Zowona za Zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi Zogwirizana
Pano pali zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mudziwe momwe ziwonetsero za ana zimakhudzira kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amaphunzitsidwa kuti amvetse momwe momwe ana amachitira zovuta zaumoyo zimakhudza luso lawo lochita nawo tsiku ndi tsiku zochitika ndi ntchito, zomwe zimatchedwa "ntchito". Zitsanzo zina zingaphatikizepo ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku monga nthawi ya chakudya, ukhondo, kuvala, kusewera, kucheza, kuphunzira kapena ngakhale kugona.
Kodi mudadziwa kuti tili ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa mphamvu "zisanu" za kuona, kumva, kununkhira, kulawa ndikukhudza? Zizindikiro zisanuzi zimatiuza za mtundu wanji wa zomverera zomwe zikuchokera kunja kwa thupi. Nanga bwanji za zowawa zomwe zimachokera mkati mwa thupi?
Pali zina ziwiri " zobisika " zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kuti titha kutenga nawo mbali pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zimaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa kwathu ndi kuyendayenda (dongosolo "lovala") ndi mphamvu yathu yodziwa thupi (dongosolo "lovomerezeka").
Pamodzi, zonse zisanu ndi ziwiri mwazimenezi zimathandiza kuti mwana athe kugwira nawo ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Amatipatsa zambiri zokhudza momwe thupi lathu likuyendera komanso zomwe zikuchitika m'dzikoli.
Tikadziŵa zambiri kuchokera m'matupi athu komanso ku malo athu, dongosolo lathu lachitsipa (ubongo ndi msana) zimagwira ntchito mwamsanga kukonzekera zofunikira zonsezi mu ubongo.
Ubongo ukhoza kutumiza zizindikiro ku ziwalo zoyenera za thupi kuti zithetse zoyendetsa zoyenera, khalidwe, kapena mayankho omwe amadziwika ("odziwika"). M'lingaliro lathu, ubongo wathu umakhala ngati woyang'anira magalimoto, akukonzekera zokondweretsa ntchito. Izi zimadziwika kuti " kugwirizanitsa maganizo " kapena "kulingalira bwino".
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wogwirizana, izi zimapezeka mosavuta, mosadziŵa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo. Kukhala wokhoza kukonza bwino maganizo ndikupanga machitidwe abwino omwe amachititsa kuti ana azitha kulamulira komanso kukhala ndi chidaliro.
Tsopano kuti mwakhala mukudziwitsani lingaliro la kuyanjana, tiyeni tiwone momwe dongosolo lamaganizo lirilonse limagwirira ntchito ndi momwe limathandizira kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mwana.
1. Njira ya Vestibular
Ndondomekoyi imapangitsa kuti timvetse bwino komanso kuyendayenda, ndipo imakhala mkati mwa khutu lathu. Momwe timasinthira pamutu wathu nthawi zonse pamene mutu wathu umasintha, ndipo amachititsanso chidwi ndi mphamvu yokoka (izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kupuma kwa mafupa, monga pogwiritsa ntchito mabotolo ogwedeza kapena kumvetsera nyimbo ndi bass heavy). Chovala chathu chovala chiri ngati chizindikiro cha "muli pano" ndipo chimatipatsa tanthauzo la malo omwe timakhala nawo. Zitsanzo za ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo zowonjezereka zimaphatikizapo kulumphira, kuyendayenda, kupukuta, kusuntha, kubwezera mutu wanu kutsuka tsitsi lanu, komanso ngakhale kutsika kuti musunge nsapato zanu.
Ndondomeko yavala ndi njira yovuta, yamphamvu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowonjezera kuchitetezocho chingakhale kuchepetsa, kuchenjeza, kukonzekera, kapena kusokoneza, malinga ndi mtundu wa kayendetsedwe kake komanso momwe zimakhalira kuti mwanayo ayende. Chipangizo chovala "chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mbali iliyonse ya ubongo" , kulola kuti liyanjanitsidwe ndi machitidwe ena angapo okhudzidwa komanso kuthandizira zinthu zina zosagwirizana ndi zomwe zimayenderana ndi zomwe zimayankhidwa, kuyankhidwa kwa magawo, komanso kuphunzirira maphunziro. Ophunzira Ogwira Ntchito Achipatala Achipatala amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zofunikira kuti athandize mwana kuwonetsa yankho lofunikanso ndikuwongolera luso lawo lochita nawo ntchito zothandiza.
