Matenda a Lyme ndi matenda omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nkhuku ku United States. Zimatha kukhudza ziwalo zanu, zamanjenje, mtima, khungu, ndi maso. Amapatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya nkhupakupa zotchedwa nkhuku zakuda kapena nkhumba. Nkhupakupa zazikuluzikulu ndi za kukula kwa mbewu za sitsamine ndi nkhupakupa za nymphal (zazing'ono) zingakhale kukula kwa nthawi kumapeto kwa chiganizo ichi .
Kuchepetsa kuyika nkhupakupa ndi njira yabwino yopezera kuteteza matenda a Lyme. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito popewera ndi kuchepetsa matenda a Lyme.
Pewani Malo Ambiri Amene Amapezeka
Ngakhale kuti pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya nkhuku zonse zimakhala ndi mabakiteriya a Lyme, m'madera ena oposa theka lawo amakhala ndi majeremusi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Lyme amatenga kachilombo ka May mpaka Julayi, pamene nkhuku zapachikazi zimakula kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, nkhuku zimamera bwino ndi kuluma m'nyengo yozizira.
Nkhupakupa zamadzulo zimapezeka m'madera okongoletsedwa ndi aatali ndi udzu wamtali ndi tsamba la masamba, komanso malo ozungulira omwe ali pafupi, ndipo amapezeka kwambiri pamene malo awiriwa akuphatikizana. Iwo amakhalanso kukhala mu udzu ndi minda, makamaka m'mphepete mwa matabwa ndi pafupi ndi makoma akale a miyala.
Chifukwa nkhuku zazikulu zimadyetsa pazilonda, malo omwe nthendayi imapezeka kawirikawiri zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zambiri za nkhuku.
Mukalowa mu tick ticks, yendani pakati pa misewu kuti musagwirizane ndi udzu wambiri, tchire, ndi tsamba la masamba. Utumiki wapaki wa paki kapena dokotala wa zaumoyo angakuuzeni kuti ndi malo ati omwe ali ndi nkhuku.
Valani Mwabwino
Kuvala zovala zina kungakuthandizeninso kupewa nkhupakupa. Taganizirani izi:
- Valani mathalauza aatali, malaya apamwamba, ndi masokosi akulu kuti muzisunga nkhuku zanu.
- Valani zovala zoyera kapena zowala kuti zikhale zosavuta kuona nkhupakupa.
- Valani chipewa.
- Tsatirani tsitsi lalitali.
- Valani nsapato (opanda nsapato kapena nsapato).
- Lembani miyendo m'masiketi kapena nsapato ndi matani mumatumba kuti mutenge nkhuku.
- Lembani malo omwe mathalauza anu ndi masokosi anu amakumana kuti ateteze nkhupakupa kukwawa pansi pa zovala.
- Osakhala pansi pamtunda kapena pafupi ndi miyala.
Gwiritsani ntchito Kugwiritsira Kokiti
Dulani nkhuku zowonongeka pa zovala ndi nsapato musanalowe m'madera omwe muli nkhupakupa. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ochepetsetsa pogwiritsa ntchito 20 peresenti mpaka 50 peresenti DEET (N , N-diethyl-meta-toluamide ) pa khungu wamkulu ndi zovala zothandizira kupewa nkhuku. Ngakhale kuti zothandiza kwambiri, zowononga zingayambitse mavuto akuluakulu, makamaka mukagwiritsa ntchito mofulumira kwambiri pakhungu lanu. Makanda ndi ana makamaka akhoza kuvutika ndi zotsatira zoipa ku DEET. Ngati mumagwiritsira ntchito mobwerezabwereza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi DEET kuposa maperesenti 15, muyenera kusamba khungu lanu ndi sopo ndi madzi, ndikutsuka zovala zirizonse.
Permethrin ndi mtundu wina wonyenga umene umapha nkhupakupa pa kukhudzana. Zikhoza kupezeka m'masitolo omwe amanyamula zipangizo zamakono.
Ntchito imodzi ku zovala ndi nsapato zimakhala zothandiza kupyolera mu zitsamba zambiri. Permethrin sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika khungu.
Ikani mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Acaricides)
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa nkhuku zomwe zimatchedwa acaricide zingakhale zothandiza kuchepetsa nkhuku zomwe zikuzungulira pakhomo panu. Ngati nthawi yoyenera, ntchito imodzi kumapeto kwa May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June (ndipo mwachangu mu September kuti azitsatira nkhuku zazikulu) zingachepetse anthu ambiri. Kupopera mbewu pamtunda waukulu, komabe, sikungakhale kosavuta kwachuma ndipo kungayambitse zovuta zachilengedwe kapena zaumoyo.
