Kumvetsa Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)

Mwinamwake mwakhala mukuwona nkhani za matenda a temporomandibula (taya) (TMD), omwe amatchedwanso TMJ syndrome. Mwinamwake mwakhala mukukumva ululu nthawi zina mumtambo wanu, kapena mwinamwake dokotala wanu wa mano kapena dokotala wakuuzani kuti muli ndi TMD.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza matenda a temporomandibular, simuli nokha. Ochita kafukufuku nawonso akufufuza mayankho a zomwe zimayambitsa TMD, mankhwala abwino kwambiri, ndi momwe tingapewere matendawa.

TMD si nthenda imodzi yokha, koma gulu la mikhalidwe, nthawi zambiri limapweteka, lomwe limakhudza mgwirizano wa temporomandibular ndi minofu yomwe imayesa kutafuna. Ngakhale sitikudziwa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi TMD, vutoli likuwoneka kuti limakhudza amayi ambiri mofanana ndi amuna.

1 -

Mitundu

Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti matenda a temporomandibular amalowa m'magulu atatu:

• zowawa za myofascial (mawonekedwe ambiri a TMD, omwe alibe vuto kapena kupweteka mu minofu yomwe imayendetsa nsagwada ndi minofu ndi mapewa)
• mkati derangement ya mgwirizano (kutanthawuza kutsekedwa kwa nsagwada kapena dissized disk, kapena kuvulala kwa condyle)
• matenda opatsirana omwe amachepa (monga osteoarthritis kapena nyamakazi ya nyamakazi mumphana)

Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi zinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo pa nthawi yomweyo. Asayansi akufufuza mmene zikhalidwe, maganizo ndi thupi zingagwirizanitse ndikupanga TMD.

Ochita kafukufuku akuyesetsa kufotokoza zizindikiro za TMD, ndi cholinga chokhala ndi njira zosavuta komanso zowonjezera zowunikira komanso chithandizo chabwino.

2 -

Mgwirizano wa Temporomandibular

Mgwirizano wa temporomandibular umagwirizanitsa nsagwada yapansi, yotchedwa mandible, ku fupa laling'ono kumbali ya mutu. Mukaika zala zanu kutsogolo kwa makutu anu ndikutsegula pakamwa panu, mumatha kumverera chophatikizana kumbali yanu yonse. Chifukwa chakuti ziwalozi zimasintha, nsagwada imatha kuyenda bwino ndi kumbali ndi mbali, kutithandiza kuti tiyankhule, tifufuze komanso tiwone. Mitundu yokhazikika komanso yozungulira nsagwada imayendetsa malo ake ndi kayendedwe kawo.

Pamene titsegula pakamwa pathu, kumapeto kwa nsagwada, yomwe imatchedwa condyles, imakhala pamtundu wothandizira wa fupa la panthawi. The condyles amatsitsimuka ku malo awo oyambirira pamene ife kutseka pakamwa. Kuti chisamaliro ichi chikhale chosalala, dothi lofewa limakhala pakati pa condyle ndi fupa la panthawi. Desi iyi imadodometsa TMJ kuchokera kutafuna ndi zina.

Ululu mu Ophatikiza

Uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti kwa anthu ambiri, kupweteka kumalo a nsagwada kapena minofu si chizindikiro choti vuto lalikulu likukula. Kawirikawiri, kusokonezeka kwa TMD nthawi zina kumakhala kochepa, nthawi zambiri kumachitika. Ululu umatha ndi mankhwala pang'ono kapena ayi. Anthu ochepa okha omwe ali ndi TMD amamva ululu kwambiri, zizindikiro za nthawi yaitali.

Kufotokozera Zizindikiro

Ochita kafukufuku akuyesetsa kufotokoza zizindikiro za TMD, ndi cholinga chokhala ndi njira zosavuta komanso zowonjezera zowunikira komanso chithandizo chabwino.

3 -

Zimayambitsa

Tikudziwa kuti kuvulala koopsa ndi nsagwada kapena temporomandibular kungayambitse TMD. Mwachitsanzo, kupwetekedwa kwakukulu kumatha kuthyola mafupa a palimodzi kapena kuwononga disk, kusokoneza kuyenda kosavuta kwa nsagwada ndikupweteka kapena kutseka.

