George Washington Amateteza Nkhondo Zake Kulimbana ndi Nkhomba
Katemera akhoza kukhala nkhani yotsutsana, koma America sangakhale atapambana ufulu wake popanda izo. Nkhani ya George Washington inochulukitsa asilikali ake pa nthomba imasonyeza phunziro lomwe likufunikira lero kuti anthu okwanira atetezedwe kuti asatengere matenda.
George Washington ndi katemera wa nthomba ku Valley Forge
History Channel ya "America-Mbiri ya Ife" mndandanda wa "Revolution" ikuwuza momwe kagawe kanasinthira zotsatira za Revolution ya America.
M'nyengo yozizira ku Valley Forge, George Washington anaganiza zoyamba asilikali oyambika. Izi mwachiwonekere zinapulumutsa asilikali okwanira kuti zinali zovuta kuti apambane nkhondoyo.
Chodabwitsa chimodzi ndicho lingaliro la inoculation kapena katemera komwe kumayambiriro kwa mbiriyakale. Pamene zikutuluka, katemera woyamba anachitika ku America zaka zoposa 50 izi zisanachitike ku Boston. Iwo adakonzedwa ndi Cotton Mather, yemwe adateteza akapolo awiri ndi mwana wake wamwamuna wazaka 6 zotsutsana ndi nthomba. Aliyense wa iwo anali odwala modzichepetsa, koma palibe amene anafa, ndipo palibe mmodzi mwa atatuwo amene anabwerapo ndi nthomba kachiwiri.
Mu 1776, theka la asilikali a ku Continental omwe anazungulira dziko la Quebec analandira nthomba. Anatumizidwa kuti abwerere, ndipo John Adams adalengeza kuti nthomba ndi chifukwa chake Chaka chotsatira, George Washington adawona asilikali ake ambiri akufa m'nyengo yachisanu ku Valley Forge. Anakumbukira mkazi wake pofotokoza zomwe adawerenga zokhudza inoculation.
Anamuuza azamwali ake kuti apange mabala ang'onoang'ono m'magulu abwino a asirikali, kenaka pukutsani nyemba zomwe zimakhala ndi asilikali omwe ali ndi kachilombo.
Ndondomekoyi imadziwika ngati kusinthasintha, kupatsa wina mtundu woopsa wa nthomba. Pambuyo pake, izi zinapulumutsa onse koma asilikali makumi asanu ndi awiri ndipo asilikali amatha kumenyana.
Zikanakhala zitatha chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomo, mbali za Canada zikhoza kuti zinaphatikizidwa ku US ndipo nkhondoyo ingapambane mwamsanga.
Ng'ombe Yopanda Chitetezo Imateteza Nkhondo
Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha chitetezo cha mthupi . Anthu odwala ambiri amakhala ndi thanzi labwino, osakhala ndi mwayi wambiri kuti asilikali ena adwale. Mwa kuteteza gulu lonselo, anthu a ku America atasintha ufulu wawo. Mukhoza kulingalira momwe dziko likanasinthira ndi George Washington osanamizira asilikali ake katemera.
Katemera Amateteza Aliyense
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700, lingaliro la inoculation kapena katemera linali latsopano komanso losatulutsidwa. Anthu ankachita mantha ndi katemera chifukwa anali odwala matendawa.
Tsopano mwatcheru kwambiri lero. Pankhani yaopseza tizilombo, zikuwoneka ngati sizinasinthe. Chitetezo cha aliyense (ng'ombe) chimadalira anthu okwanira kuti atenge katemera komanso kuti ana awo atenge katemera. Izi zimateteza matendawa kuti asayambe kufalikira mofulumira kwa munthu wina aliyense, pamene amathyola unyolo wa matenda. Mwa njira iyi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimateteza ngakhale omwe amakana katemera, koma zimadalira kuti iwo ali ochepa. Anthu ambiri akamakana, chitetezo cha chitetezo chimatayika.
Ngati munabadwa chaka cha 1972 chisanafike, mwayi wanu umakhala wabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha katemera wa nthomba. Fufuzani ulusi wozungulira pa mkono wanu wapamwamba, pafupi ndi phewa lanu. Bungwe la World Health Organization linalengeza kuti nthomba imathetsedwa mu 1980 .
Masiku ano, chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudzana ndi nthomba ndizotheka kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida cha bioterrorism. Zikakhala zoopsya, akuluakulu a zaumoyo amafunika kuti apange katemera omwe ali pangozi. Nkhokwe za ku United States zokhudzana ndi katemera wa tizilombo kuti katemera aliyense mudziko mwadzidzidzi.
> Zotsatira:
> Nkhumba. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/
> Zakale za US Military ndi Vaccine. The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/us-military-and-vaccine-history.