Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya zakudya zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi zakudya zisanu ndi zitatu: mkaka, soya, dzira, tirigu, nkhanu, mtedza, nsomba, ndi nsomba. Zonsezi zimakhala zovuta. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi chiwopsezo cha zakudya zambiri chifukwa ali ndi vuto linalake.
Ngakhale kuli kosavuta kumwa mkaka kapena kudya mazira ngati mulibe mankhwalawa, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ngati izi ndizo zowonjezera mkati mwa zakudya zina.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati muli ndi chifuwa cha zakudya, ndizofunikira kudziwa zomwe zili mkati mwa zakudya zomwe mumadya.
Kupititsa patsogolo Chakudya Chakudya
Kuwopsa kwa zakudya m'thupi kumawoneka kuti akuchitika msinkhu wa moyo ndipo ana angathenso kudya zakudya zowonjezera nthawi. Kuwopsa kwa zakudya kwa anthu akuluakulu kungapangitse nthawi iliyonse ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakula. Anthu ena adzakhala ndi zakudya zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimakhala nthawi yaitali, kuyambira ubwana komanso akuluakulu.
Ziribe kanthu vutoli, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake chakudya chakumwa chimachitika komanso momwe mungayang'anire kuti musadye zakudya. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa zifukwa izi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Mkaka Wotentha Kwambiri
Mkaka wamakono ndiwo zakudya zomwe zimafala kwambiri pakati pa ana a ku America ndipo pafupifupi 6 peresenti ya ana ali ndi mkaka wovuta. Mkaka wamatsenga ndiwo umapezeka m'chaka choyamba cha moyo. Ana ambiri amachotsa mkaka zowononga mkaka pamene ali ndi zaka zisanu (zaka zoposa 8); ena sangapitilire mpaka unyamata.
Anthu omwe ali ndi mkaka zowononga amatsutsana ndi mapuloteni a mkaka omwe ali mumkaka - casein ndi whey - ndipo ayenera kupewa zakudya zonse zopangidwa ndi mkaka. Kusagwirizana kwa Lactose ndiko kusamveka bwino m'magazi, otchedwa lactose ndipo si mkaka zowopsa.
Mkaka mu Zakudya. Malinga ndi lamulo la Food Allergy Labeling ndi Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA), mkaka uyenera kudziwika pazinthu zamagetsi m'chinenero choyera.
Kawirikawiri chizindikirocho chidzati "chili ndi mkaka." Ngati mankhwalawa akugwirizana ndi mkaka, ayenera kuphatikizapo "mkaka" mu chenjezo. Mwachitsanzo, chakudya chomwe chili ndi whey chiyenera kutchedwa "whey (mkaka)."
Ndizomveka kudziwa mawu a mkaka kuti muthe kuziwona pa lemba. Izi zikuphatikizapo mawu omwe ali osiyanasiyana monga lactate, whey, ndi casein. Mitengo ina yodabwitsa ya mkaka imaphatikizapo zakudya zopanda mkaka, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, agalu otentha, nsomba zamzitini, ndi mankhwala a khungu ndi tsitsi.
Egg Alergies
Mazira ndi zovuta zowonjezera pakati pa ana omwe ali ndi pafupifupi 2.5 peresenti ya ana onse omwe amadwala mazira. Izi ndizochidziwikiratu pamaso pa zaka ziwiri. Mazira si aakulu kwa allergen kwa akuluakulu. Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya ana adzalandira mazira awo pofika zaka zisanu (kapena mpaka zaka 10) ndipo otsalawo adzatha msinkhu wawo.
Munthu akhoza kutsekemera kwa dzira loyera, dzira la dzira, kapena onse awiri. Malangizowo ndi kupewa dzira lonse ngati zowopsa za dzira zilipo.
Mazira mu Chakudya. Mazira ayenera kulembedwa pamabuku a chakudya m'chinenero choyera, monga "ali ndi dzira," malinga ndi FALCPA. Nthawi zonse werengani zolemba zosakaniza kuti zikhale umboni wa dzira muzakudya. Dziwani dzira lobisika monga zosakaniza mazira ndi pasitala.
Mazira angakhalepo mu katemera monga katemera wa chimfine ndi katemera wa MMR. Zitha kukhalaponso m'mamwayi ena, monga mankhwala amwayi.
Peanut Allergies
Pafupifupi 1.3 peresenti ya ana ndi 0,2 peresenti ya akuluakulu amadwala mitengo. Pali umboni wakuti kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a nkhanu kukuwonjezeka ndipo maphunziro akupitiriza kufunafuna mankhwala ochizira .
Mafuta a peanut amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa kwambiri chifukwa chiwerengero cha anaphylaxis ndi chapamwamba kuposa chifuwa cha mkaka, mazira, kapena tirigu. Pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya ana adzalandira ziwombankhanga zawo zapakati.
