Majekesero amodzi ndi owomveka
Mavairasi amayamba ndi mavairasi ambiri. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya enterovirus yomwe imachokera ku matenda ambiri - monga Manja Amanja ndi Mlomo Wodwala ndi chimfine - ku mavairasi omwe amafa komanso omwe sapezeka - monga polio komanso encephalitis. Matenda amodzi, Enterovirus-D68 kapena EV-D68, adalandira chidwi chochuluka pamene akufalikira matenda opuma kupuma mu 2014.
Vuto lina la EV-71 lingayambitse matenda okhudza ubongo monga encephalitis, omwe awonedwa mu kuphulika kwa China ndipo mwatsoka kuti katemera amayamba (ndipo akuku) (koma sakupezeka ku US).
Mfundo zenizeni zokhudza Enterovirus D-68
Mu 2014, pamene ana adabwerera kusukulu, kachilomboka kanafalikira mofulumira ku US. Inayambika koyamba ku Missouri ndikufalikira ku Midwest mpaka ku South ndi kumpoto ndi kumayiko onse. Amakhudza makamaka omwe ali ndi mphumu.
- Ambiri omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ana
- Ana omwe ali ndi mphumu amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu
- Sambani manja ndi sopo komanso madzi (osati mankhwala opangira mankhwala)
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kukhalabe pa mapepala okhwima, timagulu tawoti, toyitayili ngati timakhudzidwa
- Ana ambiri omwe ali odwala alibe malungo
- Ana ena amavutika kupuma ndipo amafunika kupita kuchipatala
- Palibe katemera kapena mankhwala enaake. Ambiri amayamba mwamsanga
- Majekesitu ndi odwala ambiri. D-68 ndi vuto chabe.
- Nthawi zina zimagwirizana ndi kufooka kwa minofu kapena kuuma
- Zochitika zina ndizoopsa, koma malire a imfa sali ochuluka kusiyana ndi matenda ena ambiri opuma.
Zowonjezera
Mavairasi amayamba ndi mavairasi ambiri. Zimakhala zofala ngakhale pamene sitikumva za kuphulika. Komabe, iwo amatha kuyambitsa matenda obwera mwadzidzidzi.
10-15 miliyoni ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana chaka chilichonse ku US. Palibe mankhwala enieni. Palibe katemera ku US kwa enteroviruses, kupatula polio, yomwe siigwira ntchito EV-D68. Kunja kwina kuli katemera okhawo osiyana siyana, kuphatikizapo polio.
Matenda ambiri a enterovirus samayambitsa zizindikiro - kapena kwambiri malungo kapena ozizira - osadziwika.
Pali ma syndromes aakulu omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi magawo ena, monga EV-D68.
Kutentha: Enterovirus D68 EV-D68
Zizindikiro zingakhale ngati chimfine. EV-D68 ikhoza kukhala matenda aakulu omwe amafunika kuchipatala. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizanso kupuma ndi kupuma. Ambiri samakhala ndi malungo. Ocheperapo pa 1 aliwonse anali ndi malungo.
Ana okhulupirira chikhalidwe chawo ali pachiopsezo chachikulu. Amene poyamba anali kuchipatala akhala ali aang'ono (zaka 6 mpaka 16) ndi asthmatic (68%).
Aliyense yemwe ali ndi kupuma kovuta ayenera nthawi yomweyo kupita kuchipatala. Palibe mankhwala enieni. Oxygen ndi chisamaliro cha chipatala zingafunike.
Mu August 2014, a Enterovirus-D68 anadziwika kwa ana ku Kansas City, Missouri. Pofika mwezi wa Oktoba, idali ndi mayiko 45. Ana oposa 1000 anadwala; 15% mwazipatalazi anafunikira chithandizo chokwanira.
Nthawi zina manja ndi miyendo ya ana angakhale ofooka, ngakhale olumala, monga polio. Izi "zovuta kuwonongeka ziwalo" zakhala zikugwirizana ndi Enterovirus D-68.
Matendawa akhala osowa padziko lonse lapansi, koma pakhala pali zochepa, koma matenda oopsa atchulidwa. Pakhala pali malipoti okhudzana ndi ziwalo. Ngakhale kuti matendawa anali ovuta, panali anthu ochepa omwe amafa nawo. Ndipotu, EV-D68 inapezeka kuti imayambitsa matenda oopsa, koma osati imfa zambiri kuposa ma virus ena opuma, monga rhinoviruses (komanso enterovirus).
Zovuta zina
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya enterovirus, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyana padziko lonse lapansi.
Polioviruses ndi enteroviruses. Zotsalira zopanda Polio Enteroviruses zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi: Coxsackievirus A, Coxsackievirus B, Echovirus, ndi kuwerengedwa kwa Enteroviruses. Pali 62 ma enteroviruses omwe samadziwika kuti amayambitsa matenda.
