera ziwalo m'malo mwa khungu ndi ziwalo? Kupulumuka kwa odwala lupus omwe ali ndi pakati pa zizindikiro za mitsempha , ziwalo zazikulu zogwirira ntchito, ndi / kapena matenda a impso , akhoza kukhala achidule kusiyana ndi omwe ali ndi khungu komanso / kapena matenda olowa pamodzi ndi lupus. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha imfa chokhudzana ndi lupus ndi matenda chifukwa cha kuteteza thupi, chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amatha kuchiza matenda makamaka makamaka kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.
Chithandizo
Pakali pano, palibe mankhwala a lupus. Chithandizo chimayang'ana kuthetsa kuyankhidwa kwapadera, kuchepetsa kutupa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo, ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro:
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga anti-inflammatory drugs ndi omasulira ma chitetezo cha m'thupi
- Kukhala ndi moyo wambiri, kuphatikizapo kulemera ndi kutetezedwa ku dzuwa
- Kuchulukanso (ndi zina zothandizira)
- Kuchiza thupi
Kwa odwala ena omwe ali ovutika kwambiri, matenda a lupus amatha kusamalidwa ngati matenda aakulu, koma matendawa akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri komanso ngakhale kuopseza ena. Matendawa satsatira njira yodziwika, kotero kuti odwala lupus amavutika kwambiri (flares) ndi nthawi yothetsera-ngakhale mankhwala.
Kulimbana
Lupus ikhoza kubweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, makamaka ngati mwatenga kumene. Kuphunzira kuthana ndi matenda anu kumatenga nthawi ndikuchita zinthu, ndipo kumaphatikizapo zinthu monga kudziphunzitsa nokha ndi okondedwa anu za matenda anu, kudziyang'anira mwa kupuma mokwanira ndikudya bwino, kuphunzira momwe mungasamalire moto wanu, ndi kupeza chithandizo.
> Zotsatira:
> Femia AN. Matenda osakanikirana ndi Matenda a Lupus Erythematosus. Kusaka. Idasinthidwa pa June 8, 2016.
> Lupus Foundation ya America. Kuzindikira Lupus mwa Ana. Kusinthidwa pa August 16, 2013.
> Lupus Foundation ya America. Zolemba ndi Lupus za Lupus.
> Sontheimer RD. Momwe Lupus Amakhudzira Khungu. Lupus Foundation ya America. Idasinthidwa pa July 12, 2013.