HTLV ndi retrovirus yomwe imayambitsa maselo oyera (T-maselo kapena ma lymphocytes) omwe amamenyana ndi matenda. Anthu pafupifupi 10-20 miliyoni ali ndi kachilomboka, koma ambiri sakudziwa.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya HTLV, ine ndi yachiwiri. Mavairasi awa ndi ofanana. Panthawi imodzi, kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamene kanali ndi kachilombo ka T kanatchedwa HTLV-III, koma izi sizinachitike. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kachilombo katsopano kanatchedwa HTLV-3.
HTLV-Ine ndimapezeka kawirikawiri ku Caribbean ndi Japan, komanso anthu ochokera ku South America, Australia, Africa, ndi Middle East. Ku Japan, HTLV-1 ingapezeke mwa oposa 100 mwa opereka magazi, koma makamaka m'madera okhudzidwa, mpaka 1 pa 10 aliwonse a zaka zoposa 40.
Pali magulu a kachilombo komwe maulendo amakhala osachepera 1-2% koma amatha kufika 20 mpaka 40% mwa anthu opitirira zaka 50, pamene chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chikuwonjezeka ndi zaka. Madera amenewa amwazikana padziko lonse lapansi - kuchokera ku Caribbean, makamaka mbali za Jamaica ndi Haiti, komanso mbali zina za Colombia ndi French Guyana, kumadera ena akumidzi ndi kumadzulo kwa Africa ndi Middle East makamaka ku Iran, komanso Romania, Japan, ndi pakati pa Aaborijini ena ku Australia. Pakhala pali masango ang'onoang'ono pakati pa aAfrica-Amerika ochokera kumwera kwa US komanso a Afro-Caribbean ku Brooklyn.
Palinso mapepala pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga ku Louisiana.
HTLV-2 imapezeka makamaka pakati pa anthu oyambirira, makamaka Amwenye Achimereka ndi Amerindi ku Brazil komanso ku Panama. Miyeso inali yaikulu kwambiri kuposa oposa 1 mwa khumi pakati pa anthu ena osungirako zinthu kumwera kwa Florida ndi 1 mwa 100 aliwonse ku American Indians magazi donors ku New Mexico.
Chifukwa chiyani nkhaniyi?
HTLV ikhoza kukhala matenda osatetezeka, koma kwa ena, ingayambitse matenda ena abwino kwambiri.
HTLV-1 ingayambitse khansa, mavuto a minofu, ndi matenda ena. Ambiri, komabe, sadzakhala ndi zizindikiro; mwina 1-4% adzakhala ndi khansa, kawirikawiri pakati pa zaka 30 mpaka 50 patapita zaka zambiri.
HTLV-1
Munthu wamkulu T-cell leukemia / lymphoma (ATL)
Msonkhanowu ukhoza kukhala wophweka, wotsekemera, kapena wodwala - kapena, mwa kuyankhula kwina, sikungabwere mwadzidzidzi koma umakhala wochepa pang'onopang'ono. Pakhoza kukhala ma calcium m'magazi, omwe angakhale owopsa kwa impso kapena maganizo a wodwalayo. Pali ziwalo zazikulu (makamaka mu chifuwa cha mediastinum), ziwindi zazikulu ndi zowonongeka, ndi mafupa amphongo kumene fupa laphwanyika, palinso khungu, mapapo, ndi m'mimba.
HTLV-1 Wothandizidwa ndi Myelopathy / otentha a paraparesis (HAM / TSP)
Matendawa ndi Myelopathy zomwe zikutanthauza kuti msana wamtunda umaonongeka ndi matenda. Zingayambitse kufooka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa minofu, makamaka miyendo. Izi zikhoza kuyambira pakati pa zaka 30 mpaka 50 ndipo kawirikawiri ana.
Kawirikawiri imayamba ndi kufooka kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kosalekeza komanso kuperewera. Izi zingamve ngati "zikhomo ndi singano" - ngati mwendo wako wagona. Ena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lokuta komanso ayenera kupita nthawi zambiri, ena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la m'mimba kapena erectile dysfunction.
Ena ali ndi ululu wammbuyo ndi ululu m'milingo yawo. Ambiri ali ndi matenda a khungu nthawi yomweyo.
Ikhoza kugwirizananso ndi kutupa maso kapena maso owuma (uveitis kapena keratoconjunctivitis sicca), ululu wothandizira (nyamakazi), mapapo kutupa (pulmonary lymphocytic alveolitis), ndi kufooka kwa minofu ndi kutupa (polymyositis).
Matenda Osakwanira: Anthu omwe ali ndi HTLV-1 amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana. Nyongolotsi Strongyloides imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi; Ikhoza kukhala matenda aakulu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HTLV-1. Zapezeka kuti matendawa akhoza kumangidwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana - matenda a khungu, makamaka eczema yosakanikirana ndi Staphylococcus aureus ndi streptococcus.
HTLV-2
Zotsatira za HTLV-2 sizikhala zochepa. Yakhala yogwirizana ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi (maselo ofiira) koma chiopsezo sichiri chowonekera.
Kodi HTLV imafalitsidwa bwanji?
- (kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana 5%, nthawi zambiri poyamwitsa)
- kugonana
- kuikidwa magazi
- kugawana za singano ndi siringi
Silikufalitsidwa ndi kulankhulana kosavuta. Kawirikawiri imafalikira m'mabanja.
Chithandizo
Palibe katemera, koma pali ntchito yopezera katemera. Palibe mankhwala enieni kapena mankhwala okhudza kachilomboka. Matenda a minofu amachiritsidwa. Khansara, ATLL, imachiritsidwa ndi akatswiri a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake omwe amatha kupanga mafupa. Matendawa amachiritsidwa ndi maantimicrobial.