Nkhuta zimakula pansi, osati m'mitengo ngati mtedza.
Iwo ali mbali ya banja la legume, lomwe limaphatikizapo soya, nandolo, lenti, ndi nyemba. Kukhala ndi ziwombankhanga zamtchire sikukutanthauza kuti muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha nyemba za nyemba ndi nyemba zina.
Akuti anthu 25 mpaka 40 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi nthendayi amatha kukhala ndi mtengo wa mtedza. Ngati muli ndi zotsekemera kwa peanut, mungakhalenso odwala kwa lupine.
Nkhumba mu Zakudya. Nkhuta zogulitsa zakudya ziyenera kulembedwa molingana ndi FALCPA, m'chinenero choyera pa phukusi. Fufuzani "muli ndi peanut" pa chizindikirocho. Peanut bata amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta ngati mankhwala monga chili monga thickener ndi pet pet. Mafuta a mafuta amchere amatha kupezeranso mankhwala osamalira khungu.
Mitengo ya Mtedza
Pafupifupi ana 8 peresenti ya ana ndi oposa 0,6 peresenti ya akuluakulu ali ndi zakudya zamtengo . Pafupifupi ana 9 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi nthenda ya mtengo wa mtengo amachoka.
Nutsiti zamtengo zimaphatikizapo mtedza wambiri, monga walnuts, pecans, pistachios, mchere wa mchere, amondi, ndi zina - makamaka mtedza uliwonse umene suli nsankhu. Chifukwa cha chiopsezo choyendana nawo, anthu omwe ali ndi nthenda ya mtengo wa mtengo amapewetsanso nyemba.
Kuopsa kwa chiopsezo cha anaphylactic ku mtedza wamtengo wapatali kusiyana ndi mkaka, dzira, kapena tirigu. N'zotheka kukhala osakanikirana ndi mtedza umodzi osati kwa ena kapena kukhala okhwima ku mitundu iwiri ya mtedza wa mitengo osati ena. Malangizo ndi kupewa mtedza uliwonse wa mtengo ngati mulibe mankhwala kapena mtedza uliwonse. Kokoti ndi mtengo wa mtengo koma sangakhale wofanana ndi anthu ena.
Mtedza Wamtengo mu Chakudya. Mtedza wa mtedza uyenera kulembedwa pazitsulo zolemba kapena phukusi la chakudya m'chinenero choyera, molingana ndi FALCPA. Pali maina ambiri a mtedza wa mtedza, kuchokera ku mtedza weniweni kupita ku dzina lachilatini mumagulitsidwe odzola, kotero zindikirani mawu amtundu wa mtedza wamtengo. Mtedza wa mtedza nthawi zina umapezeka mu "zokometsera zapangidwe" komanso "kukondweretsa zachilengedwe."
Mtedza wa mtedza ukhoza kupezeka mu mbewu, osakaniza, cookies, maswiti, chokoleti ndi mabala ena ozizira. Pesto ndi msuzi wa pasta womwe umakhala ndi mtedza wa pine kapena walnuts. Mudzapezanso mafuta a nati ndi zakudya zina muzinthu zina.
Soy Alergies
About 0,4 peresenti ya ana amatsutsana ndi soy . Soy si wamkulu wa allergen kwa akuluakulu. Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la soya adzapitirira ndi zaka 3, ndipo ambiri adzatha msinkhu wa zaka 10.
Kuchitapo kanthu kwa soy kumakhala kofatsa. Komabe, zotsatira zamphamvu zingathe kuchitika, ngakhale ziri zosawerengeka. Ana omwe amatsutsana ndi soya angakhalenso okonzeka ku mkaka. Anthu omwe ali ndi soya ayenera kupewa zakudya zonse komanso zakudya zopanda chakudya komanso / kapena zopangidwa ndi soy.
Soy mu Chakudya. Soy ayenera kulembedwa pa mapepala a chakudya mumalankhula momveka bwino - "ali ndi soya" - malinga ndi FALCPA. Zakudya zambiri, kuphatikizapo dadamame, miso, ndi tempeh zili ndi soya kotero onetsetsani kuti muwerenge zolemba zosakaniza. Alimi omwe ali ndi zofooka za soya adzafunika kudalira pazinthu zina zapuloteni chifukwa ndizofunika kwambiri pa zakudya zambiri zamasamba.
Tirigu Allergies
Pafupifupi ana a magawo atatu pa ana onse aliwonse a ku US amatsutsana ndi tirigu. Tirigu zowonongeka sizodziwika kwa anthu akuluakulu. Pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya ana omwe amatha kusakaniza tirigu amatha kukolola mbewu zina. Yang'anani ndi odwala matendawa ngati zakudya za balere, rye, kapena oats zili bwino kudya.