Koyankhula, chovalacho chimathandiza ana kudziwa momwe amasunthira mofulumira, omwe akupita patsogolo, komanso ngati sakulepheretsa kusewera, kucheza, kuphunzira, kapena kuyendetsa malo awo.
2. Chidziwitso Chothandizira
Ndondomekoyi imapangitsa kuti tidziwitse thupi lathu. Minofu ndi ziwalo zathu zimakhala ndi mapulogalamu omwe amatsekedwa nthawi iliyonse yomwe atambasulidwa kapena kupanikizidwa (ganizirani chitsanzo cha kupachikidwa pa bar kapena kudumpha pa trampoline). Kamangidwe, maulendowa amatumiza mauthenga ku ubongo kuti ziwalo zathupi zimayenda bwanji. Kukonzekera kumatithandiza kudziŵa kumene ziwalo zathu zimagwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake (kotero sitiyenera kuwunika nthawi zonse ndi maso athu) ndi mphamvu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito (kotero tingathe kuyanjana bwino ndi malo athu). Tikadakhala ndi malingaliro ochepa, kuyenda kwathu kungakhale "pang'onopang'ono, kusasuntha, ndipo kumafuna khama". Kuwonjezera pa kutithandiza kuti tiziyenda bwino kwambiri, kulowetsa mwachinsinsi kungathenso kumverera kukhala chete, kukonza, kapena kukhazikitsa. Kuyankhula mwachidziwitso, dongosolo lovomerezeka limalola ana kuti achite zinthu monga kuyenda, kulumpha, kukwera, mtundu, kudula, kulemba, kuvala, ndi kuika zizindikiro popanda kuganizira mozama za ziwalo za thupi kapena momwe akufunira mphamvu Limbikitsani kukwaniritsa ntchito yomwe ilipo.
3. Njira Yothandizira
Mchitidwewu uli ndi udindo wokhudzidwa kwathu. Amadziwika kudzera m'matumba athu ndi mkati mwa pakamwa pathu. Njira yamakono ndiyo dongosolo lalikulu kwambiri ndipo ndilo njira yoyamba yolumikizira. Zimatithandiza kudziŵa pamene takhudza chinthu china (kugwidwa ndi ntchentche) ndi zomwe tachita (tsankho). Kuphatikiza pa chisokonezo ndi kusankhana, dongosolo lamakono limatithandizanso kudziwa za kusiyana pakati pa "kugwira khungu" (monga ngati kamba ikuyenda ndikudyetsa mwendo wako ndi mchira wake) ndi "kukhudza kwambiri" (monga kugwirana chanza kapena kupweteka minofu ). Kukhudza kuwala (kuphatikizapo zojambula zina) kumatha kumveketsa kapena kukhumudwitsa, pamene kukhudza kwakukulu kumakhala kochepetsetsa kapena kukonza. Izi ndizowona pazomwe zimapangidwira khungu komanso pakamwa (monga kudya zakudya zosiyana). Koyankhula, kachipangizo kameneka kamalola ana kuti adziwe ngati pizza ndi yotentha kwambiri kapena zokometsera, amalekerera mano kapena tsitsi, sankhani bere kapena tchire lomwe amamva kuti ndilo "lofewa" kapena kuti lifike pamunsi mwa chikwama chawo kupeza zomwe akusowa popanda kuyang'ana.
4. Masomphenya
Mchitidwewu uli ndi udindo wa lingaliro lathu la masomphenya, koma ndi zochuluka kwambiri kuposa kungoona bwinobwino! Maluso omvetsetsa omveka amalola ife kuzindikira zofanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa zinthu, ndi kuyang'ana pa zomwe timafunikira kuona ndi kusalabadira zomwe sitichita. Maluso apakompyuta amathandizira kuti tiwone zinthu zowonongeka ndikusuntha manja athu ndi thupi lathu pakufunikira, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi. Maluso owonetsa komanso zamagetsi amatha kugwiritsira ntchito luso lodziletsa maso (lotchedwa luso la oculomotor) kuti aganizire ndi kuwonekera moyenera ndi zomwe zikuchitika pa malo owonetsera. Kuyankhula moyenera, mawonekedwewa amawathandiza ana kupeza zidutswa zofunikira polemba mapepala, kuweruza komwe akufunikira kuponyera mpira, kupeza bwenzi pa malo ochitira masewera otanganidwa, kutsatira pamene akuwerenga kapena kutsiriza pepala, pepala, ndi lembani makalata awo pamzere ndi kukula kokwanira.
