Zinthu Zomwe Zingakhale Zambiri

Tsiku ndi tsiku ambiri a ife timakhumudwitsidwa ndi vuto linalake la thanzi limene silingathe kuwonongeka. Nthawi zina, zowoneka ngati zazing'ono kapena zovuta zowonjezereka zingakhale zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala. Zomwe si zachilendo, penyani zinthu zochepa zomwe zingayambitse matenda asanu ndi awiri.

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Necrotizing Fasciitis

Anthu ambiri omwe amadziyeretsa komanso omwe ali ndi thanzi la chitetezo champhamvu samayambitsa nthenda ya fasciitis (mwachitsanzo, "mabakiteriya"). Komabe, mwa zina, kachilombo ka khungu kokha kamatha kufalikira mthupi lonse lomwe limatsogolera ku matenda a magazi, kumenyedwa kwa miyendo, ndi zina zotero.

Ndi mabakiteriya osakaniza, mabakiteriya amatha kufalikira m'matumba ofewa kwambiri, kapena amakhala ndi mapepala ofanana kwambiri ozungulira mitsempha ya magazi, mitsempha, mafuta, ndi minofu. Ma poizoni amene amapangidwa ndi mabakiteriyawa amawononganso minofu yozungulira.

Pali mitundu iwiri yowonjezereka ya fascitis .

Mtundu wa 1 wosakaniza fasciitis ndi matenda a polymicrobial, omwe amayamba ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, aerobic ndi anaerobic. Zindikirani, mabakiteriya aerobic amakula m'mapweya okosijeni; pamene, mabakiteriya a anaerobic samafuna mpweya kuti upite. Mabala oopsa, monga omwe amachitidwa ndi zilonda za nyama ndi anthu, amakhala ndi mavitamini aerobic ndi anaerobic.

Mtundu wa 2 wothandizira fasciitis umachokera ku matenda omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya a khungu, kuphatikizapo Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) osakaniza methicillin , ndi Streptococcus pyogenes .

Ndi nthenda yotchedwa fasciitis, matenda a khungu akhoza kukhala ofiira kwambiri (erythematous) ndi mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba (bully-like) ndi kupweteka (ecchymosis). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, madzi otentha a serosanguinous kapena pus amapezeka. Potsirizira pake, khungu limamwalira (limakhala lochepetsetsa) ndipo limatha kukhala wopusa.

Necrotizing fasciitis ingakhudze mbali iliyonse ya thupi-kuphatikizapo kumtunda ndi mimba-komabe, matendawa amakhudza kwambiri m'munsi mwake. Kuphatikiza pa kusintha kwa khungu, apa pali zizindikilo zina za nthenda ya fasciitis:

• Kupweteka mosiyana ndi maonekedwe a kachilomboka
• Kutupa ndi kunjenjemera kwa madera ozungulira
• Kutentha kwakukulu
• Chombo, kapena mpweya mu ziphuphu

Chithandizo cha necrotizing fasciitis chimapezeka kuchipatala ndipo chimaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Maantibayotiki omwe amapezeka ndi MRSA ndi mabakiteriya ena osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala
• Kugonjetsa kapena kuchotsa minofu yakufa, yomwe ingatanthauze kuchotsa
• Kutsitsimutsa kwa madzi (kuganiza zamkati zamadzimadzi)
• Kusamalira mabala (kuganiza zolakwika-kupanikizika mankhwala)

Nazi zina mwaziopsezo zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi chitukuko cha fasciitis:

• Matenda a shuga
• Zakudya zoperewera
• Ntchito yatsopano
• Dububitus chilonda, kapena matenda a chilonda, chomwe chimachokera kwa munthu amene akugona mochedwa kwa nthawi yaitali
• Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kumwa mowa

Njira yabwino yothana ndi fasciitis yokhala ndi nthroitis yokhayokha ndiyo kupewa izo poyamba, makamaka ngati mukudwala matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukukulitsa matenda a khungu kapena chilonda, likhale ndi ma bandage oyera komanso owuma. Muyeneranso kusambitsa manja anu nthawi zambiri ndikupewa kutsekemera mchere m'madzi, mphepo yam'madzi ndi madzi ena.

