Matenda a Chagas amasonyeza kuti poyamba ndi ofooka, odwala kwambiri omwe amawoneka ngati chimfine. Pamene matendawa akutha, komabe tizilombo T. cruzi zingapitirizebe m'thupi kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale anthu omwe amaoneka kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, kawirikawiri patapita zaka zambiri, matenda aakulu a Chagas angapangidwe, amabala mavuto a mtima, mavuto a m'mimba, kapena onse awiri.
Zizindikiro za matenda a Chagas zimadalira kukula kwa matendawa komanso ngati munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo kaye amatha kupanga mtundu umodzi wa matendawa. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a protozoan tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), omwe amafalitsidwa ndi anthu pogwidwa ndi katemera wa triatomine.
Matenda a Chagas amapezeka m'madera akumidzi a Latin America. M'madera ena a dziko lapansi, ndilo vuto lalikulu la imfa ya mtima, komanso laumalema m'mtima komanso m'mimba.
Zisonyezero Zachidule
Munthu akadziwidwa ndi T. cruzi, amatha kudwala kulikonse kwa mlungu umodzi mpaka miyezi yambiri.
Matenda-Monga Matenda
Anthu ambiri okhala ndi matenda a Chagas alibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zochepa. Angathe kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine kuphatikizapo malungo ndi myalgia (kupweteka kwa minofu).
Ngakhale zizindikirozi zingapitirire kwa miyezi ingapo, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Chagas safuna thandizo lachipatala ndipo sadziwa kuti ali ndi Chagas.
Chagoma
Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a Chagas amapanga malo otukumula ndi kutupa pa malo omwe amaluma katemera wa triatomine, nthawi zambiri pozungulira maso kapena kwinakwake pamaso. Izi zimadziwika ngati chagoma, ndipo ngati zadziwika, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti matenda a Chagas akhalepo.
Mavuto
Pa anthu ochepa-osachepera 1 peresenti-matenda aakulu a Chagas angakhale matenda aakulu kwambiri. Anthuwa akhoza kukhala ndi myocarditis (kutupa kwa minofu ya mtima), kupweteka kwa mimba , kupweteka kwa mimba , ndi / kapena encephalitis . Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amatha kufa chifukwa cha matendawa amatha kudwala kwambiri.
Zisonyezero Zachidule
Katemera wa Chagas ukatha (makamaka mkati mwa masabata khumi ndi awiri a chiwopsezo choyambirira), anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka T. cruzi amalowa m'thupi lachilendo cha matendawa. Pokhapokha munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a Chagas athandizidwa bwino ndi mankhwala a antitrypanosomal, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a T. cruzi nthawi zambiri amakhalabe m'thupi kuti akhale ndi moyo wodwalayo.
Gawo lachilendo la matenda a Chagas linagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mawonekedwe osadalirika, ndi mawonekedwe odziwika.
Fomu Yodalirika
Pafupifupi aliyense amene ali ndi kachirombo ka T. cruzi yemwe sali kuchiritsidwa pa chiwopsezo cha matendawa adzalowera mtundu wonse wa matendawa kwa zaka zambiri-zaka 10 kapena 30. Pa gawo lokhazikika, palibe zizindikiro konse. Komabe, matendawa amapitirirabe, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikadali m'magazi.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osakanizidwa a Chagas amene amawoneka ndi omverera bwino angathe kupatsirana ena mwa kupereka mwazi kapena zopereka za thupi. Komanso, amayi apakati amatha kupititsa T. cruzi kupita ku mwana wawo ndi matenda opatsirana.
Anthu opitirira 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka T. cruzi adzalandira chithandizo cha matenda a Chagas osadziwika bwino, osapanga zizindikiro zina.
Zotsatira za Determinate
Pambuyo pa zaka 10 kapena zambiri zamoyo ndi matenda osakanizidwa a Chagas, anthu 30 peresenti ya omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka T. cruzi potsirizira pake adzawonetsa chimodzi mwa "mitundu yeniyeni" ya matendawa.
Pali mitundu iwiri yoopsa ya matenda a Chagas: matenda a mtima wa Chagas ndi matenda a Chagas m'mimba.