5. Ndondomeko ya Auditory
Ndondomekoyi imapangitsa kuti timvetsetse, komanso, ndizo zambiri kuposa kungomva! Ndondomeko yathu yogwirira ntchito ikugwira ntchito ndi ubongo wathu kuti tiwone kuti ndi zinthu ziti zofunika komanso zomwe zingathe "kutulukira". Ayeneranso kugwira ntchito pamodzi kuti apeze komwe kuli phokoso komanso zomwe akutanthauza kuti tikhoza kuchita mogwirizana. Ndondomeko yathu yodzitetezera imatithandizanso kuti tidziwitse zamvekedwe mwathu. Kuyankhula moyenera, dongosolo loyendetsera bwino limathandiza ana kuti adziwe ngati chinachake chiri chokweza kwambiri, kuzindikira mau ozoloŵera, kumvetsera ndi kutanthauzira molondola malangizo a aphunzitsi kapena a makolo, kumvetserani ngati galimoto ikubwera kwa iwo mu golosale, bwenzi lawo akuyitana kuchokera mu chipinda chokhala ndi anthu ambiri.
6. Njira Yoyamba
Ndondomekoyi imapangitsa kuti timva fungo, ndipo imakhudzanso malingaliro athu. Kumva ndipadera chifukwa mauthenga ake akutsatiridwa mwachindunji kudzera mu gawo la ubongo wathu wogwirizana ndi maganizo ndi kukumbukira maganizo, omwe amadziwika ngati limbic system. Kuyankhula mwachidule, njira yowonjezera imathandiza ana kudziwa ngati ma cookies amawotchera asanatuluke mu ng'anjo, kaya amayi awo akudya chakudya chawo, ngakhale mkaka wawo wasweka asanayambe kumwa, kapena ngati akufunikira kuvala zamadzimadzi kapena kusamba.
7. Gustatory System
Ndondomekoyi imapangitsa kuti timvetse bwino . Ndili ndi udindo wozindikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oonetsera omwe amabwera pakamwa ndi m'lime. Kwenikweni, chizoloŵezicho chimathandiza ana kuphunzira kuphunzira chakudya, komanso kusunga zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovulaza. Poyankhula, njira yowonongeka imathandiza ana kudziwa ndi kuzindikira zosiyana siyana pamene akukonda kwambiri (makeke!) Ndi zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri (broccoli) ndi zokoma.
Ngati muli ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito maluso a mwana wanu, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zimakhudza kuthekera kwake kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zina za tsiku ndi tsiku, chonde tchulani zodandaulazi ndi dokotala wamkulu wa ana anu kuti mudziwe ngati kutumiza kwa Occupational Therapy kuyesa ndi analimbikitsa. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amawongolera zovuta za ana kuti azitha kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikizapo kusewera, kudya, kugona, kuvala, kudzikonza, kusamalira ukhondo, kusamba, kuphunzira, kusonkhana komanso kutenga nawo mbali m'banja.
Zotsatira:
Ayres, AJ. Zosokoneza zokhudzana ndi chovalacho. Mu: Kugwirizana kwa Sensory ndi Mwana, Mkonzi Wachikondwerero wa 25. Chisokonezo; 2005: 61-86.
Ayres, AJ. Ndondomeko ya mitsempha mkati: Kumvetsetsa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito komanso kufunika kwa kumva. Mu: Kugwirizana kwa Sensory ndi Mwana, Mkonzi Wachikondwerero wa 25. Chisokonezo; 2005: 27-44.
Ayres, AJ. Kodi chiyanjano ndi chiyani? Chiyambi cha mfundoyi. Mu: Kugwirizana kwa Sensory ndi Mwana, Mkonzi Wachikondwerero wa 25. Chisokonezo; 2005: 3-12.
Bundy AC. Sewani mfundo ndi kuyanjana. Mu: Lane S, Murray EA, Fisher AG (Eds.). Kugwirizana Kwambiri: Mfundo ndi Kuchita . Philadelphia: FA Davis; 2002: 227-240.
Delaney T. Mavuto Osavuta Kwambiri Kuyankha Buku: Mayankho Othandiza pa Mafunso Opambana 250 Makolo Amadzifunsa . Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks; 2008.
Christie Kiley MA, OTR / L ndi wodwala ntchito, yemwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri ndi ana omwe ali ndi maganizo ophatikizana ndi zolemala. Ali ndi ntchito yothandizira posamalitsa (kubadwa kwa 3), zochokera kuchipatala, ndi zochitika za kusukulu.