Ana ambiri amachotsa matenda a tirigu ali ndi zaka zitatu. Matenda a Celiac amafuna kupeŵa gluten, yomwe imapezeka mu tirigu, rye, balere, ndi mankhwala owonetsa. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda oopsawa amatsatira zakudya zopanda tirigu koma ayenera kupeŵa mitundu ina ya gluten.
Tirigu Mu Chakudya. Tirigu ndiwo chakudya chambiri mu American diet kotero kuti chingakhale chosokoneza kupeŵa. Amapezeka mu zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mkate, tirigu, ndi operekera zakudya, komanso zakudya zosaoneka ngati mowa, msuzi wa soya, zakudya zowonjezera, ayisikilimu, ndi zonyenga.
Tirigu angapezenso m'malo osadya monga Play-Doh ndi glue. Anthu omwe ali ndi tirigu wotsalira akhoza kutenga mbewu zina m'malo mwawo ndikuphimba zosowa zawo.
Nsomba Zogwiritsa Ntchito Nsomba
Pafupifupi 0.2 peresenti ya ana ali ndi nsomba zofiirira pamene 0,5 peresenti ya anthu akuluakulu amakhala nawo. Nsomba zofiira zimayamba kukulirakulira ndipo zingakhale zovuta, zokhudzana ndi moyo.
Saumoni, nsomba, ndi halibut ndizozirombo zomwe zimafala kwambiri. N'zotheka kukhala mtundu wina wa nsomba zamtundu wina osati zina. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi nthenda za nsomba adzalangizidwa kuti asapewe nsomba zonse.
Nsomba zatha (kapena nsomba zomwe sizatsopano) zingachititse mbiri yakale yomwe ingayambitse zomwe zimafanana ndi chakudya chomwe chimayambitsa matenda. Izi zimatchedwa scombroid poizoni ndipo zimaphatikizapo kutupa pakamwa kapena mmero, kupuma kovuta, kapena kunyoza kapena kusanza mutatha kudya nsomba.
Nsomba mu Chakudya. Malingana ndi FALCPA, mtundu weniweni wa nsomba zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu chakudya choyenera ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino pa phukusi. Nsomba zapezeka mu zakudya zodabwitsa monga kuvala saladi ya Kaisara, nsomba zopangira, Worcestershire msuzi, ndi msuzi wa msuzi. Onetsetsani kuti muwerenge lemba la zakudya ndi zosakaniza.
Zakudya zimatha kudya nsomba ndi zakudya zina monga French fries mu mafuta omwewo. Izi zimaipitsa mafuta ndi nsomba ndipo zimachititsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi nsomba zisawonongeke. Dziwani zinthu zina monga gelatin ya kosher, yomwe imapangidwa ndi mafupa a nsomba.
Mphepete mwazitsamba
Nkhuku zowopsa zimapezeka kwa anthu akuluakulu nthawi zambiri kuposa ana, ndipo pafupifupi 60 peresenti amakhala ndi vuto loyamba ngati wamkulu. Nsomba ndi nkhono zimachokera ku mabanja awiri a nsomba, kotero kuti zovuta zina sizitanthauza kuti muzitha kutero.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya nsomba: crustacean (shrimp, crab, ndi lobster) ndi mollusks (clams, oysters, mussels, ndi scallops). Zomwe zimachititsa kuti madzi asagwidwe ndi khunyu zimakhala zofala ndipo zimakhala zovuta. Anthu ambiri omwe amatsutsana ndi nkhono amauzidwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito mitundu yonse ya nsombazi.
Nsomba Zokwanira M'kudya. Nkhumba za shellfish ziyenera kulembedwa ngati chogwiritsira ntchito podyeramo chakudya pokhapokha, monga FALCPA. Mafuta a mabokosi saganiziridwa kuti ndi aakulu kwambiri ndipo sangathe kufotokozedwa bwino pa mankhwala.
Pewani malo ogulitsa zakudya zam'madzi chifukwa muli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu choyambitsa matenda , ngakhale ngati simukulamula kuti nsomba za m'nyanja zikhazikike. Nsomba za nsomba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera odyera a ku Asia monga kununkhira. Pewani kudya m'malesitilanti otere kapena osachepera, samalani kwambiri.
Mapuloteni a Shellfish angakhale otsika panthawi yopuma, choncho gwiritsani ntchito luntha pamakisitomala kumene nkhuku zikuphika.
> Chitsime:
> Boyce JA, et al. Malangizo Othandizira Kuzindikira ndi Kusamalira Chakudya Chakudya ku United States. Journal of Allergy ndi Clinical Immunology. 2010; 126 (6 0): S1-58. lembani: 10.1016 / j.jaci.2010.10.007.
> US Food & Drug Administration. Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri Za Chakudya Chakumwa. 2016.
> US Food & Drug Administration. Njira zowonjezeramo Zosungira Zakudya Zambiri Zokwanira Zokwanira ndi Gluten mu Zakudya. 2006.