Chimodzi mwa zochitika za katemera wa Edzi ndi chakuti kachilombo kamene kamatha "kubisala" kudziwika kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha mthupi komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo. M'malo mofalitsa mwaufulu m'magazi kumene angadziŵike mosavuta, kachilombo kameneka kamadzipangira maselo ndi ziphuphu m'thupi lonse lomwe limatchedwa state proviral.
M'madera ake, kachilombo ka HIV kamangowonjezera ma genetic ake mu selo yake yolandiridwa. Choncho mmalo mofotokozera ngati kachilombo koyambitsa maulendo, imangowonjezeranso pamene selo lolandiridwa limatsindika. Chotsatira chake, chitetezo cha mthupi sichidziwitsidwa kuti kukhalapo kwa kachilombo ka HIV kumakhalapo panthawi imeneyi, kuti izi zikhalebe zosawerengeka kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo.
Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka HIV si kokha kachilomboka kamene kamadziwika kuti kakuchita izi, kuthekera kwake kubisala kwathetsa kuthetsa kwakukulu kosatheka, kuchititsa chidwi akatswiri pazaka 30 zapitazo.
Pakadali pano, asayansi sadziŵa ngakhale pang'ono momwe mazembera akulowera. Kafukufuku wochokera ku yunivesite ya John Hopkins mu 2103 adanena kuti malo osungiramo zida za HIV angakhale ochuluka kwambiri kuposa momwe kale ankaganizira.
Pamene kuyesayesa kuli kuyesayesa kuyambitsa ndi "kukankha" kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera ku maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ochepa omwe atsimikiziridwa angathe kuthana ndi njira zoyenera kuti athetsere mankhwala.
Kumvetsetsa Proviral State
Mwakutanthawuza, provirus ndi jini (genome) ya kachilombo kamene kamasakanikirana ndi DNA ya selo yolandira kachilombo.
Pali zigawo ziwiri za proviral. Yoyamba imangokhala sitepe yowonjezera kachilomboka pamene pulogalamu ya "hijacks" yododometsa kachilombo ka selo yolandiridwa-kupyolera mu ndondomeko yotchedwa mRNA kusindikizidwa-ndipo imatsogolera kugwiritsidwa kwa kachilombo katsopano, kamene kamapitirira kukhudza ma maselo ena.
Izi zimatchedwa matenda othandiza.
Wachiwiri ndi boma limene kachilombo kamene sikangayambire koma m'malo mwake imatengedwa mopanda pang'onopang'ono mu DNA ya selo yolandiridwayo pamene ikuyimira mibadwomibadwo. Izi zimatchedwa matenda opatsirana , ndipo maselo omwe amapezeka ndi provirus amatchulidwa kuti malo osungira .
Matenda opatsirana amatha kuphulika mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo omwe akukhalapo kapena thanzi la munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka. Mu HIV, izi zimachitika pamene mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV amalephera , chifukwa cha kukula kwa kukana kapena kusamalidwa , komanso / kapena pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chitatha chifukwa cha matenda.
Izi zikachitika, "provisus" yosasunthika ingayambe mwadzidzidzi ndipo imayamba kufotokozera mtundu wake, kutulutsa kachilombo katsopano pamene ikupha selo.
Imodzi mwa zovuta za kapangidwe ka katemera wa kachilombo ka HIV ndikutenga njira zowononga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV mthupi mwawo. Chifukwa chakuti HIV sichitchula mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV -omwe amagwira ntchito poletsa kubwereza kachilombo ka HIV-samakhudzidwa pang'ono. Zomwe zili choncho, kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala kosaoneka, kokhoza kukhala kobisika ngakhale ngati nkhope ya mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma antiretroviral .
Asayansi tsopano akufufuza njira zowonjezera malo osungira osagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito chimodzi kapena ambiri opanga mankhwala. Ngati apambana, njira zina (chithandizo, immunologic) zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuthetseratu kachilombo ka HIV. Kawirikawiri amatchedwa "kupha," njirayi ingathe kutsogolera katemera wabwino ndi / kapena njira.
Kutchulidwa: pro-VY-rus
Zotsatira:
Ho, Y .; ndi al., "Zomwe zili zosavomerezeka zomwe sizikhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zochepa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwonjezera chiopsezo ku mankhwala a HIV-1." Cell. 2013; 155: 540-551.
Wu, Y. "Mauthenga a kachilombo ka HIV / 1: maphunziro kuchokera ku provirus ndi DNA yosagwirizana." Kutembenukira kwazako. May 21, 2004; 1 (13): do: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-1-13.
Eisele, E. ndi Siciliano, R. "Kuwonetsanso malo osungira mavaira omwe amateteza HIV-1." Chitetezo chokwanira. September 21, 2012; 37 (3): 377-388.
Ho, Y .; Shan, L .; Hosmane, N .; et al. "Kubwereza-Mavitamini Osavomerezeka Osavomerezeka M'nyumba Yam'mbuyo Yowonjezera Kuwonjezera Kulepheretsa Kachilombo ka HIV." Cell. October 23, 2013. 155 (3): 540-551.