Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo, kapena omwe ali opulumuka ku stroke, amavutika kukumeza. Anthu omwe amakhala ndi dysphagia amavutika kudya, kumwa, ndi kumwa mankhwala. Ngati sichidziwika bwino ndi kuyang'aniridwa bwino, dysphagia ingayambitse kusowa zakudya zabwino, chifuwa cha chibayo komanso kulemala kwina.
Zizindikiro za Dysphagia
Dysphagia amavutika ndi kumeza.
Matenda ambiri a ubongo, monga stroke, dementia, cerebral palsy ndi multiple sclerosis angayambitse dysphagia ngati minofu yowononga imakhala yofooka kapena yotayika. Anthu omwe amakhala ndi dysphagia akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi poyesera:
- Kusankha
- Kudula kapena kugwedeza
- Madzi akutuluka m'mphuno
- Chakudya chimagwidwa m'mapapo
- Liwu lofooka
- Kudzetsa
- Kusasowa kwa malirime
- Kutaya gag reflex
Kumangirira ndi Kudya kwabwino kwa Chakudya
Choyamba chomeza ndi kupanga mapulogalamu a chakudya. Gawo ili likhoza kukhala lopweteka kwambiri ngati muli ndi dysphagia.
Chakudya chaching'ono ndi chakudya chochepa chozungulira chomwe chimapangidwa mkamwa nthawi yoyambirira ya chimbudzi. Kupangidwanso kwa chakudya kumapangitsa kuti kumeza kosavuta komanso kotetezeka kumathandizenso kuyambitsa njira yowonjezera chakudya kuti muyambe kudya zakudya m'mimba komanso m'mimba.
Chakudya chimapangidwa ngati chakudya chimafunidwa, chodzaza ndi saliva, chophatikiza ndi michere ndipo chimapangika kukhala misa yolimba. Mphuno imakhalabe m'kamwa (pakamwa) mpaka kuyamwa kumayambira.
Mapangidwe oyambirira a bolus amadalira njira zinayi zamakono zomwe zimatha kusokonezeka ngati muli ndi dysphagia.
Zinthu izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kusuntha chakudya kuchokera kutsogolo pakamwa mpaka mano
- Kutumiza chakudya kumbuyo kwa pakamwa ndikupanga bolus
- Kusunthira bulus kumbuyo kwa lilime lomeza
- Kutsegula bulus
Mitsempha ya m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa ikamayamba kumeza, chakudya chimathamangira pansi mwamsanga mofulumira, mothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe kake (osati mwadala) kayendedwe kake. Buluwu imadutsa minofu yomwe imalekanitsa mimba kuchokera mmimba, yotchedwa sophageal sphincter. Minofu imatseka pambuyo pa chakudya chomwe chimalowa m'mimba, kuti chakudya chikhalebe mmimba momwe chimawonongeka pamene chimbudzi chimayambitsa .
Pamene bolus imalowa m'mimba, imalowa m'mimba. Pakati pa mimba ya chimbudzi, mcherewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ndi mavitamini omwe amapangidwa m'mimba. Potsirizira pake, pamene bolus imasweka, zowonjezera za zakudya zomwe zimapezeka mu zakudya zimakhala m'mimba. Zambiri mwa zinthuzi zimapita kumatumbo ang'onoting'ono kuti apitirize kuwonongeka komanso kuyamwa.
Mapangidwe ndi kugawidwa kwa Bolus ndizofunikira pakugwidwa kwa chimbudzi chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo.
Choyamba, kupanga mapuloteni ofewa ndi ofewa kumathandiza kuti zakudya ziziyenda mofulumira kudera losiyanasiyana m'mimba. Ndipo, kusintha kwa zakudya ndi kapangidwe ka zakudya kumayambitsa njira yowonongeka kwa mankhwala, yomwe ndi njira yomwe chakudya chomwe timadya chimagwidwa mu particles chochepa kuti thupi likhoze kuyamwa zigawozo mu magazi. Makhalidwe awa a chakudya cha bolus mapangidwe amatha kulamulira mlingo umene chakudya ndi zakudya zimatulutsa ndi kutulutsidwa m'thupi.
Kawirikawiri, chakudya chimapangika mofulumira ndipo kenako chimadutsa m'thupi mwachangu kuti chiwonongeke m'mimba komanso m'mimba.
Komabe, dysphagia ikhoza kulepheretsa mapangidwe abwino a chakudya cha bolus.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati mwakumana ndi dysphagia, mavuto anu omeza angapange okhaokha patapita nthawi. Komabe, palibe chitsimikizo kuti mudzasintha popanda kuthandizira. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungapangire bwino kumeza luso ngati muli ndi dysphagia.
Udindo wa dysphagia umaphatikizapo kusintha kwa moyo, kumwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
- Kusintha kwa moyo: Kusintha kwa positi, onse akukhala ndi kukhala pansi, komanso kudya pang'ono ndi njira zosavuta zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa. Zakumwa zamadzimadzi monga madzi, zimakhala zovuta kuzimeza ngati muli ndi dysphagia. Kusintha makulidwe a zakumwa ndi kudya zakudya zofewa zingakhale zothandiza.
- Mankhwala opatsirana: Chithandizo cha dysphagia chimaphatikizapo mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mawu, chinenero, ntchito kapena opaleshoni. Zochita za lilime , milomo , mmero, ndi pakamwa zidzamasuka ndi kulimbitsa minofu yomwe imalamulira kumeza ndi kukulitsa kusintha kwa dera.
- Thandizo lachipatala: Pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kutsegula minofu kuti awononge mosavuta. Njira zina zothandizira zingaphatikizepo njira zowonjezera magetsi (NMES).
> Kuwerenga kwina:
> Mankhwala ndi thupi lachibadwa ndi losazolowereka kumameza oropharyngeal dysphagia, Sasegbon A, Hamdy S, Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Nov; 29 (11). lembani: 10.1111 / nmo.13100. Epub 2017 May 25.