Kudziwa kuti muli ndi HIV kungakhale kovuta. Nkhanza zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV zimakhala zovuta, ndipo anthu ambiri amavutika kufalitsa uthenga kuti ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Komabe, akangochita, nthawi zambiri chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyamba zomwe amaganizira ndizo zomwe angasankhe pa chithandizo cha HIV. Izi zimakhala zomveka bwino kwa odwala omwe alibe chithandizo , koma kusankha ufulu wothandizira odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana kungakhale kovuta kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV.
Mmene Kutsutsana kwa Mankhwala Kumayambira
HIV imasintha ndikuyamba kuyenda mofulumira. Choncho, kuchiza kachilombo sikophweka nthawi zonse. Kumayambiriro kwa mliriwu , panali zochepa zochepetsera chithandizo. Anthu ankaikidwa pa mankhwala amodzi panthawi imodzi, ndipo kukana mankhwalawa nthawi zina kunkachitika mwamsanga.
Monga mankhwala ambiri a kachilombo ka HIV - ndi magulu a mankhwala osokoneza bongo - athandizidwa, madokotala amasinthira ku mankhwala osiyanasiyana a mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena HAART. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri anali ndi mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV kosachepera awiri.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mawuwa asintha. Tsopano madokotala nthawi zambiri amakamba za mapiritsi - mankhwala othandizira odwala kachilombo ka HIV. Komabe, mtsogoleri wamkulu akadali wofanana. Gawo lirilonse la mankhwala limagwirira ntchito kuti lisokoneze gawo lina la moyo wa kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo mwa kuphatikiza mankhwala ambiri amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti kachilomboko kasinthe ndi kusagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala amodzi a HIV.
Kutha kwa Kukaniza Mankhwala
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala atsopano a kachilombo ka HIV, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwachepa pakapita nthawi. Kusintha machitidwe achipatala kupanga mapiritsi mosavuta kutenga, ndi kuonjezera kutsata, kwathandizanso kwambiri. Kusintha kumeneku, mwa njira zina, ndikowonetseratu bwino kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha mapiritsi amodzi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Mankhwalawa ali ndi mankhwala atatu kapena anai piritsi limodzi lomwe limatengedwa kamodzi patsiku.
Izi zimakhala zosavuta kuti odwala ambiri athe kuthana nawo kusiyana ndi kukonza mapiritsi ambiri nthawi zosiyanasiyana tsiku lonse. Matenda a wodwala akamayang'aniridwa bwino pa mankhwala awo, ndipo amakhalabe ndi mavitamini osadziwika mosawerengeka pakapita nthawi, amawoneka kuti alibe mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mmene kachilombo ka HIV kamakhalira kotsutsana ndi mankhwala amodzi kapena ambiri
Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angathe kukhala ndi matenda osakanizidwa ndi HIV mwa njira imodzi. Choyamba ndi chakuti atha kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa mankhwala. Chachiwiri ndikuti kachilombo kawo kamatha kutsutsana ndi mankhwala amodzi kapena amodzi pa nthawi. Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingapangitse kuti kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kachilombo ka HIV kakulepheretsedwe:
- Kusamalidwa koyenera / kutsatira : Anthu omwe samapitirira kumwa mankhwala awo moyenera, monga momwe adayankhira, amatha kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa mankhwala. Izi ndizoona makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto ndi kutsata nthawi yaitali.
- Kusayankhidwa kwa mankhwala a mzere woyamba : Ngati mankhwala oyambirira samayambitsa matenda a tizilombo mkati mwa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri, ndiye kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamakhalako, kapena kuti, mankhwala osagwira ntchito. Izi ndizofunika kwambiri pa malo omwe ali ochepa pomwe anthu amachiritsidwa ndi nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) zochiritsira. Komabe, ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kusowa yankho sikutanthauza kuti mzere woyamba wa mankhwalawa unachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisagonjetsedwe. Kulephera kotereku kumakhala chizindikiro kuti madokotala amatha kufufuza ngati mukudwala matenda osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala.
- Chithandizo chopanda chithandizo : Izi zimachitika pamene madokotala sali pazomwe akupita patsogolo pa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, kapena pa chifukwa china, mankhwala abwino sapezeka. Pali njira zowonongeka za mankhwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti achepetse mwayi wotsutsa mankhwala. Izi sizikuphatikizapo kuphatikiza magulu a mankhwala molondola koma osankha mankhwala omwe ali m'kalasi omwe sangawonongeke kapena magawo otsutsa njira.
- Kulephera kuyang'anitsitsa : Pomwe kuli kotheka, madokotala ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi ya wodwalayo kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Izi zimathandiza madokotala kusintha mankhwala mofulumira kuti awone zomwe zingagwire bwino ntchito. Komabe, m'madera ena, kuyang'ana kutsata sikupezeka, kapena odwala sangathe kapena amafunitsitsa kuyesedwa nthawi zonse. Kawirikawiri, kusowa kuyang'anitsitsa ndi chitsanzo cha momwe odwala angaganizire kukana, osati chifukwa.
Kuwona Kachilombo ka HIV Kotsutsa Mankhwala
Mitundu ina ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kupezeka mwa kuyendetsa magetsi. Pali kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komwe kwasintha, ndipo kusintha kumeneku kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepetsa kuchiza kwa mankhwala kapena mankhwala a mankhwala. Kudziwa kuti kusintha kumene kulipo m'thupi lachilomboka kungathandize madokotala kusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri ya mankhwala kwa wodwalayo. Komabe, kuyesedwa kwa kachilombo ka HIV-1 sikuli nthawi zonse kumagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zotsatira:
De Luca A, Hamers RL, Schapiro JM. Mankhwala ochepetsa kachilomboka ka HIV akutsata njira zothetsera vuto la kachirombo ka HIV 1 achinyamata ndi achinyamata omwe ali m'mayiko otsika kwambiri. J Wopatsa Dis Dis. 2013 Jun 15; 207 Suppl 2: S63-9.
MCS, Gupta RK, Van Zyl G, Eron JJ, Nachega JB. Kuwopsa kwa kachilombo ka HIV pa nthawi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma ARV. J Wopatsa Dis Dis. 2013 Jun 15; 207 Suppl 2: S49-56.
Kostrikis LG, Hezka J, Antoniadou ZA, Kousiappa I, Mamais I, Skoura L, Pilalas D, Metallidis S, Nicolaidis P, Malisiovas N. Matenda a DNA omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV-1 Ma DNA ali ofanana ndi Matenda osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Odwala Odzichepetsa. Edzi ya Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Sep 12. [Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza]
Siliciano JD, Siliciano RF. Zochitika zatsopano za HIV-1 kukana mankhwala. Curr Opin Virol. 2013 Sep 7.