• Matenda a mitsempha m'chiuno mwake angakhalenso ovulala.
• Ena amanena kuti kuluma kolakwika (malocclusion) kungayambitse TMD, koma mikangano yatsopano yowonjezera yomwe imawoneka.
• Mankhwala otchedwa Orthodontic, monga braces ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mutu, amanenedwa ndi mitundu ina ya TMD, koma maphunziro tsopano akuwonetsa izi sizikuwoneka.

Gum

Palibe umboni wa sayansi wosonyeza kuti chingamu chakumeta chimayambitsa kumangirira phokoso la nsagwada, kapena kuti kudumpha mmawa kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu a TMJ. Ndipotu, kudula nsagwada kumakhala kofala pakati pa anthu ambiri. Ngati palibe zizindikilo zina, monga kupweteka kapena kutseka, kudumpha mmawa sikusowa chithandizo.

Mavuto a Mavuto

Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti anthu ambiri atsegula kapena kumangika mumsana wamphongo ayenera kukhala ndi disk (malo ochepetsetsa, omwe amawopsyeza sikuti ali oyenera). Malinga ngati chida chochotsedweratu sichikupangitsa ululu kapena mavuto ndi ntchafu, palibe chithandizo chofunikira.

Kusokonezeka maganizo

Akatswiri amanena kuti kupanikizika (kaya maganizo kapena thupi) kungayambitse kapena kukulitsa TMD. Anthu omwe ali ndi TMD amawombera mano kapena kuwaza mano usiku, omwe amatha kutulutsa minofu ndi kuwapweteka. Sizidziwikiratu, ngakhale kuti zovuta ndizo chifukwa cha kupweteka / kupukuta ndi kupweteka kwa jaw kapena zotsatira za kuthana ndi kupweteka kwa nsagwada / kupweteka.

4 -

Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zingagwirizane ndi TMD. Ululu, makamaka mu minofu ndi / kapena mthunzi, ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri. Zizindikiro zina zikuphatikizapo:

• kuchepa kochepa kapena kutseka nsagwada.
• kupweteka koopsa pamaso, pakhosi, kapena mapewa.
• kupweteka, kuwombera kapena kupopera phokoso mu nsagwada pamene mutsegula kapena kutsegula pakamwa.
• mwadzidzidzi, kusintha kwakukulu momwe njira yam'mwamba ndi yowongoka imagwirizanirana palimodzi.

Zizindikiro Zina Zogwirizana

Zina nthawi zina zimakhudzana ndi TMD, monga:

• mutu
• makutu
• chizungulire
• mavuto akumva

Ndikofunika kukumbukira, komabe, kuvutika kwanthawi zina m'tchire kapena kutafuna minofu ndi kofala ndipo kawirikawiri si chifukwa chodandaula.

Mutu wam'mutu

Malingana ndi ADAM "Mgwirizano wa Temporomandibular, kapena TMJ, wosagwira ntchito, ukhoza kukhala chifukwa cha mutu wachiwiri. Kumutu kwa mutu kumachokera ku matenda opatsirana omwe amachititsa ululu ngati chizindikiro."

Malinga ndi wotsogolera wodwala komanso wolemba mabuku Teri Robert, "nthawi zina mutu umakhala chizindikiro cha vuto linalake. Komanso palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ululu, ndipo mankhwala amasiyana malinga ndi matendawa, pazifukwa izi, kuyerekezera nthawi yake ndi yolondola n'kofunika. "

Angina

Malingana ndi a Richard N. Fogoros MD, "Kuwidwa kwa ntchafu ndiko kuwonetsa kawirikawiri kwa angina ." "Kupweteka kosadziwika kosavuta kumayenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala"

5 -

Kudziwa

Chifukwa chomwe chimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro za TMD sizikuwonekera bwino, kudziwa kuti matendawa ndi osokonezeka. Pakalipano, palibe chivomerezo chovomerezeka, kuyesedwa kwachidziwitso kuti mudziwe bwinobwino TMD. Komabe, pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya milandu, zomwe wodwalayo akufotokoza zokhudza zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo kufufuza mosavuta nkhope ndi nsagwada, zimapereka mfundo zothandiza kupeza matendawa.

