Chitetezo Chopewa Kuteteza
Zikuwoneka ngati mwana mmodzi akudwala pakhomo, aliyense amadwala. Koma kuchipatala, si wodwala mmodzi yemwe akudwala. Zingakhale mazana ambiri odwala. Komabe, madokotala ndi anamwino omwe amawasamalira samadwala. Iwo sagwirizana ngati akupita ku mwezi, koma nthawi zambiri amapewa kudwala. Zatheka bwanji?
Pali malamulo ophweka kwambiri anamwino, madokotala, ndi ena amatsatira kuti azikhala otetezeka kuchipatala.
Apo ayi, matenda akhoza kufalikira mwamsanga kuchipatala ndi zipatala zikanakhala malo omwe anthu amadwala, osati bwino.
Malamulo ena ndi ophweka kwambiri
Malamulo osavuta ndi awa:
1. Musakhudze, pokhapokha ngati mukufuna.
Izi zikutanthauza:
Osagwirana chanza ndi aliyense wodwala. Musakhudze nkhope yanu. Musakhudze chirichonse chimene simukusowa.
Sambani manja anu.
Izi zikutanthauza:
Kusamba m'manja musanalankhule ndi wotsatira wodwalayo.
Malamulo ena
Palinso malamulo ena omwe amamwino ndi madokotala amadzipepetsera okha ku matenda ena.
Kodi ndi chitetezo chotani chomwe chimadalira pa zomwe iwo akuwonekera - zigawo ziti za thupi ndi madzi amtundu wanji. Chitetezo chimadalanso ndi zizindikiro kapena matenda zomwe wodwala ali nacho. Momwe timadzitetezera ku sneeze ndi zosiyana ndi matenda a khungu.
Malamulo amenewa ayenera kutsatiridwa ngakhale asanatuluke. Zizindikiro kapena kukayikira kwa matenda ziyenera kuyambitsa zizindikiro.
Palibe amene ayenera kuyembekezera kuti atsimikizidwe bwinobwino kuti atetezedwe ndi kukhala otetezeka.
Kwa matenda ena, malamulo oposa umodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa chimfine chikhoza kugwidwa ndi kuponyedwa kapena kugwirana chanza. Pali mitundu iwiri yodziletsa yomwe ingafunike.
Zigawo zinayi zomwe zimatiteteza kuzipatala:
Zozizwitsa Zonse
Odwala onse ayenera kuchitidwa ngati kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa magazi ngakhale atayesa ndipo tawayesa.
Palibe amene ayenera kugwirizana ndi magazi. Palibe amene ayenera kuyanjana ndi madzi ena opatsirana, omwe amachititsa kuti: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kuchokera kumalo amodzi, mapaipi, mitima, m'mimba (malo osungirako zamoyo), komanso ubongo, umuna, ndi amniotic fluid pa kubala). Magolovesi nthawi zonse ayenera kuvala njira iliyonse kapena mayeso omwe angaphatikizepo magazi kapena madzi awa, monga kujambula magazi, kuika IV, kutulutsa magazi. Ngati pali chiwopsezo chamadzimadzi, muyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo cha maso ndi maski, komanso zovala ngati mukufunikira (monga kubadwa).
- Zozizwitsa zonse sizizimaphatikizapo madzi amadzimadzi kupatula magazi, madzi amadzimadzi okhala ndi magazi owonetsetsa, ndi madzi opatsirana omwe amatchulidwa pamwambapa (CSF, amniotic fluid, madzi ochokera m'mapapu, ziwalo, ndi zina). Komabe, ziyembekezeredwa kuti General Infection Control kuti zitsulo, makamaka magolovesi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madziwa (zotsekedwa m'mimba, chifuwa, thukuta, misonzi, mkodzo, mkaka wa m'mawere, nyansi, ndi masanza).
- Zitetezo zimenezi zimasiyana ndi njira zowonongeka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangidwanso, monga opaleshoni, pamene lamulo ndilo: Gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi oyera, zovala zopanda kanthu, kapu, maski pamene mukuphimba wodwalayo mu thupi lonse lophimba.
Contact Precautions
Kwa aliyense amene ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingafalitsidwe ndi kukhudzana. Izi zikuphatikizapo odwala otsegula m'mimba, makamaka ngati akudziwika kuti amachititsidwa ndi Clostridium difficile, norovirus, ndi rotavirus. Izi zikuphatikizanso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ena a khungu, makamaka nsabwe ndi mphere. Izi zingaphatikizepo mavairasi opuma, monga enterovirus ndi adenovirus, zomwe zingathe kufalikira pozembera kapena kukhudza mapepala, zitseko zazing'ono, ndi zinthu zina, zomwe timachitcha kuti fomites (zinthu zomwe zingatengere matenda).
Zitetezo zimenezi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazilombo zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga MRSA (Staphylococcal aureus), CRE (Carbapenem-resistobaterterceceee), VRE (Vancomycin resistant entococci).
- Aliyense wolowa m'chipinda cha wodwalayo ayenera kuvala magolovesi (ndi chovala).
- Zitetezo zotetezeka zimadalira chitetezo chokhazikika chotetezedwa, makamaka magolovesi.
