Ngakhale mosavuta, kumeza ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri zomwe thupi lathu limachita. Zomwe zimawoneka ngati zosavuta komanso zodzidzimutsa zimaphatikizapo zochita zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuchitika mwachindunji chomwe chimagwirizanitsa magawo atatu, kuphatikizapo mbali zingapo za dongosolo lamanjenje.
Pali zopindulitsa, kapena zochita zowonongeka zomwe zimaphatikizapo kumeza, komanso kusafuna kudzipereka, kapena kuchita zinthu zowonongeka polojekera.
Gawo lachitatu la kumeza ndilo pansipa:
Nthawi Yoyankhula
Kuyamba kumayamba ndi gawo loyankhula. Gawoli limayamba pamene chakudya chimayikidwa pakamwa ndipo chodzaza ndi phula. Chakudya chotawidwa chimatchedwa chakudya bolus.
Chakudya chotere chimayang'anitsitsa mwachangu ndi mano omwe amayendetsedwa ndi minofu ya mastication (kutafuna). Panthawi imeneyi, chakudya "chimakonzedwera" muyeso yaing'ono yomwe imayaka bwino kwambiri kuti ipitirire mosavuta kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo. Chakudya choterechi chimapititsa patsogolo mosavuta kupita kumtunda (kumtunda kwa mmero).
Kuchokera pa orophaxx, chakudya cha bolus chimaperekedwanso kumbuyo kwa lilime ndi minofu ina kumapeto kwa pharynx (khosi). Khwerero iyi imapanganso kukwera kwaufulu kwa mkamwa wofewa pofuna kupewa chakudya cholowa m'mphuno.
Minofu yomwe imayambitsa kayendedwe ka kamvekedwe ka mame imayambitsa mitsempha yomwe ili mu brainstem, yotchedwa mitsempha yovuta.
Mitsempha yothandizira kugwirizanitsa gawo ili ikuphatikizapo mitsempha ya trigeminal, mitsempha ya nkhope, ndi mitsempha ya hypoglossal.
Pharyngeal Phase
Pamene chakudya chikufika pamtunda, mitsempha yapadera imayambitsa gawo losavomerezeka la kumeza. Kugwedeza kovuta, komwe kumaphatikiziridwa ndi malo omeza mu medulla (m'munsi mwa ubongo), kumapangitsa kuti chakudyacho chilowetsedwe mu pharynx ndi phokoso (chakudya chachitsulo) ndi zizindikiro zomveka ndi zosavomerezeka za minofu yambiri kumbuyo kwa pakamwa, pharynx, ndi mesophagus.
Chifukwa kamwa ndi mmero zimakhala ngati cholowera cha chakudya ndi mpweya, kamwa imapereka njira yoti mpweya uzilowetsa mphepo komanso m'mapapo, ndipo imaperekanso njira yoti chakudya chifike m'mimba ndi m'mimba.
Mbali yovuta ya gawo la pharyngeal ndi kutseka mosasamala kwa larynx ndi epiglottis ndi zingwe zamtundu, komanso kulepheretsa kanthawi kupuma. Zochita izi zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chisamapite "pansi paipi yolakwika" mu trachea (windpipe).
Kutsekedwa kwa khunyu ndi epiglotti kumateteza mapapo chifukwa cha kuvulaza, monga chakudya ndi zina zomwe zimalowa m'mapapu zingayambitse matenda aakulu ndi kukhumudwa kwa minofu. Matenda oyambitsa matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha matendawa.
The Esophageal Phase
Monga chakudya chimachokera ku pharynx, chimalowa m'mimba, yomwe imakhala ndi minofu yomwe imatsogolera chakudya m'mimba chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zowonongeka. Kudya kwa chakudya kupyolera m'kati mwa gawoli kumafuna kugwirizanitsidwa kwa vagus nerve , glossopharyngeal mitsempha, ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha kuchokera ku chisomo chachisomo.
Mphuno imakhala ndi minofu iwiri yofunika yomwe imatseguka komanso imayang'ana bwino pamene chakudya chimagwera pansi pakumeza. Minofu imeneyi, yotchedwa sphincters, imalola kuti chakudya chiziyenda kutsogolo ndikuziletsa kuti zisayende molakwika (regurgitation).
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, zoyambira kumtunda, ndizomwe zili m'munsi, zotseguka potengera kupsyinjika kwa chakudya cha bolus komanso pafupi ndi chakudya cha bolus.
Mpweya wotsekemera wam'mimba umalepheretsa chakudya kapena matumbo kuti asabwezeretsedwe pakamwa, komabe kachilomboka kamene kamakhala kochepa kamene kamatsimikizira kuti zakudya zimakhala m'mimba, zomwe zimalepheretsanso kubwerera m'mimba.
Pochita zimenezi, maseĊµera olimbitsa thupi amachititsa kuti zakudya zowonongeka zisamangidwe.
Dysphagia
Mwachidziwikire, anthu wathanzi amatha kumangirira ndi kulingalira pang'ono komanso mwachangu. Ngati dongosolo lamanjenje likusokonezeka chifukwa cha sitiroko kapena matenda ena, ndiye kuti mavuto ndi kumeza akhoza kuchitika. Kuthetsa mavuto kumatchedwa dysphagia. Dysphagia ingayambitse mavuto monga kukumva, kusowa kwa kudya ndi kulemera kwa thupi, ndi chikoka cha chibayo.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati mwakumana ndi stroke kapena matenda ena a ubongo, mungayambe kufufuza kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi dysphagia. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za dysphagia, mufunika kukhala ndi mawu ndi kumeza mankhwala kuti minofu yanu yowononga ingakhale ndi mwayi wopambana momwe mungathere.
> Zotsatira:
> Kugwirizana pakati pa Dysphagia, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Score, ndi Predictors of Pneumonia pambuyo Ischemic Stroke, Ribeiro PW, Cola PC, Gatto AR, da Silva RG, Luvizutto GJ, Braga GP, Schelp AO, Arruda Henry MA, Bazan R , J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015 Sep; 24 (9): 2088-94