Pamapeto pake, nthenda yotchedwa necrotizing fasciitis yomwe imakhudza (makamaka mamuna) dera la chiberekero imatchedwa Fournier.

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Matenda Otetezeka Kwambiri

Matenda opatsirana kwambiri (URIs) ndi ochuluka kwambiri ndipo ndi chifukwa chomwe anthu ambiri amafunira chisamaliro kwa dokotala. Tonse timapeza ma URIs nthawi ndi nthawi.

Ambiri a URI amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi ndipo amakhala osasamala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha okha popanda mankhwala. Kawirikawiri, URI ikhoza kukhala yowopsya ndipo ikhoza kukhala chiwonetsero cha kutsekula kwambiri, kapena matenda opatsirana ena opatsirana. Tawonani, mabakiteriya a URIs amachiritsidwa ndi ma antibiotic, monga amoxicillin, penicillin , ceftriaxone ndi zina zotero.

Nazi zina za URIs zomwezo:

• Kuzizira kozizira
• Pharyngitis
• Otitis media (matenda apakati pakati)
• Acute sinusitis
• Mphungu
• Laryngitis
• Epiglottitis

Kwa mbali zambiri, URIs amatha kuchiritsidwa kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala. Nthaŵi zina, URIs ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna chithandizo kuchipatala-makamaka kwa ana.

Mtundu umodzi wa URI umene umafuna chithandizo mwamsanga ndi epiglottitis . Epiglotti ndi chotupa cha cartilage chomwe chimaphimba trachea, kapena mphepo yomwe imadya (kuti musamafune kapena kupeza chakudya mu trachea). Epiglottitis amatanthauza kutupa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi mabakiteriya kapena kachilomboka.

Epiglottitis ikhoza kuyambitsa mapulaneti a epiglotti kapena kusokoneza mchere ndi kutulutsa mpweya m'mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamangidwe mwamphamvu komanso ngakhale imfa. Kuchiza kwa epiglottitis kumaphatikizapo mphuno, momwe chubu imayikidwa mu trachea, m'madzi amadzimadzi ndi maantibayotiki, ndi corticosteroids kuthandiza ndi kutupa.

Mwamwayi, epiglottitis ndi yokongola kwambiri chifukwa tili ndi katemera wa H. influenzae mtundu wa B (Hib), womwe umayambitsa vutoli.

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Mutu

Mutu ndi wodwala matenda ambiri a ubongo, omwe ali ndi 50 peresenti ya anthu onse omwe amamva ululu panthawi ina pachaka, ndipo 90 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi mutu panthawi inayake pamoyo wawo.

Nthaŵi zambiri, mutu umakhala wabwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kupita yekha kapena atatenga Tylenol ( acetaminophen ) kapena kupweteka kwamtundu wina. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kumutu kumapweteka kumakhala chinthu china chokhudzana ndi kupwetekedwa. Pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya anthu omwe amavutika ndi kupwetekedwa mtima amakhalanso ndi mutu.

Stroke ndiyo yachisanu ndi chimodzi yomwe imayambitsa imfa ku United States. Malinga ndi CDC, anthu 795,000, chaka chilichonse amatha kupwetekedwa ndipo anthu 130,000 amafa ndi matenda a stroke.