- Izi zimathandiza kupewa matenda opatsirana pogwira wodwalayo (kapena fomu).
Zitetezedwe zamadzimadzi
Matenda omwe amafalitsidwa ndi madontho amaponyedwa kawirikawiri ndi kukhwima ndi kupopera (kuchokera ku majeremusi m'mphuno ndi sinus mpaka kumapapo).
Izi zikutsegula odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za: Fuluwenza, mavairasi ena opuma (parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, kupuma kwa syncytial virus (RSV), manapneumovirus, mapepala) ndi mabakiteriya (omwe akufuula chifuwa kapena pertussis). Odwala ena omwe ali ndi Neisseria meningitides , streptococcus ya gulu A - amafunika kutetezedwa kwa maola 24 oyambirira.
- Musayime mamita 3-6 kuchokera kwa wodwala. Kulankhulana, kunyoza, kapena kukokera kungatumize tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Aliyense wolowa m'chipinda cha wodwalayo amakhala ndi maski opaleshoni
- Odwala angapeze chipinda ngati wina ali ndi matenda omwewo. Apo ayi, nthawi zambiri amakhala okhaokha.
- Zosowa ndizochepa koma zazikulu kuposa ma microns 5. Izi zikutanthauza kuti 1 / 200th of millimeter.
Zosamalidwa Zomwe Zili M'kati
Zitetezo izi ndizofunikira kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagudubuza tating'ono tomwe timayendetsa mlengalenga. Mankhwala otchedwa dollops, omwe amatchedwa nuclei, kawirikawiri amabwera akamapuma (kutsokomola, kunyoza kapena kulankhula) ndipo amatha kudutsa mtunda wopitirira malire omwe amatha kutulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Magulu amphamvu kwambiri opatsirana amatha kuchita izi. Nkhuku yokha (mpaka zitsulo zotupa) kapena herpes zoster (shingles) mu munthu wosamvetsetseka kapena kufalitsidwa, chikuku, ndi chifuwa chachikulu (TB) amapezeka mzipatala.
Mitundu imeneyi ili ngati madontho, koma timangodya basi. Amakhala osachepera 5 microns - kapena 1 / 200th ya millimeter. Nthawi zina, zimakhala zochepa. Zing'onozing'ono, nthendayi imatha kufika m'mapapu.
Pazifukwa zochepa, matendawa amatha kuyendetsedwa bwino ndipo amawombera. Hantavirus kuchokera ku makoswe amatha kupangidwanso ndi kutulutsa makoswe ogona kapena anthrax spores pamene ali ndi ufa. Nkhumba inali - koma inathetsedwa. Tularemia ikhoza kuyanjanitsidwa kuchokera kwa akalulu ngati mwinamwake udzu wa udzu umapha chisa.
Pamene ogwira ntchito zachipatala amachita njira zomwe zingayambitse madontho abwino a mankhwala opatsirana - monga intubating wodwala matenda a chimfine - angagwiritse ntchito masks odzitetezera, komanso masewera kuti ateteze okha, ngakhale pamene nthendayi imafalikira makamaka kudzera m'malovu omwe sadziwitsidwa . CDC inalimbikitsanso kuti masks apadera azigwiritsa ntchito H1N1 mu 2009.
- Kupewa kutetezedwa kwapadera kumaphatikizapo kudzipatula wodwala ku chipinda chopanikizika chosiyana. Zipinda zoterozo zimachokera kunja ndikusamalowetsanso kuzipinda zilizonse zomwe zimayendetsa kapena pakhomo kuti aliyense apulumuke.
- Odwala ayenera kuchoka m'chipinda chawo, ngati n'koyenera, kuvala maski.
- Aliyense amene alowa mu chipinda ayenera kuvala maskiti apadera, chigoba cha N-95. Masks awa akhoza kusungunula bwino kwambiri particles. Ayenera "kuyesedwa bwino" kuti adziwe ngati atsekereza kuti majeremusi asatulukemo. (Amene ali ndi nkhope zazing'ono kapena tsitsi lakuda sangakhale ndi mask fit).
- Pakhoza kukhala zojambulira ndi magetsi a UV (Ultra-Violet) kuti aphe zamoyo, monga TB.
Matenda ena
Matenda ena akhoza kufalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zina zimafuna mitundu yambiri ya chitetezo. Enterovirus imafuna kugwilitsika kwazitsulo ndi kuchenjeza; Ebola imathandizanso, komabe imasowa zowonjezereka komanso zowonongeka.
Zina sizimakonda kufalikira m'zipatala koma zimatha. Njira zothandiza za singano ndi kuikidwa magazi n'kofunika kuti tipewe matenda opatsirana mwazi, monga HIV ndi Hepatitis B, komanso matenda opatsirana ndi vector. Mofananamo, matenda opatsirana ndi vector, ngati akufala, ayenera kutsogolera ku maukonde kapena zowonjezereka, monga m'madera omwe amatha kukhala ndi malungo kuti asamawonongeke pakati pa odwala ndi ogwira ntchito pamodzi.
Matenda ena akhoza kufalikira mwakutanthauza kusagwirizana ndi chisamaliro chapadera.