Eczema, yomwe imadziwikanso ndi atopic dermatitis, ndi matenda aakulu a khungu omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri kuyambira ali mwana koma akhoza kupitiriza kapena kuyamba kukhala wamkulu. Monga zowawa zina ndi mphumu, atopic dermatitis imayamba kuthamanga m'mabanja.
Zizindikiro
Eczema imayambira ngati ntchentche yomwe, ikavunda, imayamba kuphulika. Kuthamanga kumachitika paliponse m'thupi, ngakhale kuti malo ena amodziwika mofanana ndi msinkhu wa munthuyo.
Mazira akuyamba amaoneka ngati mapopu aing'ono ofiira, kapena vesicles, omwe angayambe kapena kutuluka ndi kupitirizabe kukwatulidwa. Pamene khungu limapitirizabe kudulidwa, liwoneka ngati lachikopa kapena lichenified.
Malo a chikanga pa thupi amadalira zaka za munthuyo. Kwa ana ndi ana aang'ono kwambiri, chisangalalo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi nkhope, chifuwa, ndi kumbuyo kwa khungu, pakuti izi ndi malo omwe mwanayo amatha kuwombera. Eczema sichimachitika m'deralo, kupatula ngati mwanayo amatha kuwonekera kumeneko.
Kwa ana achikulire ndi akuluakulu, malo amtundu wa dzuwa amakhala ndi khungu pansalu la mabomba ndi kumbuyo kwa mawondo, popeza malowa ndi "osinthasintha". Eczema ikhoza kuphatikizapo nkhope, maso, ndipo zingakhale zochepa pazanja za manja ndi mapazi, makamaka kwa akuluakulu.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi eczema, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayang'anitsitsa chifuwa kusiyana ndi kumenyana ndi matenda.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti khungu limakhala ndi mankhwala ochepa opatsirana ndi matenda, kupereka mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, bowa, ndi mavairasi mwayi wochuluka wakukula kapena kupatsira khungu.
Makoloni ndi matenda a khungu ndi mabakiteriya a Staphylococcus aureus akhoza kuwononga chilengedwe koma mankhwala ochiza ma antibiotic angathandize kusintha nyengo.
Matenda a fungal, monga nthendayi, amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chikanga, makamaka ngati timagwiritsa ntchito timadzi timene timagwiritsa ntchito timadzi tokoma. Matenda opatsirana amakhalanso ofala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chilengedwe, monga matenda a herpes ndi molluscum contagiosum. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya kawirikawiri ndi / kapena matenda angathe kusintha zizindikiro zawo zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mabhati a bleach .
Chithandizo
Kupewa zoyambitsa kuyabwa ziyenera kukhala chinthu choyambirira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chisangalalo. Pewani kuvala zovala zomwe zingakwiyitse khungu, monga ubweya wa nkhosa, nylon, ndi zina. Zovala za potoni ziyenera kuvala ndi kusambitsidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zofewa ziyenera kupeŵedwa.
Ngakhale kusamala kwa dzuwa kumatha kukhala kothandiza kwa eczema , kuwonetsetsa kwambiri dzuwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha kwa dzuwa, ziyenera kupeŵa. Choncho, tizilombo toyenera kuteteza dzuwa tiyenera kugwiritsira ntchito khungu nthawi zonse dzuwa lisanafike.
Anthu omwe ali ndi chilengedwe chachikulu ayenera kuyesedwa kuti ayambe kuyambitsa matendawa . Pet dander ndi nyumba fumbi nthata ndi zoteteza zachilengedwe zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawononga kadamsana. Ndipo zakudya zowonjezeka zowonjezera zimatha kuwononga chilengedwe, makamaka makamaka kwa ana.
Kusamalira bwino khungu kumayambira ndi kukwanira kokwanira komanso kusungunula, komwe kumachepetsa kuyabwa ndi kupanga mapangidwe a nyengo.
Kusungunuka kwa khungu kumasungidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kwa khungu kowonongeka khungu. Kusamba kungakhale kothandiza ngati kuchitidwa mwanjira yoyenera-kuyendayenda tsiku ndi tsiku m'madzi osambitsidwa ndi madzi osakanizidwa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito khungu lakumwa kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumutu pomwe khungu likadali lonyowa.
Mankhwala
Tiyeni tiwone njira zochepetsera mankhwala zomwe zingapezeke pa chithandizo cha eczema:
- Mankhwala a antihistamines : Kuwotchera kumatha kukhala kochepetsedwa mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito antihistamines yochepetsetsa masana kapena ndi antiating antihistamines, monga Benadryl (diphenhydramine) usiku. Zimatsutsana ngati antihistamines ndi othandiza kuchiza chilengedwe.
- Mankhwala otchedwa steroids : Mankhwalawa ndiwo mankhwala oyamba a dermatitis ndipo amapezeka m'magetsi, mavitamini, mafuta odzola, komanso zothetsera mavuto. Zolemba za steroids zimapezeka pamtundu wodutsa komanso mankhwala. Kawirikawiri, mankhwala opangidwa ndi mafuta onunkhira ndi amphamvu kuposa mawonekedwe a kirimu omwe ali amphamvu kuposa mawonekedwe a lotion. Zotsatira zoyipa, monga kupatulira khungu, kuvulaza, ndi kupangika kwa mitsempha ya magazi zingathe kuchitika ndi ntchito yaitali ya high-potency topical steroids.
- Mitundu yopanda steroid: Topical calcineurin inhibitors, monga Elidel (pimecrolimus) ndi Protopic (tacrolimus) , si mankhwala a steroid, mankhwala opatsirana opatsirana omwe amavomerezedwa kuti azitha kulandira chilengedwe kwa akuluakulu ndi ana opitirira zaka ziwiri. Sizimapangitsa kuti khungu likhale lochepetsedwa, limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, komanso limathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zochepa. Komabe, a FDA apereka mankhwalawa akuchenjeza bokosi lakuda pogwiritsa ntchito chitetezo.
- Zovuta (zamlomo kapena jekeseni) steroid : Kawirikawiri, maphunziro ochepa a machitidwe a (oral or injected) steroid amayenera kuti athetse mphamvu ya chilengedwe. Chenjezo liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito-pamene chizungu chimakhala bwino pa systemic steroid, "chiwonongeko" chimatha kuwonjezeka khungu pakangotha steroid. Ngati mankhwala ovomerezeka a m'kamwa akufunika, mlingowo uyenera kuponyedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti uchepetse vutoli.
Chitsime:
Leung DYM, Nicklas RA, Li JT, et al. Kusamalira Matenda a Dermatitis Yambiri: Njira Yophunzitsika Yoyambira. Ann Zozizira Kuthana ndi Immunol; 93: S1-21.