Nazi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimawoneka kuti zikuchitika, mwadzidzidzi:

• Kuwongolera kapena kufooka kwa mkono, mwendo kapena mbali yonse ya thupi, zomwe zimadalira malo a stroke
• Zovuta kuona
• Kuvuta kuyenda chifukwa cha chizungulire kapena kutayika
• Kusokonezeka
• Kuvuta kuyankhula
• Mutu

Pa zizindikiro zonsezi, kupwetekedwa kwa mutu kumakhala kosalekeza kwambiri ndi madokotala pamene akudwala matenda ozunguza bongo. Kawirikawiri, odwala amaganizira zowonjezereka (zizindikiro) ngati zofooka kapena zofooka ndipo amadandaula za kasamalidwe ka msampha. Chonde kumbukirani kuti ndi kupwetekedwa, nthawi ndizofunika kwambiri ndipo chithandizo chofulumira chingadziteteze m'tsogolo.

Mutu ukhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya stroke kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Kuchetsa magazi m'mimba
• Kuchuluka kwa magazi osakanikirana
• Giant cell arteritis
• Mphuno ya karotidi kapena vertebral arterial dissection
• Intracranial venous sinus thrombosis.

Kwa anthu omwe amamva kupwetekedwa mtima, kupwetekedwa mutu kumaphatikizapo kukula kwa dera lopanda kanthu. Komanso, kupweteka mutu, kapena kupweteka mutu kumbali imodzi ya mutu, kawirikawiri kumachitidwa ndi kupweteka pambali pamutu. Zindikirani, kufufuza kwina kuyenera kuchitidwa kuunika chitsimikizo cha matenda a mutu wa mutu wa stroke.

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Kusokonezeka maganizo

Tisanayang'ane kuvutika maganizo monga chiopsezo cha kudzipha, chonde dziwani kuti anthu ambiri omwe akuvutika maganizo sadzipha.

Mwachindunji, malinga ndi National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) mu 2014, Achimereka okwana 15.7 miliyoni adakumana ndi vuto lalikulu lalikulu; koma, mu 2011 malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control, panali anthu 41,149 omwe anafa chifukwa chodzipha.

Kuwonjezera pa kabuku kakuti "Kusokonezeka maganizo: Chimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa," NIMH imatsindika izi:

• Kuvutika maganizo ndi matenda enieni
• Kuvutika maganizo kumakhudza anthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana
• Kusokonezeka maganizo kumachiritsidwa
• Ngati muli ndi kupsinjika maganizo, simuli nokha

Komabe, chiopsezo chodzipha chiyenera kuyesedwa kwa anthu onse okhala ndi zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo. Kudzipha ndi vuto lalikulu ndipo ndilo chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa muzaka zonse.

Nazi zifukwa zina zoopsya zodzipha:

• Gender (akulu achikulire ali pachiopsezo chachikulu)
• Kumwa mowa
• Matenda a thupi
• Kusakhala ndi chithandizo chamagulu
• Psychosis
• Kudzudzulidwa kwam'tsogolo

Kuphatikiza apo, achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto lovutika maganizo komanso achinyamata a LGBT omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala pangozi.

Zizindikiro zoopsa zodzipha kudziphatikizapo kudziwonetsera kudzipha, kusowa chiyembekezo (kupanikizika) ndi ndondomeko yabwino.

Ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumadzidzimva amadzipha, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu, bwenzi lanu, mamembala anu kapena kuitanira ku National Prevention Prevention Hotline pa 1-800-273-TALK kapena 1-800-273-8255.

Chinthu chomaliza chonena za kupsinjika maganizo: Ngakhale kuti matendawa akuphatikizidwa mndandandawu pamodzi ndi zinthu zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zovuta zazing'ono monga matenda a khungu kapena kupweteka kwa anthu ambiri omwe amavutika maganizo, palibe kanthu kakang'ono pa vutoli.

Kusokonezeka maganizo kumaphatikizidwa pa mndandandawu chifukwa kuvutika maganizo kuli kofala kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amazindikira. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, tiyenera kuyesetsa nthawi zonse kuti tidziwe za zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala zovuta zomwe timakumana nazo kapena zizindikiro zomwe zimapweteka zomwe timakumana nazo.