Mwinanso mutha kulingalira kusunga nyumba yanu ndi mabokosi a nyambo omwe amachiza makoswe achilengedwe ndi acaricide.
Kugwiritsidwa bwino, zipangizozi zasonyezedwa kuchepetsa nkhupakupa kuzungulira nyumba ndi zopitirira 50 peresenti. Chipangizocho sichivulaza makoswe. Mankhwalawa ali ofanana ndi mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito utitiri ndi nkhupakupa pa ziweto. Mabokosi othawa amapezeka tsopano kuchokera ku makampani oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mayiko ambiri.
Zofukufuku zikuchitiranso pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu wapatali pazitsamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya. Nkhumba zimadya, zimayambana motsutsana ndi odzigudubuza okhala ndi acaricide. Mpaka pano, zotsatira zakhala zolimbikitsa.
Funsani ndi Ogwira Ntchito Zaumoyo Zam'mudzi
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ndi boma lanu limalamulira mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Funsani ogwira ntchito zaumoyo m'dera lanu nthawi yabwino kuti mugwiritsire ntchito acaricide m'dera mwanu, komanso malamulo alionse okhudzana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mukhozanso kulankhulana ndi kampani ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kunyumba kwanu.
Pangani Malo Okhala Otetezeka
Nkhupakupa zomwe zimafalitsa matenda a Lyme zimakhala bwino m'madera ozizira. Amafa mofulumira dzuwa ndi zowuma. Malingana ndi American Lyme Disease Foundation (ALDF), nkhumba za nthenda sizingadumphire kapena zimauluka, ndipo sizikutsika kuchokera pamwamba pa nyama yopita. Anthu omwe angathe kukhala nawo (kuphatikizapo mbalame zonse zakutchire ndi zinyama, nyama zoweta, ndi anthu) azikhala ndi nkhupakupa mwachindunji.
Kutsata njira zojambula zithunzizi kungathandize kuchepetsa nkhuku zomwe zikuzungulira kuzungulira kwanu, munda, kapena bwalo:
- Chotsani zinyalala za masamba ndi kutsuka burashi ndi udzu kuzungulira nyumba ndi pamphepete mwa udzu.
- Ikani nkhuni kapena miyala pakati pa udzu ndi malo amitengo kuti musamapite ku nkhuku kupita kumalo osangalatsa.
- Sungani udzu ndi udzu wonyezimira komanso tsamba la masamba.
- Gwiritsani ntchito pansi pa mbalame zodyetsa mbalame zoyera.
- Tengani nkhuni mwaukhondo komanso m'malo owuma.
- Sungani zipangizo zamaseŵera, mapiritsi, ndi patio kutali ndi mipanda ya pabwalo ndi mitengo.
Pewani Chikondwerero
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa nthendayi kuzungulira kwanu poyesera kupewa matenda a Lyme, kuphatikizapo:
- Osadyetsa ziweto pa malo anu. Zingakhale zofunikira kuchotsa odyetsa mbalame ndikuyeretsa kutayika kwa mbalame.
- Pangani zolepheretsa zakuthupi (kulanda mpanda) kuti mulepheretse nsomba kuti zisalowe m'bwalo lanu.
- Thandizani kulimbana ndi zitsamba ndi zomera zosagwidwa ndi udzu.
Fufuzani Mipikisano
ALDF imati njira yabwino yodzitetezera kuti musadwale matenda a Lyme ndi kudzipenda kamodzi tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuchotsa nkhupakupa iliyonse musanayambe (yotupa) ndi magazi. Chitani nkhuku tsiku lililonse mutakhala panja, ngakhale pakhomo lanu. Fufuzani mosamala zovala zanu, khungu, ndi thupi lanu, makamaka m'malo amvula, kuphatikizapo:
- Chimake
- Kumbuyo kwa mawondo
- Nape wa khosi
- Malo a mazenera
- Scalp
- Malo akumunda
- Maphwando
- Chiuno
Chotsani Tizakiti Mwamsanga
Ngati mutenga nkhupakupa pakhungu lanu, musawopsyeze. Sikuti nkhuku zonse zili ndi kachilombo. Kuwonjezera apo, malinga ndi ALDF, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nkhupakupa za kachilombo kawirikawiri sizingayambe kutulutsa spirochete (bacterium yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Lyme) kufikira itatha kuikidwa maola pafupifupi 36 mpaka 48.
Kumbukirani, ngati mutapeza nkhupakupa yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi khungu lanu lomwe silinayambe kulowa m'thupi, mwinamwake simunakhalepo nthawi yayitali yofalitsa matenda a Lyme.
