Mitundu ya Magazi: A, B, AB ndi O

Kuikidwa magazi kungapulumutse miyoyo, makamaka kwa odwala omwe amawopsyeza . Komabe, simungangoyamba kugwiritsira ntchito mizere pakati pa anthu awiri aliwonse. Magazi a odwala amabwera m'magazi amitundu yambiri ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi Apulo ndi Android.

Kulemba magazi kwakukulu kwambiri ndiko kugawa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe awo komanso mapuloteni antigen omwe adzakhalapo kunja kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Izi zimadziwika m'magulu azachipatala monga dongosolo la ABO ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za ma antigen awiri.

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A, B, AB ndi O

ABO Magulu

Pali mitundu inayi yambiri yamagazi mu dongosolo lolemba ABO:

1. Lembani magazi A gulu la Anti-antigen ndipo limapanga ma antibodies kuti amenyane ndi Gulu la B.
2. Mtundu wa magazi B uli ndi ma antigen a Gulu B ndipo umapanga ma antibodies kuti amenyane ndi Gulu A magazi.
3. Lembani magazi AA ali ndi ma antigen a magulu A ndi B koma samapanga ma antibodies kwa amodzi.
4. Lembani O magazi alibe mtundu uliwonse wa antigen.

Kupereka kapena kulandira magazi kuli kovuta ndi chakuti pali mitundu inayi ya magazi. Lembani O magazi, popeza alibe antibodies kapena antigen kwa mtundu uliwonse, akhoza kuperekedwa kwa olandira ndi mitundu yonse ya magazi. Lembani AB, komano, popeza ali ndi ma antigen a A ndi B komanso samapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a antigen, akhoza kulandira magazi kuchokera ku mitundu yonseyi, koma akhoza kupereka kwa ena omwe alandira AB.

Koma, dikirani! Pali zambiri!

Alipo antigen wina yemwe alipo pa maselo ofiira a magazi omwe angakhudze momwe magazi abwino amathandizira magazi. Amatchedwa chinthu cha Rhesus (chomwe chimadziwika kuti Rh factor).

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Rh Factor

Kuphatikiza pa dongosolo la kulemba ABO, pali mapuloteni ena m'magazi omwe angakhudze kugwirizana pakati pa wopereka ndi wolandira. Ambiri amadziwika kuti Rhesus factor kapena Rh factor.

Amatchulidwa kuti mbulu za Rhesus kumene zinayamba kupezeka (ndipo mayesero oyambirira anakonzedwa), Rh choyimira chimatanthawuza mapuloteni antigen amene angakhale pamaselo ofiira a magazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi mapuloteni amadziwika kuti Rh positive ndipo omwe alibe potetezedwa amadziwika kuti Rh negative .

Anti Anti

Ma antibodies adzalengedwa kuti amenyane ndi mapuloteni omwe alandira omwe alibe mapuloteni m'magazi awo mwachibadwa. Choncho wodwala ndi Rh- sangathe kulandira magazi kuchokera kwa wopereka magazi ndi Rh + chifukwa thupi la wolandirayo lidzaukira magazi a Rh + pa kukhudzana.

Kupereka ndi Kulandira

Poyamba, tinakambirana momwe wodwala amene ali ndi mtundu wa magazi O angalandire mitundu A, B kapena AB kupyolera mwa kuikidwa magazi. Kuganizira Rh chinthu kumatanthauza kuti O osasamala magazi amatha kuikidwa magazi kwa mtundu uliwonse wa wodwalayo. Lembani O- magazi amadziwika kuti wopereka chilengedwe chonse .

Magazi a AB +, omwe ali ndi magazi, ali ndi mapuloteni onse omwe ali kale. Odwala AB + amadziwika kuti ndi olandira anthu onse chifukwa matupi awo amavomereza mitundu yonse ya magazi.

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Kodi 'Mtundu & Mchinji' Umatanthauza Chiyani?

Madokotala pa TV amanenapo nthawi zonse: "Namwino, ndikufunika kuti muyimane ndikudutsa wodwalayo."

Mwinamwake mukudziwa kuti zili ndi chochita ndi magazi, koma kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti "mtundu & mtanda" ndi waufupi kwa mtundu ndi mtanda . Zimatanthawuza mayesero omwe magazi amatha kudutsa musanagwiritsidwe magazi.

Kuyimira

Monga tafotokozera, mitundu ya magazi imachokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapuloteni komanso ma antibodies omwe angathe kukhalapo mwazi wa munthu aliyense. M'mawu ake, mtunduwo umangotanthauza njira yoyesera kuti mudziwe mtundu wa magazi.

Kuphatikizana Kwambiri

Chifukwa chakuti mayesero onse amatsutsana ndipo odwala amawoneka kuti ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya magazi sizikutanthauza kuti kuikidwa magazi kumagwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Kupewera mtanda ndi mayeso pamene magazi a wodwalayo amadziwika ndi magazi a woperekayo kuti awone momwe amachitira.

Mwamtheradi, zitsanzo zamagazi zidzakantha ngati abwenzi akale. Ngati amasakanikirana bwino ndikusungira masewera a pakompyuta ndi mowa, zonse ziri bwino. Koma, ngati ayamba kuponyera nkhonya, ndi nthawi yobwerera kubwalo la zojambula (kapena ku banki ya magazi). Ngati kusagwirizana kwa magazi kumapangidwa kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi, kuchitapo kanthu kungakhale kalikonse kuchokera kwa anaphylactic shock mpaka matenda a magazi .

Kuti mudye madzi amagazi pang'ono, mayesero abwino si chinthu chabwino, koma mayesero oipa ndi. Mwachizoloŵezi cha zamankhwala, mawu a mayesero abwino kapena oipa sali okhudzana ndi zotsatira zosankhika, koma kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zomwe akuchita. Choncho, mayesero abwino amatanthauza kuti mwazi wachitapo kanthu. Kawirikawiri, zomwezo ndizo mwazi wa wolandirayo kuti amenyane ndi kupha magazi a wopereka.

Nkhondo yowopsya m'magazi amagazi imasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi mphamvu yamagazi yogwira ntchito yake.

Komabe, mayesero oipa , amatanthauza kuti magawo awiri a magazi ndi okondana wina ndi mzake ndipo amagwira ntchito limodzi ngati okalamba.