Urticaria (ming†™ oma) ndi ofiira, kutentha kwa khungu komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi chakudya, mankhwala, ndi zinthu zina. Kawirikawiri imayamba ndi chikopa cha khungu ndipo imayamba kukwera ku welt yomwe ili ndi malire.
Urticaria imayambitsidwa ndi mphamvu yosadziwika ya chitetezo cha mthupi momwe mankhwala otchedwa histamine amatulutsidwa m'thupi. Ngakhale izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zowononga, pali zinthu zina zomwe siziwathandiza.
Zizindikiro zikhoza kukhala zovuta (kuwoneka ndi kuthetsa mwamsanga) kapena zosapitirira (zotalikapo kuposa masabata asanu ndi limodzi).
Makamaka urticaria amapezeka kawirikawiri. Zochitika zakale zingafunike kufufuza zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuyesera khungu, kuyesedwa kwa thupi, kapena khungu lachikopa. Antihistamines amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga urticaria, ngakhale kuti H2 blockers, corticosteroids, antidepressants, ndi mankhwala oletsa anti-asthma angathenso kulangizidwa.
Zizindikiro
Urticaria ingakhudze anthu a msinkhu uliwonse ndikuyamba pa gawo lirilonse la thupi, kuphatikizapo mitengo ya palmu ndi miyala. Ming†™ omayi idzawoneka ngati yotchedwa welts (wheals) ndipo nthawi zonse idzakhala yosangalatsa, ena kuposa ena. Zitha kukhala zosiyana ndi kukula kwake koma zidzakhala ndi malire. Pogwedezedwa, likulu lidzakhala "blanch" (tembenukani).
Ming'oma yambiri imakhala yovuta komanso yokhazikika, kuthetsa payekha mkati mwa maola 24 mpaka 48. Ena angatenge masiku kapena masabata asanasankhe.
Pa nthawiyi, si zachilendo kuti ming'oma iwonongeke ndikuwonekeranso. Nthawi zina Urticaria ikhoza kukhala limodzi ndi minofu yambiri yotchedwa angioedema , yomwe imakhudza nkhope, milomo, lilime, khosi, kapena maso.
Ming'oma yambiri imatha kupitirira miyezi kapena zaka ndipo ingayambitsidwe ndi nkhawa, kutentha, kuzizira, ndi zina.
Urticaria imasiyanasiyana ndi chilengedwe (atopic dermatitis) mu chisanu chimenecho chimadziwika ndi kuuma, kutumphuka, kuthamanga, kupopera, kuthamanga, kapena kutuluka magazi. Ming'oma siyikulongosoledwa m'njira izi.
Zimayambitsa
Mwachidule, urticaria yonse imakhalapo chifukwa cha kusamvetseka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Ngakhale kuti zowonongeka ndi chitsanzo chofala, sizomwe zimayambitsa. Mitundu ina ya urticaria yamtunduwu imayesedwa ndi yankho lokhazikika. Zina zimakhala zodziwika bwino (kutanthauza kuti zinachokera pachiyambi).
Urticaria Yopweteka Kwambiri
Urticaria imayambitsa matendawa pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankha mosavuta kwa chinthu chopanda kanthu ndipo chimatulutsa mankhwala otchedwa histamine m'magazi. Mbiri yakale ndi yotupa yomwe imayambitsa zizindikiro za matenda, zomwe zimakhudzanso matenda opuma komanso m'mimba koma khungu.
Zomwe zimachititsa kuti urticaria zisawonongeke zimaphatikizapo chakudya (kuphatikizapo nkhono, mazira, ndi mtedza), mankhwala osokoneza bongo (kuphatikizapo aspirin ndi antibiotic), ndi kuchenjeza tizilombo (makamaka njuchi ndi nyerere zamoto).
Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria
Urticaria nthawi zambiri imakhala yodopathika ndipo ingayambidwe ndi nkhawa kapena zovuta zina. Ngakhale njira yeniyeni ya chikhalidwe ichi sichidziwika, amakhulupirira kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa autoantibodies (ma chitetezo a chitetezo cha m'thupi omwe amalowerera maselo a thupi) kungayambitsenso kumasulidwa kwa histamine ndi mankhwala ena opondereza.
Choncho, pamene vuto la urticaria lachilendo likhoza kukhala losiyana ndi urticaria yomwe imayambitsa matendawa, zotsatira zake zidzakhala chimodzimodzi (ngakhale zitakhalapo nthawi yaitali). Azimayi amakonda kumakhudzidwa kuposa amuna.
Kupatula kupsinjika, zomwe zimawoneka bwino zimaphatikizapo kutentha, kutentha , dzuwa , kupanikizika , kuthamanga , madzi , kapena kukangana . Mitundu ina yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi imachitika pokhapokha ngati pali zakudya zolimbitsa thupi.
Zifukwa Zina
Matenda ndi matenda monga chiwindi cha hepatitis, matenda a impso, lymphoma, ndi nthendayi yambiri yaumadzi (kuphatikizapo lupus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi) ingasonyezenso ndi ming'oma yamtheradi kapena yambiri.