Chotsani nkhuku yomweyo pogwiritsa ntchito zida izi:
- Nsomba zochepa zazing'ono
- Magalasi kapena galasi lokulitsa (ngati zothandiza / zofunikira)
- Magulu kapena minofu
Samalani kutsatira ndondomeko izi:
- Chitetezo choyamba: Tsatirani zodzitetezera zapachilengedwe ndi kuvala zipangizo zoteteza , ngati muli nazo.
- Gwirani nkhuni ndi tiyizi pafupi kwambiri ndi khungu.
- Sungani ndi chifatso chokhazikika. Kukoka molimba kwambiri kumathetsa nkhupakupa ndi kusiya zina. Chitani mwachifatse. Nkhupakupa ikuyesera kugwiritsabe, koma iwe udzapambana.
- Fufuzani nkhupakupa kuti muwonetsetse kuti zonsezo zachotsedwa. Onetsetsani kuti m'kamwa mwa nkhupakiti muli zolimba; Yang'anani nsagwada ndi mutu wopangidwa ndivi.
- Ngati nkhuku iliyonse ikusoweka (ngati chiripo, kawirikawiri ndi mutu), funsani kuchipatala mwamsanga kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda. Musatche 911, koma pitani ku chipatala chachangu mwamsanga kuti musankhe tsiku lomwelo.
- Sungani nkhuku mu chidebe chotsamira (musachikhudze ndi manja opanda kanthu). Zimanyamula mabakiteriya omwe angakuchititseni kudwala, ngakhale ngati sakukulumulinso.
- Yang'anani wodwala (kapena nokha) masiku angapo. Ngati zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme zikuwoneka, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga. Chizindikiro choyamba komanso chodziwika bwino cha matenda a Lyme ndi chiphuphu chodziwika, chotchedwa erythema migrans.
Zimene Simuyenera Kuchita Pakuchotsa Tiketi
Kupanda nkhupakupa kuchotsa chiwopsezo kumawonjezera mwayi wa nkhuku yotumiza matenda. Ganizirani izi:
- Osapotoza, kuponda, kuseka, kapena kukoka nkhupakupa. Mumayesetsa kutseka mutu wake.
- Musayese kuwotcha nkhuku. Mukamapsa nkhuni ndi masewera, mutha kusintha magazi anu onse (ndi mabakiteriya ena) mu thupi lanu poyesera kudzipangitsa kukhala yaying'ono kotero kuti ikhoza kubwerera. Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mwatayika kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mutha kutenga matenda a Lyme.
- Musayese kukankha nkhuni ndi mafuta odzola, mafuta odzola, mapiritsi a msomali, kapena zinthu zina.
- Osakhudza nkhupakupa ndi kusowa khungu. Zingakuchititseni kudwala.
Kuchita ndi Khungu Loyalidwa, Tsitsi, ndi Zovala
Khungu ndi khungu lopangidwa ndi nkhuku, kunyezimira komanso shampoo yamphamvu imathandiza kuchotsa nkhupakupa zilizonse, ngakhale ALDF ikuti izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri. Pa zovala, mwatsoka, kungosamba zovala zanu sikupha nkhupakupa. Zovala zokhutira ziyenera kuyendetsedwa kudzera mu zouma zovala pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa mphindi 30 kapena kuposerapo. Kuyanika zovala zanu kungaphekenso nkhupakupa zosawoneka zomwe zatsala pazovala zanu.
Yang'anani Ziweto Zanu
Fufuzani ziweto za nkhupakupa musanazilowetse m'nyumba, popeza ziweto zimatha kuzigwira. Ziphuphuzi zimatha kugwa popanda kugwira nyama yanu ndikugwirizanitsa ndi kuluma anthu. Komanso, ziweto zitha kukhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme.
Yang'anirani Kukwapulidwa kwa Tiketi
Ngati khungu lanu likulumikizidwa khungu lanu kwa maola osachepera 24, mwayi wanu wopeza matenda a Lyme ndi wochepa kwambiri. Koma kuti mukhale otetezeka, yang'anirani thanzi lanu mosakayika mukangokhalira kuluma ndikukhala osamala za zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha nkhuku . ALDF imalangiza kuti muyang'ane malo a kuluma kwa maonekedwe a chiwombankhanga chomwe chikuwoneka ngati ng'ombe ya masiku atatu kapena 30 mutatha kuluma. Ngati kuthamanga kapena zizindikiro zina zoyambirira zikuyamba, penyani dokotala mwamsanga. Ngakhale kuti mwakhala mukusowa kale pawindo kuti muteteze matenda a Lyme, matenda oyambirira angakuthandizeni kupeza chithandizo cham'mawa.
Lankhulani ndi Dokotala Wanu
Ngati mutayankha "inde" ku mafunso otsatirawa, kambiranani za mwayi wotenga antibiotic ndi dokotala kapena wothandizira zaumoyo:
- Kodi inu munali kudera limene matenda a Lyme amavuta mukakhala ndi nkhuku kuluma?