Kusanthula thupi

Kufufuza kwa thupi kumaphatikizapo:

• kumva nsagwada ndi minofu yotaya ululu kapena chifundo
• kumvetsera chifukwa cha kuwonekera, kuwonekera kapena kumveka kwa grating pamene mukutha msana
• Kufufuza za kuchepa kapena kutseka nsagwada pamene mutsegula kapena kutsegula pakamwa

Kufufuza mbiri ya dokotala ndi zachipatala n'kofunika kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, kufufuza kumeneku kumapereka chidziwitso chokwanira kuti mupeze ululu kapena vuto la msufu, kuti mudziwe, ndi kuyamba mankhwala kuti athetse ululu kapena kutsekedwa kwa msufu.

Mayesero Opatsirana

Ma X Rays ndi ma TMJ x-ray (transcranial radiographs) sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira TMD. Njira zina za x-ray zimafunikira kokha ngati dokotala akudandaula kwambiri ngati matenda a nyamakazi kapena pamene kupweteka kwakukulu kumapitirizabe pakapita nthawi ndipo zizindikiro sizikuyenda bwino. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• zojambulajambula (zowonjezera x-ray pogwiritsa ntchito utoto)
• Maginito opanga maginito (MRI)
• tomography (mtundu wapadera wa x-ray)

Musanakhale ndi mayeso amtengo wapatali, nthawi zonse ndi nzeru kupeza maganizo ena odziimira.

6 -

Njira Zothandizira Zosamala

Mawu ofunika kukumbukira za mankhwala a TMD ndi awa:

• osamala
• Zosintha

Mankhwala osamalitsa ndi osavuta kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chifukwa odwala ambiri alibe matenda aakulu. Mankhwala osamalidwa sagonjetsa matenda a:

• nkhope
• msuzu
• mgwirizano

Mankhwala osinthika sapangitsa kusintha, kosasinthika, kapangidwe ka malo kapena nsagwada.

Chifukwa chakuti mavuto ambiri a TMD ndi osakhalitsa ndipo sawonjezereka, njira zosavuta ndizo zonse zomwe zimafunikira kuti athetse vutoli. Njira zodzikonda zimathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro za TMD, mwachitsanzo:

• kudya chakudya chofewa
• kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kapena ayezi phukusi
• kupeŵa kuyenda kwakukulu kwa taya (monga kuzungulira kwakukulu, kuimba kofuula ndi chingamu)

Kuphunzira njira zapadera zochepetsera komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa kungathandizenso odwala kuthana ndi ululu umene umabwera ndi mavuto a TMD.

Zina zowonongeka, zowonongeka ndizo:

• mankhwala opatsirana (kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa minofu yofewa yotambasula ndi yopuma)
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yayitali komanso anti-inflammatory drugs

Zipiringizi

Othandizira zaumoyo angapangire chogwiritsira ntchito pakamwa, chomwe chimatchedwanso chopaka kapena chopuma, chomwe ndi pulogalamu ya pulasitiki yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mano apamwamba kapena ochepa. Kupaka kwake kumathandiza kuchepetsa kupuma kapena kugaya, komwe kumachepetsa minofu. Kuwala koyenera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kanthaŵi kochepa ndipo sikuyenera kuchititsa kusintha kwamuyaya. Ngati kuwala kumayambitsa kapena kuwonjezera kupweteka, asiye kuchigwiritsa ntchito ndikuwona dokotala wanu.

7 -

Njira Yopangira Opaleshoni

Mankhwala othandizira, omwe angasinthidwe ndi othandiza kuti athe kupweteka kwa kanthaŵi kochepa komanso kupweteka kwa minofu-si "machiritso" a TMD. Ngati zizindikiro zikupitirira nthawi zambiri kapena kubwereranso kawirikawiri, funsani dokotala wanu.

Palinso mitundu ina ya mankhwala a TMD, monga opaleshoni kapena jekeseni, zomwe zimayambitsa ziphuphu. Zina zimaphatikizapo kulumikiza mankhwala opweteka-pochepetsa m'matumbo, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "ziphuphu." Ofufuza akuphunzira chithandizochi kuti awone ngati majekeseniwa ndi othandiza pa nthawi.