Ngati kuvutika maganizo ndi kusowa chiyembekezo zikuyenda ndi zizindikiro zina zowopsa kudzipha, chonde funsani thandizo mwamsanga. Kusokonezeka maganizo kumachiritsidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kudzipha kungapewe ndi chithandizo choyenera ndi chisamaliro.

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Chifuwa cha Chifuwa

Pamene anthu ambiri amaganiza za "kupweteka pachifuwa," matenda a mtima, kapena matenda a myocardial, amabwera m'maganizo. Komabe, pali zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka pachifuwa; Choncho, palibe amene ayenera kuganiza kuti kupweteka kwa chifuwa kumatanthauza kupweteka kwa mtima.

Kupweteka kwa mtima kwa chifuwa cha mtima kumakhala kosalekeza, kufalikira ndi kuyaka poyambirira. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kupweteka uku sikumangochitika mwamsanga. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zizindikiro za matenda a mtima zingakhale "zopanda pake" ndipo zimaphatikizapo zambiri osati kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupweteka pa se. Angapereke ngati ululu, kusokonezeka kapena kupanikizika mmimba, mikono, mmbuyo ndi zina zotero. Pomaliza, zizindikiro zoterezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikilo zina, kuphatikizapo kutukuta, kunyowa, kutopa, ndi syncope (kutaya).

Kupweteka kwa chifuwa komwe kumakhala kochepa, kuwonetsa, kubwezeretsa kapena kubweretsa bwino kungasonyeze chifukwa choyipa monga

• Nthiti yokhotakhota
• Mitsempha yosungunula mu khoma la chifuwa
• Herpes zoster (shingles)
• Phumu
• Chibayo
• Matenda a reflux a gastroesophageal (GERD) ("kupweteka kwa mtima")

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Sitili Njira Yopanda Kuwona Dokotala Wanu

Inde, zowona kuti ngakhale zina mwa zovuta zapadera zomwe timakumana nazo nthawi imodzi, kuphatikizapo kupweteka mutu kapena kupuma, zingakhale zovuta kwambiri. Mwamwayi, komabe, madandaulo ambiri azaumoyo akuti timalimbana ndi zowawa tsiku lililonse.

Komabe, ngati mukumva kufunikira kofuna thandizo kapena chithandizo kwa ngakhale nkhani yooneka ngati yaing'ono, nthawi zonse ndibwino kuti mupange msonkhano ndi dokotala wanu wamkulu.

Chonde kumbukirani kuti palibe chinthu chonga "kugwidwa" kwa dokotala. Ngakhale wothandizira wanu atamaliza kukulimbikitsani, adzalimbikitsa kuti mukhale bwino komanso kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. Pomaliza, ulendo woterewu ukhoza kukhala chiyambi cha chaka kapena chaka.

_Zotsatira

_{Matenda a Chin-Hong P. Otsitsimula. Mu: Levinson W. eds. Ndemanga ya Medical Microbiology ndi Immunology, 13e. New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2014.}

_{Eisendrath SJ, Cole SA, Christensen JF, Gutnick D, Cole M, Feldman MD. Kusokonezeka maganizo. Mu: Feldman MD, Christensen JF, Satterfield JM. eds. Mankhwala Omwe Amachita: Njira Yopangira Zochitika Pachipatala, 4e. New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2014.}

_{Raghunathan S, Richard, B, Khanna B. Zimayambitsa matenda omwe amatha kupwetekedwa ndi mutu. Kupita patsogolo mu sayansi ya zamoyo ndi maganizo a maganizo 2008.}

_{Usatine RP, Smith MA, Chumley HS, Mayeaux EJ, Jr. Chaputala 122. Kupatsa Fasciitis. Mu: Usatine RP, Smith MA, Chumley HS, Mayeaux EJ, Jr .. eds. The Atlas of Family Medicine, 2e. New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2013.}

_{Vestergaard K, Andersen G, Nielsen MI, Jensen TS. Mutu ukugunda. Stroke 1993.}