Ndondomeko za US zinapangidwa kuti zitheke
Matendawa
Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nthomba ndi yoopsa, yofalitsa, ndipo nthawi zina imayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi variola. Zizindikiro za nthomba zimayamba ndi malungo, mutu ndi thupi, ndipo nthawi zina zimasanza. Kuthamanga kumawatsatira kumene kukufalikira ndipo kumapita kukweza makutu ndi mapulitsi odzaza ndi mafinyawo, kukula kwa nkhanambo, ndi kugwa pambuyo pa masabata atatu, akusiya chilonda chowombera.
Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a nthomba sangayambe kukhala ndi zizindikiro ndipo sali otheka. Nthawi zina pakati pa 7 ndi 17 masiku amtsogolo, zizindikiro zidzayamba. Munthuyo amawopsa makamaka pamene chiwombankhanga chimayambira, ndipo chimakhala cholandirapo mpaka nkhanambo yomaliza imatuluka.
Kuopsa kwa Nthomba
Nkhumba, ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida, ingakhale yoopsa kwambiri chifukwa:
- imafalikira pamlengalenga munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka akupuma, kukamba, kuseka, kapena chifuwa
- Zikhozanso kufalikira ndi zovala zogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zitsulo
- Ikhoza kufalikira mu nyengo iliyonse kapena nyengo
- palibe chithandizo kapena chithandizo
- madokotala ochepa amadziwa kapangidwe ka nthomba ngati awona
- Anthu amene amapulumuka amasiyidwa ndi zipsera zoipa pamatupi awo kapena nkhope zawo, ndipo ena amakhala akhungu
- 30% kapena anthu ambiri omwe amatha kulandira nthomba amamwalira
Nthomba inapha anthu a ku America m'ma 1700 (onani buku la Elizabeth Fenn, Pox Americana , kuti mudziwe zambiri). Aliyense yemwe amadziwa za izo amawopa izo.
Nthaŵi zina maulendo angapo amavomerezedwa m'nyuzipepala zimakhala zovuta, ngakhale mantha.
Kodi Akuchitanji Ponena za Vuto Loyamba?
Popeza vuto lomaliza la nthomba linayamba mu 1977 ku Somalia, asayansi adayenera kudalira kafukufuku amene anachitidwa kale, kuphatikizapo ziganizo zawo zophunzitsidwa bwino, poyesera kukonzekera kuphulika.
Nazi zomwe tikudziwa, ndi zomwe zikuchitidwa:
1. Anthu katemera zaka zambiri zapitazo sangakhale ndi chitetezo.
Katemera amapereka chitetezo cha matenda, koma osati kwanthawizonse; Asayansi ambiri amavomereza kuti chitetezo chathunthu chimatha zaka 3-5. Zitatha izi, zimayamba kutha. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 1972 anasonyeza chiŵerengero cha imfa cha 11% kuti anthu adzidwe katemera zaka zoposa 20 asanatuluke ndi nthomba.
Asayansi amadziwa kuti ngati munthu akupezeka ndi nthomba, kumupatsa munthu katemera masiku asanu ndi limodzi kumachepetsa kuopsa kwake kwa matendawa kapena kumamulepheretsa kuchipatala.
2. Ndondomeko Yokonzera Nkhumba
Mu December 2002 polojekiti ya US National Smallpox Preparedness Program yakonzedwa kuti iteteze Achimereka ku chipolopolo cha nkhumba, ngati icho chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chida chachilengedwe. Magulu a mayankhidwe a nthomba ayambike m'madera onse m'dzikoli. Mamembala a gulu, kuphatikizapo ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ozimitsa moto, apolisi, ndi odzipereka, amapezeka katemera wa nkhumba ndipo amatha kuchitapo kanthu kuti asagwidwe ndi matendawa. Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo inayambanso kugwira ntchito zogwira ntchito za asilikali ndi anthu osagwira ntchito zachisawawa m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Pa January 24-December 31, 2003, katemera wa nthomba unaperekedwa kwa anthu 39,213 ogwira ntchito zachipatala komanso ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ku US. Oposa 1 miliyoni ogwira ntchito zothandizira asilikali komanso alandira katemera wa nkhumba kuyambira December 2002.
3. Dongosolo la Kuyankha Mafunso Ambiri a CDC
CDC yakhazikitsa ndondomeko yotsutsa ndondomeko. Ndondomekoyi ikufotokoza ndondomeko zomwe zingatsogolere kuyankha kwa umoyo wa anthu ku chiwombankhanga cha nkhumba ku federal, state, ndi magawo ammudzi. CDC imati katemera wa nkhumba sapezeka kwa anthu onse pakalipano. Komabe, ngati chiwopsezo chikuchitika, bungwe likunena kuti pali katemera wokwanira wa nthomba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti katemera munthu aliyense ku United States.
4. Kuphunzitsa odwala pa chithandizo cha katemera
Zowonjezereka ndizokuti madokotala ndi anamwino amaphunzitsa momwe angathandizire katemera wa nthomba ndi kuzindikira kuti katemera woteteza bwino katemera wa mankhwala opweteka (wotupa pa malo opangira jekeseni) adzakhala ntchito yopitirira.
Nthomba siidaperekedwa muwombedwe umodzi (jekeseni) ngati katemera wina. Pali njira yapadera yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito yotchedwa katemera wambiri. Othandiza ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ayenera kuphunzitsanso anthu omwe amachizidwa za zizindikiro zomwe zingachitike, komanso momwe angasamalire matendawa pa malo opatsirana.
Mukufuna Kudziwa Zambiri?
CDC ili ndi ziphuphu zapangwi ndi mwayi wa katemera womwe umapezeka kwa anthu onse. Palinso tsamba lachidziwitso pa Zimene Timaphunzira Zokhudza Nkhumba Kuchokera pa Mafilimu - Zoona Kapena Zopeka zomwe zikukambirana za FX Networks 2005 mafilimu a kanema wa TV "Chipolopolo" ndi chimaliziro cha May 2002.
> Zosowa
> Altman, Lawrence K. "Zotsatira za katemera wa nthomba Zikhoza Kutalika, Phunziro Limati." The New York Times , 8/29/02.
> Zomwe Zidzasokoneze Matenda. Nthomba.