Kawirikawiri mankhwala opaleshoni ndi osasinthika ndipo ayenera kupeŵa ngati kuli kotheka. Pamene mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira, onetsetsani kuti dokotala akufotokozereni, mwa mawu omwe mungamvetsetse:

• chifukwa cha chithandizo
• zowopsa
• mitundu ina yothandizira yomwe ingakhalepo

8 -

Matenda Osasinthika Angapange Matenda a TMD Oipa

Asayansi aphunzira kuti mankhwala ena osasinthika, monga kupatsirana mmalo mwa nsagwada ndi mapangidwe opanga, angapweteke kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa jaw. Zina mwa zipangizozi zingalephere kugwira ntchito bwino kapena zingasokoneze mu nsagwada pakapita nthawi. Musanayambe kuchitidwa opaleshoni pa nsagwada, ndizofunika kupeza maganizo ena.

Vitek Implants

Dipatimenti ya Food and Drug imakumbukira zopangidwa ndi nsalu zomangira nsagwada zopangidwa ndi Vitek, zomwe zingathe kuphwanya ndi kuwononga mafupa ozungulira. Ngati muli ndi implants, onani dokotala wanu opaleshoni kapena dokotala wamanja. Ngati pali zovuta ndi implants, zipangizo zingafunike kuchotsedwa.

Zochiritsira Zina Zosavomerezeka

Mankhwala ena osasinthika omwe alibe phindu, ndipo angapangitse vutoli kukhala loipa ndi awa:

• orthodontics kusintha malungo
• kubwezeretsa mavitamini (omwe amagwiritsa ntchito korona ndi mlatho kugwira ntchito yoluma)
• Kusintha kwa occlusal (kukupera mano kuti ubweretsere bwino)

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro ambiri amafunika kuti chitetezo ndi mphamvu za mankhwala ambiri a TMD, asayansi akulimbikitse kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira kwambiri, osasinthika asanayambe kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala. Ngakhale pamene vuto la TMD lakhala lachilendo, odwala ambiri safunikira thandizo lachiwawa.

9 -

Zomwe Muyenera Kuzikumbukira Ngati Mukuganiza Kuti Muli ndi TMD

• Kumbukirani kuti kwa anthu ambiri, kusokonezeka kwa TMD kumachoka ngati mankhwala kapena ayi.
• Zizoloŵezi zodzikonda zokhazikika nthawi zambiri zimathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro za TMD.
• Ngati mankhwala ena akufunika, ayenera kukhala osamalitsa komanso osinthika.
• Peŵani, ngati n'kotheka, mankhwala omwe amachititsa kusintha kwamuyaya kumaluma kapena mmala.
• Ngati chithandizo chosachiritsidwa chikuvomerezedwa, onetsetsani kuti mutha kupeza kachidaliro kachiwiri kokhulupirika .

Kumene Mungapeze Malingaliro Achiwiri

Madokotala ambiri, makamaka madokotala a mano, amadziŵa bwino njira yothandizira ya TMD. Chifukwa TMD imakhala yopweteka kwambiri, zipatala zopweteka m'mabungwe ndi zipatalale zimaperekanso uphungu wabwino komanso maganizo achiwiri pazovutazi. Ophunzira opweteka kwambiri pamaso amatha kukhala othandiza pakupeza ndi kuchiza TMD.

10 -

Kafukufuku Wachitidwa pa TMD

National Institute of Dental Research ikuthandizira pulogalamu yogwira ntchito pa TMD. Kupanga malangizo odalirika kuti mudziwe matendawa ndizofunika kwambiri. Maphunziro ndi mayesero a zachipatala akugwiritsanso ntchito pazifukwa, chithandizo, ndi kupewa TMD. Pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wopitilira, zidutswa za TMD zimagwera pang'onopang'ono koma mosavuta.

Malangizo Othandizira Kuzindikira

Chimodzi mwa malo ofunikira kwambiri a kafukufuku wa TMD akukulitsa njira zomveka zowunikira matendawa. Akatswiri asayansi amavomereza kuti izi ziyenera kukhala zotani, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti akatswiri adziwe bwino matenda a temporomandibular ndikusankha chithandizo chotani, ngati chiripo.

_Chitsime:

_{NIH Publication No. 94-3487}