Katemera ndi wabwino kwambiri
Chiwindi chamoto ndi matenda omwe amatha kupha udzudzu. Tilibe mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amathandiza kuchiza chikondwerero cha chikasu . Izi zimapangitsa kupewa kuteteza matenda, imfa, ndi kuphulika. Mwamwayi, tili ndi katemera wothandiza kuti tipewe.
Sikuti aliyense akhoza katemera, komabe. Anthu omwe sangakwanitse, makamaka ngati akukhala m'mayiko 47 kumene matendawa akufala, pitani ku umodzi mwa mayiko awo, kapena kukhala pafupi ndi malo okhudzidwa, muyenera kudalira njira zina zothandizira.
Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) limagwira ntchito nthawi zonse kuti liwonjezere chiwopsezo cha katemera kwa omwe ali pangozi ndi kukhala ndi ziphuphu pamene zichitika, zomwe zimatiteteza ife tonse.
Katemera wa Fever Yellow
Chifukwa chiyani katemera
Ziwerengero zimasonyeza chifukwa chake kupewa ndi katemera n'kofunika.
Malingana ndi CDC, mlingo wa kachilombo kwa anthu osadulidwa kupita ku West Africa ndi 50 pa 100,000. Kuopsa kwa imfa ndi 10 pa 100,000. Ndipo zovutazo zimakhala zovuta ngati mutapezeka kuti mukupita kumeneko panthawi ya chivomezi.
Ndani ayenera kulandira katemera
Ngati mukukonzekera kupita ku Africa, South America, kapena Central America komwe kuli malungo achikasu muyenera kukhala katemera asanapite. Ena mwa mayikowa sadzakulolani kuti mulowe popanda umboni wa katemera.
Kupeza katemera n'kofunikanso ngati mumakhala pafupi, kapena mukupita, dera lomwe panopa likukumana ndi vutoli. Kuphulika kungathe kuchitika m'madera omwe matendawa sapezeka ngati wodwala wodwalayo akubweretsa apo ndipo amachititsa udzudzu wamtundu umene umatha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV ndikupatsira anthu ndi nyama zomwe amaluma.
(Chiwindi chamtundu sichifalikira mwachindunji kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu, ndipo ndi udzudzu, anthu, ndi nyama zina zomwe zimatha kuzigwira.)
Pofuna kukuthandizani kuti mudziwe za katemera zomwe mukufunikira pakuyenda, CDC ili ndi tsamba la Travelers 'Health komanso tsamba limodzi ndi Yellow Fever & Malaria Information by Country.
Nthawi
Konzani kuti katemera wanu asanamangire ndege - zimatha masiku 10 mpaka 14 mutaponyedwa kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi chitetezo.
Katemera umodzi amakutetezani kwa zaka 10, ndipo chitetezo chokha chimatha kukhala ndi moyo.
Mavuto ndi Zovuta
Katemera ndi wotchipa ndipo amawoneka ngati otetezeka kwa anthu ambiri. Komabe, pali zovuta kuziganizira.
Pakati pa 10 peresenti ndi 30 peresenti ya anthu amene amapezeka ndi katemera wa chikasu, amafotokoza zizindikiro zochepa zomwe zimatha pafupifupi sabata, monga:
- Kutentha thupi kwambiri
- Mutu
- Thupi limapweteka
Mavuto aakulu, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri, ndi awa:
- Yankho la kugwiritsira ntchito (hypersensitivity) (chifuwa), ndi chiŵerengero cha 1.3 pa 100,000 mlingo.
- Katemera wa chiwindi wambiri wamagazi, womwe uli ndi chiwerengero cha 0.8 pa 100,000 mwa iwo osapitirira 60, 2.2 pa 100,000 mwa iwo oposa 60.
