Matenda a Chagas amadalira kuti matendawa ndi ovuta, aakulu, kapena ochepa.
Kuzindikira Matenda Aakulu a Chagas
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodziwira matenda a Chagas ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya matenda, pamene mwayi wothetsa matenda a Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) ndi mankhwala oyambitsa antitrypanosomal ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Tsoka ilo, mwayi uwu nthawi zambiri umasowa.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Chagas kawirikawiri zimakhala zofewa osati zochititsa mantha, kotero anthu omwe ali ndi Chagas ambiri samafuna chithandizo chamankhwala.
Anthu omwe amakhala m'madera ovuta ayenera kusamala ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Chagas , makamaka ngati awona tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali otchuka kapena osatha, kapena ngati akudziwa kuti matenda a Chagas akufalikira m'dera lawo. Ngati akukayika ayenera kuwona dokotala.
Kwa madokotala, nkofunika kuti iwonso akayikire kuti matenda a Chagas akhoza kukhalapo ndikuchita zoyezetsa zofunikira. Zochitika zenizeni, izi zimachitika pokhapokha panthawi yoyamba, pamene kuyang'anitsitsa kwapadera kumayambika.
Kupanga Kuzindikira
Pa nthawi yovuta ya matenda a Chagas, nambala ya tizilombo T. cruzi m'magazi nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti matenda a Chagas apangidwe pofufuza zitsanzo zamagazi zomwe zimakonzedweratu pang'onopang'ono.
Komabe, chiwerengero cha T. cruzi m'magazi amatha mofulumira pambuyo pa masiku 90 oyambirira, ngakhale palibe mankhwala. Kuyeza magazi kwambiri si njira yodalirika yothetsera matenda a Chagas pambuyo pake. Kuyeza kwa microscope sikungathandize konse panthawi ya Chagas.
Kuphatikiza pa kuyeza kwakukulu, kuyezetsa magazi ku laboratori kungakhalenso kolondola pozindikira matenda aakulu a Chagas. Izi zimachitidwa ndi mayeso a polymerase (PCR) omwe amachititsa kuti DNA ya T. cruzi iwonongeke. Mayeso abwino a PCR, monga mayeso a microscope, amasonyeza kuti zamoyo T. cruzi zilipo m'magazi.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudzana ndi matenda aakulu a Chagas-monga kufooka, malungo, zilonda zam'mimba, kupweteka, ndi ululu-zimatha kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana amtundu wa HIV kapena matenda a HIV . Choncho munthu amene amakhala m'derali chifukwa cha matenda a Chagas akuyesedwa ndi zina mwazimenezi, ndibwino kuti ayese matenda a T. cruzi.
Kusanthula Chagas Wosatha
Mu matenda aakulu a Chagas, thupi la T. cruzi kawirikawiri silikupezeka m'magazi, kotero kuyesa kwakukulu koyeretsa magazi nthawi zonse kumakhala koipa, mofanana ndi kuyesa kwa PCR.
Kuzindikira matenda aakulu a Chagas kawirikawiri kumadalira kupeza ma antibodies opangidwa ndi thupi kuti athetse matendawa. Mayesero angapo apangidwa kuti ayang'ane ma antibodies ku T. cruzi, kuphatikizapo kuchulukitsa immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ndi ma antibody immunofluorescent testay (IFA).
Palibe imodzi mwa mayesero amenewa omwe ali oyenera kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito paokha, kotero kuti apeze matenda aakulu a Chagas, osachepera awiri osiyana ndi mayesero a antibody amachitidwa-ndipo ngati zotsatira zake ziri zosiyana pakati pawo, yesero lachitatu limapangidwa kuti likhale ngati kusweka.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyeseranso kuyenera kuchitidwa pofuna kuyang'ana zifukwa zina zomwe zingayambitse matenda a mtima ndi m'mimba omwe amapezeka ndi matenda aakulu a Chagas . Mndandanda wa zikhalidwe zomwe zingathe kuchita izi mwatsoka, ndipo madokotala ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chachikulu chachipatala posankha zoyesedwa kuti achite, ndi kuti ndi chiyani.
Kuzindikira Congenital Chagas
Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya ana obadwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi T. cruzi adzakhala ndi matenda aakulu a Chagas-matenda omwe amatchedwa matenda a congenital Chagas. Ndikofunikira kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a congenital Chagas kuti athe kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala oteteza antitrypanosomal kuti athetse mavuto aakulu.
Matenda a Chagas oyenera kubadwa ayenera kuganiziridwa ndi mwana aliyense yemwe mayi ake amachokera kumalo kumene matendawa amakhala. Kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zambiri kumachitika kwa amayi apakati omwe amakhala m'madera amenewa, ndipo makanda a amayi omwe amayesa chithandizo angathe kuyang'anitsitsa matendawa.
Kuwunika kwa ana omwe amawoneka kuti akudwala matenda a congenital Chagas kawirikawiri kumachitidwa pobadwa ndi PCR kuyesa magazi, kapena kuwonetsetsa magazi m'masiku ochepa atabereka. Ngati amayi amadziwika kuti ali ndi chithandizo cha matenda a Chagas ndipo kuyang'ana koyambirira kwa khanda kulibe, kuyesa kubwereza kwa mwanayo kumatha mwezi umodzi kapena awiri.
> Zotsatira:
> Bern C, Martin DL, Gilman RH. Matenda Oopsa ndi Otsatira a Chagas. Adv Parasitol 2011; 75:19.
> Mtumiki LA, Gilman RH, Verastegui M, et al. Kupititsa patsogolo Kuzindikira Kwambiri Kwambiri kwa Matenda a Chikapakati a Chagas mu Kukhazikitsa Kwachilendo. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65: 268.