- Kodi nkhupakupayi inaphatikizapo osachepera tsiku limodzi?
- Kodi zakhala zosakwana masiku atatu kuchokera pamene munachotsa nkhupakupa kapena mutachoka?
Ngakhale kutenga mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito nkhuku kuluma sikukulimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse, zingakhale zopindulitsa kwa anthu ena m'madera kumene matenda a Lyme amapezeka. Wopereka chithandizo chaumoyo wanu ayenera kudziwa ngati ubwino wopanga maantibayotiki pambuyo pa tizilombo kukulitsa zovuta. Kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda a Lyme ndi nkhuku kuluma ndi kochepa, ngakhale m'madera ochepa kwambiri, kotero opereka chithandizo chamankhwala ambiri samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo kuti asamalidwe ndi nkhupakupa pokhapokha atakhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme.
Njira Zowonjezerapo
Malingana ndi CDC, njira zina zothandizira nkhupakupa zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa zikuphatikizapo:
- Zosintha zamasamba ndi malo
- Mitundu ya fungal ya zamoyo
- Kuchokera kwachilengedwe kumabweretsanso nkhupakupa bwinobwino
- Katemera woteteza ku matenda a Lyme
Katemera wa Lyme Matenda
Mu December 1998, a FDA adavomereza katemera odwala Lyme matenda, LYMErix, omwe anapangidwa ndi SmithKline Beecham. Mu February 2002, wopanga LYMErix adalengeza kuti kuyimitsa katemera kumeneku kunali kuyimitsidwa, kutchula kuti osakwanira ndalama zogulira. CDC imanena kuti chitetezo choperekedwa ndi katemerayu chimachepa pakapita nthawi. Choncho ngati mutalandira katemera wa Lyme musanafike chaka cha 2002, mwina simungatetezedwe ndi matenda a Lyme.
Komabe, mu July 2017, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inapereka chithandizo chofulumira kwa wophunzira wodwala katemera wa Lyme wotchedwa VLA15. Kulemba mwatsatanetsatane kumatanthawuza kuti katemera wa katemerawo udzathamangitsidwa, ndipo diso lidzayang'ana kupezeka koyambirira kwa anthu onse. Katemera uwu unkawoneka mofulumira kuti umenyane ndi vuto lokula mofulumira la matenda a Lyme, zomwe zingachititse kulemala kwakukulu ndi kuvutika kwanthawi zina.
VLA15 ndi katemera wambiri, womwe umatanthawuza kuti umateteza chitetezo cha Borrelia , mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa matenda a Lyme. Makamaka, VLA15 imayang'ana kunja kwa mapuloteni a kunja (OspA), omwe ndi mapuloteni ambiri ku Borrelia omwe amasamutsidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Chifukwa chimayimira mitundu sikisi yosiyana ya OspA-yomwe imayimira mitundu 6 yosiyanasiyana ya katemera wa Borrelia - katemera woterewu amatha kuteteza matenda a Lyme ku United States, Europe, ndi padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi kutchulidwa kwachangu, Valneva, kampani yomwe imapanga VLA15, yakhala ikuyesa ma ARV. Malingana ndi kumasulidwa kwa July 2017, mayesero a gawo la 1 I akuphatikizapo anthu 180 pa malo atatu, awiri ku United States ndi wina ku Belgium.
Mu kafukufuku wapaderawa, ochita kafukufuku akuyesa kusamala ndi kulekerera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ndi katemera wa VLA15. Ofufuzawa amadziŵa kuti thupi lawo limakhala lopanda mphamvu, kapena kuti katemera amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke, poyesa magulu a anti immunoglobulin G (IgG) motsutsana ndi mitundu 6 yambiri ya Lyme borreliosis ku United States ndi Europe.
Mankhwala a IgG amaimira pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya ma antibodies m'thupi. Mankhwalawa amafunikira kuti asamapewe matenda a bakiteriya ndi mavairasi.
> Zotsatira:
> Amayi a American Lyme Disease Foundation.
> Sitima Yoyesera ya Kulima ku Connecticut. Kuphatikizidwa Tick Management .
> Hinckley AF, Meek JI, Ray JAE, et al. Kugwira ntchito kwa Residential Acaricides Kupewa Lyme ndi Matenda Okhudzidwa ndi Anthu. Journal of Infectious Diseases . July 15, 2016; 214 (2): 182-188. lembani: 10.1093 / infdis / jiv775.
> MPR. Chithandizo cha Matenda a Lyme Chimawoneka Mwachangu. Lofalitsidwa pa July 24, 2017.