- Matenda a mavairasi omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi matenda a malungo, omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha 0.3 pa 100,000 omwe ali pansi pa 60, 1.2 pa 100,000 omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
Contraindications
Anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu choteteza katemera sangathe katemera. Zomwe zingakhale zovuta ndizo:
- Mazira ndi mankhwala a dzira
- Zakudya zomanga thupi
- Gelatin
- Latex (mu chipika cha vial)
Anthu ena omwe sayenera kupeza katemerawa ndi awa:
- Ana osakwana miyezi isanu ndi umodzi
- Ana a miyezi 6 mpaka 9, pokhapokha ngati ali pamalo oopsa kwambiri
- Azimayi, pokhapokha atakhala pamalo oopsa kwambiri
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a thymus, kachilombo ka HIV, kapena mavitamini ena
- Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala ena
Katemerayu amachitapo kanthu mosamala za chitetezo pa nthawi ya mimba ndi kuyamwitsa chifukwa sichinaphunzire mokwanira kuti amvetsetse zoopsa zilizonse zomwe zingakhalepo.
Ngati muli m'ndandanda umenewu ndikupita ku dera kumene umboni wa katemera ukufunikira, mudzafunikira zolemba zachipatala kuti chilolezo chichotsedwe.
Vaccine Alternatives
Kwa anthu omwe sangathe katemera, ndizofunika kuchita zomwe mungathe kuti muteteze udzudzu nthawi iliyonse yomwe muli m'chipatala.
Kuti musamamve, CDC imalimbikitsa:
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otetezera tizilombo omwe ali ndi DEET, picaridin, IR 3535, kapena mafuta a mandimu a mandimu pa khungu lirilonse.
- Kuvala malaya atsopano, mathalauza, ndi masokosi kunja, nyengo ikuloleza; ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zovala zochepa kwambiri.
- Kudziwa zochitika zapamtunda za mtundu wa udzudzu wotchedwa kufala kwa HIV ( Aedes Aegypti ndi mitundu ina ya Aedes ).
- Kukhala m'nyumba zokhala ndi zipinda zowonedwa kapena zoziziritsa.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka kuti ateteze udzudzu wa udzudzu, chifukwa angathe kupha udzudzu wosatetezeka ndipo amatulutsa matendawa.
Kupewa Kwambiri
Kupewa kudzakhala cholinga chachikulu choletsa kufalikira kwa chikondwerero cha yellow fever. Ndicho chifukwa akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti sangathe kuthetsedwa.
Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa zimapezeka monkey ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi ziphuphu m'madera omwe matendawa amakhala. Cholinga chachikulu ndikutenga katemera wambiri m'madera amenewa pofuna kupewa kuphulika kwa matenda.
WHO imagwira ntchito yoteteza yellow fever ndi mapulogalamu. Cholinga cha gulu ndi chiwerengero cha katemera wa 80 peresenti m'mayiko 47. Pofika chaka cha 2027, chiyembekeza kuti anthu opitirira biliyoni adzaponyedwa.
Mabungwe omwe amatha kulimbana ndi malungo a chikasu amakhala ndi mavuto oposa asanu ndi limodzi a katemera omwe amadzabweretsedwanso kuti athe kuchitapo kanthu pamene akuwoneka paliponse padziko lapansi.
WHO imalimbikitsanso kuthetsa malo omwe amatha kubereketsa udzudzu poika zida za kupha mchere m'madzi. Panthawi ina, udzudzu wonyamula matendawa unachotsedwa bwino kuchokera ku Central ndi South America. Komabe, abwerera mmbuyo ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa kumeneko. WHO imati sizothandiza kuyesa kuthetsa udzudzu ku nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kupewa Yellow Fever. August 2015.
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Thanzi la Oyenda, Mutu 3: Matenda Opatsirana Okhudzana ndi Kuyenda: Yellow Fever. March 2018.
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kutentha Kwambiri: Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo. August 2015.
> Chakudya JE, Gershman M, Fischer M, Zomwe Zidzasintha Kudziteteza ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). Katemera wa malungo a chikondwerero: Maphunziro a Komiti Yopereka Malangizo Okhudza Kuteteza Katemera (ACIP). Lipoti laumphawi ndi lakufa mlungu uliwonse. Malangizo ndi malipoti. 2010 Jul 30; 59 (RR-7): 1-27.
> Bungwe la Padziko Lonse la Umoyo. Chiwombankhanga Chofiira: Zolemba Zachidule March 2018.