Mukhoza kumva hypoxia pamene dokotala akukambirana za matenda anu. Kodi ndi zotani zomwe hypoxia, zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro, ndi zotani zomwe zimayambitsa?
Mwachidule
Hypoxia kwenikweni amatanthawuza "mpweya wochepa," koma umatanthauzidwa ngati kusowa kwa mpweya umene umakhudza matupi a thupi. Zimasiyana ndi hypoxemia, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mpweya wosakwanira umayenda m'magazi.
Hypoxia ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha hypoxemia, mwachitsanzo, ngati mpweya wokwanira sungathe kufika pamagazi chifukwa mulibe oxygen wambiri m'magazi, kapena mwina chifukwa cha zifukwa zina.
Kuperewera kwa mpweya m'magazi kumatchedwanso "mpweya wokwanira wa oxygen." Ngati mpweya ulibe mokwanira m'thupi, umatchedwa anoxia.
Hypoxia ingakhudze thupi lonse (genericia), kapena chiwalo kapena malo a thupi (minofu hypoxia). Zingathenso kuwonetsedwa ngati zovuta kapena zosasintha, ndikutanthauzira kwachidziwitso mofulumira, komanso kutanthauza kuti hypoxia yakhala ikuyenda kwa nthawi ndithu.
Mitundu
Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hypoxia kapena zifukwa kuti mpweya ulibe mokwanira m'thupi la thupi. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Hypoxic hypoxia (hypoxia hypoxia): Mu mtundu wotere wa hypoxia, matendawa alibe oxygen yokwanira chifukwa mulibe oxygen m'magazi omwe akuyenda mpaka kumatenda. Hypoxic hypoxia ikhoza kuyambitsa kupuma mokwanira komanso zifukwa zina.
- Hyperxia ya Anemic: Pakadwala magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi kumapangitsa kuti magazi asachepetse kutengera mpweya womwe umapuma, ndipo motero mpweya wochuluka umatha kupezeka m'matumbo. Matenda a m'thupi angayambenso chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri.
- Kuchuluka kwa hypoxia (hypoxia yozungulira): Mtundu uwu wa hypoxia umayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wosachepera ukhale wosakwanira.
- Histiotoxic hypoxia: Ndi hypotiia histiotoxic, mpweya wochuluka wokwanira umaphatikizidwa kudzera m'mapapu ndipo amaperekedwa ku matenda, koma matendawa sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya womwe ulipo.
- Mankhwala a hypoxia: Mankhwala a hypoxia amapezeka pamene pali chofunika kwambiri cha mpweya ndi matenda kuposa nthawi zonse. Oxygen ikhoza kutengeka, kuyendetsedwa, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi tizirombo, koma chifukwa cha vuto limene limayambitsa kagayidwe kameneka, sikali kokwanira. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi sepsis (matenda aakulu komanso oopsa).
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za hypoxia zimasiyana pakati pa anthu osiyana, ndipo zizindikirozo zakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:
- Chizungulire kapena kutaya ( syncope )
- Kupuma pang'ono ( dyspnea )
- Kusokonezeka, kunyengerera, ndi / kapena kusowa kwa chiweruzo
- Mutu
- Kuthamanga kwa mtima mofulumira (tachycardia)
- Kuwonjezeka kwa kupuma kwa magazi (tachypnea)
- Euphoria komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino
- Kusinkhasinkha, kutentha
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi)
- Kusayanjanitsika
- Kusintha kwa maonekedwe, monga masomphenya a tunnel
- Kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi ofiira ( polycythemia ) mwa anthu omwe ali ndi hypoxia osatha
- Mbalame ya bluu imayambira pamlomo ndi pamphuno ( cyanosis)
Zotsatira
Ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi hypoxia ndi ubongo, mtima, ndi chiwindi.
Ngati hypoxia ndi yaikulu, vuto losalephereka lingayambike mkati mwa mphindi zinayi kuyambira. Coma, kugwedezeka, ndi imfa zingachitike m'mavuto aakulu. Hyxxia yosavuta, yoopsa ingayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zazikulu za thupi.
Pamene hypoxia imakhala yovuta, zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kuyenda motayirira komanso kusokonezeka. Chifukwa cha zizindikirozi, munthu yemwe ali ndi hypoxia nthawi zina amalingalira moledzeretsa kuti amwedzera mowa.
Hypoxia nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, monga kutopa, kusasamala, kuchedwa nthawi, kapena kuchepa kwa ntchito.
Zimayambitsa
N'zosadabwitsa kuti matenda a m'mapapo ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha hypoxia, koma palinso zifukwa zina zambiri.
Zina mwa zifukwa za mtundu wa hypoxia ndizo:
Zifukwa za Hypoxic Hypoxia
Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za hypoxia malingana ndi momwe zimakhalira m'mimba mwa thupi. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi zimatha kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimakhala pamtima pamtundu wopita kuchipatala monga kupita ku dera komwe kumtunda kuli pamwamba kuposa kunyumba.