Kudziwa
Urticaria kawirikawiri imapezeka kuti imachokera ku ndondomeko ya mbiri yanu ya zamankhwala ndi mawonekedwe a chiwombankhanga. Ma Lab ndi zojambula zosawerengeka sizikufunikira pokhapokha ngati pali chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimaganiziridwa (monga khansara).
Kuchuluka kwa mphukira kungathe kusankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chida choyesa chomwe chiwerengero cha ntchito ya urticaria (UAS). Pachifukwachi, dokotalayo amatha kutsata zizindikiro ziwiri zoyambirira-magudumu ndi pruritus - pamtingo wa 0 (matenda ochepa) mpaka 3 (zoopsa zochitika). Mapiritsi 6 awonetseratu kuphulika kwakukulu kumene kumafunikira kuzunza.
Ngati kuyesedwa kwina kukufunika, kungaphatikizepo chimodzi mwa izi:
- Kuyezetsa magazi kungakhale kolimbikitsidwa ngati mutakhala ndi matenda aakulu, opatsirana, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mayeso a khungu kapena test radioalergosorbent testay (RAST) ndi mitundu iwiri yowonongeka.
- Mayeso olimbitsa thupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti ming'oma yanu yayikulu imapangidwira. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chilakolako chokayikira-monga chipale chofewa, kutentha, kuthamanga, kuwala, kapena kukangana-khungu. Kuyezetsa magazi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Chikopa cha khungu (kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwala omwe amapezeka kuti apangidwe kalabu) kumangowonetsedwa ngati ming'oma ikulephera kusintha ndipo palibe chifukwa china chomwe chingapezeke. Pokhapokha pali tanthauzo lapadera la magudumu, chidziwitso cha mng'oma sichidzawonetsa chirichonse chosasintha.
Chithandizo
Ming†™ oma yambiri imatha kuthetsa ndekha mkati mwa masiku angapo ndipo ingangotenga mvula yonyowa, yofewetsa pansi pofuna kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kutupa.
Zina zimatenga masabata angapo ndipo zimafuna antihistamines kumathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro. Anti-anti-antihistamines monga Allegra (fexofenadine) , Claritin (loratadine) , ndi Zyrtec (cetirizine) nthawi zambiri amapereka chithandizo chambiri. Mankhwala oletsa antihistamine angapezeke mwa mankhwala.
Ngati antihistamines okha atha kupereka chithandizo, mankhwala ena akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kapena kulowetsedwa, makamaka ngati chifukwa chake sichiri choletsedwa. Mwa iwo:
- Mankhwala a H2 , monga Pepcid (famotidine) , Tagamet (cimetidine) , ndi Zantac (ranitidine) , angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi antihistamines kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa mitsempha.
- Corticosteroids , monga Prednisone , ikhoza kuchepetsa kuyankhidwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo mwamsanga imachepetsa kuyabwa ndi kutupa ngati antihistamines sakugwira ntchito.
- Leukotriene amasintha monga Accolate (zafirlukast) ndi Singulair (montelukast) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira mphumu komanso amathetsanso mitundu yambiri ya idiopathic urticaria.
- Doxepin ndi tricyclic yodetsa nkhaŵa yomwe imakhala ngati antihistamine yamphamvu pamene imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa mankhwala.
- Xolair (omalizumab) ndi jekeseni wochuluka wa jekeseni wochuluka womwe umathandiza kwambiri pakuchulukitsa mitundu yosalekeza ya urticaria yomwe sinayankhepo kuchipatala china.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngakhale ming†™ oma ikhoza kukhala yosamvetsetseka komanso yosasangalatsa, nthawi zambiri sizowopsa. Komabe, ngati ayamba kusokoneza khalidwe lanu labwino, funsani dokotala wanu kuti atumize munthu wina yemwe angagwiritse ntchito mayesero kuti amvetse chifukwa chake. Ngati njira yowononga zowonongeka ikupezeka, zingapo zing'onozing'ono zowonongeka zingaperekedwe pang'onopang'ono zimakukhumudwitsani pang'ono.
Nthawi zambiri, ming†™ oma ikhoza kukhala mbali imodzi ya ziwopsezo zomwe zimawopsa ngati anaphylaxis . Ngati ming'oma ikuyenda ndi kutupa kwa nkhope, kuvutika kupuma, kupweteka kwa mtima, kusanza, kapena kusokonezeka, imbani 911 kapena wina akakufulumizeni ku chipinda chapafupi chapafupi. Ngati sanasamalidwe, anaphylaxis ikhoza kuchititsa mantha, kutentha, mtima kapena kupuma, komanso imfa.
> Zotsatira:
> Ferrer, M ;; Bastra, J ;; Gimenez-Arnau, A. et al. Kusamalira urticaria: osati kovuta kwambiri, osati mophweka. Zomwe Amayi Ambiri Amakhulupirira. 2014; 45 (4): 731-43. DOI: 10.1111 / cea.12465.
> Schaefer, P. Urticaria Yachilendo ndi Yachilendo: Kufufuza ndi Chithandizo. Am Phys Physician. 2017; 95 (11): 717-724.