Rhinoviruses
Rhinoviruses amachititsa chimfine. Matenda ambiri ndi ofatsa kapena osadziwika ngakhale. Matenda ena akhoza kukhala aakulu ndipo amachititsa matenda opuma. Palibe mankhwala enieni kapena katemera. Amafalikira ndi madontho - monga kupuma m'matopewa kapena pogwira zinthu ndi manja oipitsidwa ndi madonthowa.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis ndi kutupa kwa ubongo, kuchititsa kutopa, kukomoka, kugunda, kutaya kayendetsedwe kapena kugwirizana.
EV71 ndi matenda aakulu ku Asia, akuyambitsa ziphuphu zazikulu kumeneko, koma osati ku US. Mukhoza kuchepetsa vuto la ubongo, monga ubongo-stem encephalitis umene umachedwa kuchepa kwa mpweya. Mtundu winawake wa mtundu wa C4 makamaka umakhudzana ndi kuphulika kumeneku.
Katemera awiri apangidwa chifukwa cha mavutowa ndipo amawoneka akulonjeza - koma a EV71 okha.
Matumbo a M'mapazi ndi Mlomo (HFMD)
Mabelera amayamba m'manja, nthawi zina mapazi, ndi pakamwa omwe amawoneka bwino kapena otupa ndipo amazunguliridwa ndi mphete zofiira. Izi zimapweteka ndikutsiriza sabata imodzi.
Coxsackievirus A16 ndi vuto lofala kwambiri la HFMD ku US, kupatula Coxsackievirus A6 yochuluka mu 2011-12. Coxsackievirus A6 imayambitsa matenda aakulu, nthawi zina amafunika kuchipatala.
Herpangina
Ochepa "Mphuno yamphuno" imakhala kumbuyo kwa pakamwa, pafupi ndi matani, ndi pakhosi ndi malungo. Angathe zilonda. Mabulters amachiritsa masiku 7-10.
Coxsackie A4, 10, 5, 6, 2 ndi 3 akugwirizana.
Myopericarditis
Myopericarditis ndi kutupa kwa pulojekiti (sac pafupi ndi mtima) ndi minofu ya mtima. Izi zingachititse kupuma pang'ono, kutopa, kupweteka pachifuwa - nthawi zambiri kumakhala pansi. Odwala akhoza kukula mtima. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kukhala ndi madzi owonjezera m'mapazi ndi m'mapapu. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonongeka kwa mtima kungakhale koopsa.
Ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi coxsackieviruses A4, B3, B2.
Zovuta Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (AHC)
Maso amawonekera magazi chifukwa cha masiku 5-7, asanayambe kuthetsa, nthawi zambiri popanda mavuto a maso.
Coxsackievirus A24 ndi enterovirus 70 zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi conjunctivitis ndi AHC.
Viral (aseptic) Meningitis
Maningitis ndi kutupa kwa meninges (membrane yozungulira ubongo ndi msana). Odwala ali ndi malungo, kumutu, ndipo nthawi zina chisokonezo. Angakhale ozindikira komanso osowa ntchito.
Echoviruses 13, 18, ndi 30 zikugwirizana.
Kufa ziwalo
Enterovirus 70 sichimayambitsa matenda a polio.
Neonatal Sepsis
Sepsis yoopsa kwambiri imapezeka ndi coxsackievirus B1.
Pleurodynia
Kutentha ndi ululu wa mfupa mwadzidzidzi m'mitambo yapansi kuchokera ku minofu yawonongeka.
Ndizochepa ndipo zimagwirizana ndi Echovirus 1.
Zotsatira Zakale
Majekesiti amkati amayanjanitsidwa ndi Mavuto Omwe Amasintha. Ena amaganiza kuti mtundu wa shuga ndi matenda ena akhoza kuyamba pambuyo pa matenda a enterovirus.
Kutumiza
Mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito poliyo angapezeke muchitetezo, maso, mphuno, kapena pakamwa. Matendawa akhoza kufalikira mwa kukhudzana (kugwirana chanza), zinthu zokhudza zokhudzana ndi ena ("fomites"), kusintha makoswe, kumwa madzi owonongeka. Odwala akhoza kufalitsa matenda ena kudzera m'mabedi kapena kupuma kwa masabata patapita masabata. Ntchito kapena kuyamwitsa zingathe kutumiza matenda. Zizindikiro zimakhala ndi masiku 3-6 pambuyo poonekera.
Kulephera kwa ana kwa nthawi yoyamba komanso chitetezo chokwanira. Pali zowonjezereka zokhazokha pakati pa enteroviruses zosiyana; anthu ambiri amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri.
Matenda
Chifukwa matendawa sangayambitse zizindikiro, sambani manja - makamaka musanayambe kudya, mukamagwiritsa ntchito zipinda zosambira, kusinthasintha, kumachezera aliyense wodwala.
Sambani manja anu ndi sopo ndi madzi. Mavitamini omwe amalowa m'thupi samatetezedwa bwino ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pewani kugwedeza manja. Chivundikiro chimadula ndi minofu kapena manja apamwamba. Malo oyera. Pewani kugwira nkhope yanu.
Palibe katemera ku US. Kuzindikira kumapangidwa ndi PCR. Palibe mankhwala enieni.