- Matenda akuluakulu : FAA imalimbikitsa mpweya wochulukirapo kuti ipite maulendo opitirira mamita 10,000 ndi oposa 6,000 usiku (chifukwa masomphenya a woyendetsa ndege ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa oksijeni).
- Mavuto a mitsempha : Kusayenerera kwa mpweya m'mapapo chifukwa cha matenda monga COPD , mphumu , khansa ya m'mapapo , chibayo , matenda a chifuwa chachikulu , ndi matenda a m'magazi .
- Hypoventilation: Hypoventilation imangotanthauza "kusapuma mokwanira." Izi zikhoza kukhala "pakati" ngati ubongo suwuza mapapu kuti apume, monga pamene ali ndi vuto la kupweteka kwa magazi, chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mutu kapena kuvulazidwa pamutu, ngati zotsatira za mankhwala ululu, kapena momwe amachitira ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kungakhalenso "phokoso" chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa pandege komwe kumalepheretsa kupuma, monga choking (pamene thupi lachilendo likulowa mu trachea kapena lalikulu m'mapapo mapaipi), kumizidwa, kukhuta, kapena kumangidwa kwa mtima pamene kupuma kuima .
Zifukwa za Anemic Hypoxia
- Matenda a m'magazi amodzi: Izi zingaphatikizepo kuchepa kwa chitsulo , kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi , ndi chemotherapy .
- Kuchepa kwa magazi: Kutaya kwa magazi kumakhala koonekera, monga kuvulala komwe kunachitika pangozi, kapena kubisika chifukwa cha magazi.
- Methemoglobinemia: Methemoglobinemia, yomwe imadziwikanso monga hypoxia, ndi hemoglobin yosadziwika yomwe imasunga mpweya bwino.
- Kuopsa kwa poizoni ya monixoni: Ndi poizoni wa Carbon monoxide , hemoglobin sungakhoze kumanga mpweya.
Zifukwa za Circulatory / Stagnant Hypoxia
- Edema: Edema , kutupa kwa matenda (monga mtima wosalimba ), kungachepetse mphamvu ya mpweya mu magazi kuti ifike pamatendawa mokwanira.
- Ischemic hypoxia: Kuwonongedwa kwa magazi kumanyamula oksijeni, mofanana ndi chigoba cha mitsempha ( mtima ), chingalepheretse kutulutsa mpweya.
Zifukwa za Histiotoxic Hypoxia
- Kupha poizoni
Ayesa Dokotala Wanu May Order
Pali mayesero osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana omwe dokotala angakulamulire kuti amvetse bwino chifukwa chake mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za mpweya wotsika (tsamba lochepa la oxygen m'matumbo anu,) Ngakhale ngati mankhwala anu a hypoxia amadziwika, ma laboratory komanso masayansi omwe angapangidwe bwino Ankafika poyambitsa vuto lanu. Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ngati muli ndi hypoxia:
- Oximetry (ndi pulsi oximeter) kuyang'anira mlingo wa oksijeni m'magazi anu.
- Magetsi a m'magazi amafufuzira kuti mumayang'ana matenda anu.
- Mayesero a magazi: Mayeso a Lab omwe amachotsedwa Mya Phatikizani kuchuluka kwa magazi ( CBC ) kuti muyang'ane magazi ochepetsa magazi (magazi ochepa) kapena zizindikiro za matenda.
- EKG kuyang'ana zizindikiro zilizonse za mtima, kapena kugunda kwa mtima kosayenerera.
- X-ray kapena CT ya chifuwa chanu kufunafuna matenda a mapapo, pneumothorax, kapena matenda.
- Bronchoscopy kuyang'ana thupi lachilendo kapena chifukwa china chododometsa mumlengalenga, monga chotupa.
- CT kapena MRI ya mutu wanu kuti muyang'ane zolakwika za ubongo zomwe zingalephere kupuma ngati zotupa, magazi, kapena zikwapu.
- Echocardiogram kuti muwone kuyendayenda kwa mtima ndikuyang'ana kuwonongeka kapena zolakwika m'mitima yamtima kapena yamtima.
Kuchiza
Chithandizo cha hypoxia chidzadalira chifukwa chomwe chimayambitsa. Monga tanenera kale, pali zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ndi njira zomwe zimakhudza zikhalidwe, pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana. "chiwalo chotsiriza" mawonetseredwe nthawi zambiri amasiyana.
Pamene inu ndi dokotala mukugwira ntchito limodzi kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli, akhoza kukupatsani chithandizo cha oxygen ngati mutapuma mpweya kapena muli ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hypoxia ikhale yovuta kapena yolimba. Ngati zizindikiro zanu zili zovuta, mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya ungakhale wofunikira.
Nthawi zina mankhwala ophera okosijeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala oopsa a hypoxia. Kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wa oxygen woperekedwa molimbika nthawi zina kungapangitse minofu yowonjezera m'njira yomwe sizingatheke.
> Chitsime:
Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, ndi Stephen L .. Hauser. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. New York: maphunziro a Mc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.