Matenda a Chagas
Matenda a mtima wa Chagas ndi mawonekedwe a mtima wokhudzidwa mtima , womwe mtima umawonjezera kuyesa kulipira kufooka kwa minofu ya mtima. Potsirizira pake, kufooka kwa mtima kumabweretsa kulakwitsa mtima . Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima wa Chagas amakumana ndi zizindikiro zonse zomwe zimapezeka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mtima wolephera. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Dyspnea (kupuma pang'ono). Dyspnea kawirikawiri imawoneka mwachangu ndi mphamvu, koma ikhozanso kupezeka pamene wagona ( orthopnea ), pamene akugunda ( bendopnea ), kapena amachititsa kuwuka mwadzidzidzi ku tulo tofa nato ( paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ).
- Edema . Kutupa kwa miyendo, ndipo mwina kwa mimba, nthawi zambiri kumabwera chifukwa cha madzi ndi kusungidwa kwa mchere komwe kumachitika ndi mtima wosalimba.
- Kufooka ndi kutopa. Kuchepetsa kupopera mtima kwa mtima kumayambitsa zofooka zazikulu ndi kutopa.
- Lightheadedness. Lightheadedness imatha chifukwa cha kutsika kwa mtima chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mtima, kapena kugonana kwa mtima .
- Palpitations. Magwiridwe a mtima wamtima omwe amagwirizanitsa ndi kulephera kwa mtima nthawi zambiri amatulutsa mapiritsi.
- Syncope . Kutaya chidziwitso kungabwere chifukwa cha matenda a mtima oopsa.
- Sitiroko. Stroke imagwirizanitsa ndi kulephera kwa mtima kwa mtundu uliwonse, chifukwa cha kuchulukitsidwa kwowonjezereka kwa magazi.
- Imfa yadzidzidzi. Imfa yosayembekezeka kuchokera ku ventricular tachycardia kapena ventricular fibrillation imakhala yowopsya kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima.
Matenda a Chagas Amagulu
Matenda a m'mimba omwe amachititsa matenda aakulu a T. cruzi ndi ochepa kuposa matenda a mtima ndipo amachititsa imfa mobwerezabwereza. Komabe, mawonekedwe a m'mimba a Chagas angabweretse zizindikiro zoopsa ndipo angathe kupangitsa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kukhala wovuta kwambiri. Zizindikiro izi zimaphatikizapo:
- Nsowa ndi kusanza
- Dysphagia (zovuta kumeza)
- Odynophagia (kumeza kowawa)
- Kuchotsa m'mimba
- Kudzimbidwa kwakukulu
- Megacolon ndi megaesophagus. Matenda akuluakulu a Chagas m'mimba amatha kuwoneka kuti ndi aakulu, otchedwa flaccid, omwe amatsitsimula (megacolon) kapena mesophagus (megaesophagus). Pazochitikazi, zizindikiro za kudzimbidwa kapena dysphagia zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri kuti zitha kupha moyo.
Mitundu ya m'mimbayi imasokoneza munthu aliyense, koma kuopsa kwa zizindikirozi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Chagas akhoza kuchitika kwakukulu ndipo zingakhale zovuta kuchiza. Matenda a m'mimba a matenda aakulu a Chagas angasokoneze moyo wa munthu.
> Zotsatira:
> Cardoso RN, Makedoniya FY, Garcia MN, et al. Chagas Cardiomyopathy Yogwirizana ndi Kuwonjezeka Kwambiri Kwa Stroke: Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies. Khadi la J limalephera 2014; 20: 931.
> Rassi A, Rezende JM, Luquetti AO, ndi al. Maphunziro a Zamankhwala Ndiponso Zambiri za Matenda a Chagas. Mu: American Trypanosomiasis (Matenda a Chagas): Zaka 100 Zakafukufuku, 1Ed, Telleria J, Tibayrenc M (Eds), Elsevier, Burlington, Ma 2010. P.709.
> Sabino EC, Ribeiro AL, Salemi VM, et al. Kuchitika kwa Zaka khumi Kwa Chagas Cardiomyopathy Pakati pa Asymptomatic Trypanosoma Cruzi-Wopanda Mphamvu Wopereka Magazi. Circulation 2013; 127: 1105.