Retrovirus ndi kachilombo kamene ma jini amalowa mu RNA mmalo mwa DNA. Mofanana ndi ma ARV ena, ma retroviruses amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mawonekedwe awo omwe amapangitsa kuti azipanga okha. Komabe, kachilombo ka retrovirus kumafuna sitepe yowonjezera. Matenda a retrovirus amafunika kutembenuzidwanso ku DNA musanayambe kukopera m'njira yachizolowezi.
The enzyme yomwe imasindikizira kumbuyoku imadziwika kuti reverse transcriptase.
Ma retroviruses amagwiritsa ntchito reverse transcriptase kuti asinthe RNA yawo yopanda kanthu kukhala DNA iwiri yopangidwa. Ndi DNA yomwe imasungira maselo a maselo ndi maselo kuchokera ku mitundu ina yapamwamba ya moyo. Akasinthidwa kuchoka ku RNA kupita ku DNA, tizilombo ta DNA timatha kuphatikizapo maselo a maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Pamene matembenuzidwe a DNA a majeremusi a retroviral alowetsedwa mu genome, selo ndiye amanyengerera kuti azifanizira majini amenewo monga gawo lachizolowezi chobwezeretsa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, selo imagwira ntchito ya kachilombo kwa iyo.
Ma retroviruses ndi "retro" chifukwa amatsutsana ndi njira yowonongeka ya jini. Kawirikawiri, maselo amasintha DNA kukhala RNA kuti apangidwe kukhala mapuloteni. Koma ndi retroviruses, ndondomekoyi iyenera kuyamba pobwerera kumbuyo. Choyamba, kachilombo ka RNA kamasinthidwa kukhala DNA.
Kenaka seloyo imatha kukopera DNA. Selo imatha kulembetsanso DNA kubwerera ku RNA ngati njira yoyamba yopanga mapuloteni a tizilombo.
Zitsanzo
Retrovirus yodziwika kwambiri yomwe imakhudza anthu ndi kachirombo ka HIV . Komabe, pali ma retrovirous ena ambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo kachirombo ka T-cell lymphotropic 1 (HTLV-1).
HTLV-1 imayanjanitsidwa ndi ena T-cell leukemias ndi maymymas. Pali ma retrovirous ambiri omwe apezeka ngati akudwala mitundu ina.
Kachilombo ka HIV ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe anthu amadziwira bwino kwambiri malingaliro a retroviruses. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors amapanga magulu odziwika bwino a mankhwala opatsirana pogonana . Reverse transcriptase inhibitors amapewa HIV kuti iphatikizidwe ku maselo a maselo. Izi zimathandizanso kuti selo lisapange makope a kachilomboka ndikuchepetsanso kukula kwa matenda. Komabe, pali mavuto ochulukirapo pokana mankhwala ambiri mu makalasi awa.
Nthawi zina ma retroviruses amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopereka majini pa nthawi ya jini. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mavairasiwa ndi ophweka kusintha mosavuta komanso ophatikizidwa mosavuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, poganiza, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga makina apakompyuta kupanga mapuloteni m'njira yopitirira. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi agwiritsira ntchito retroviruses kuthandiza makoswe a shuga kukhala ndi insulini yawoyawo.
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