Imfa Ndi Zofunikira za Neurologic
Munthu akafa, amafa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "imfa ya mtima." Imfa yamtundu umenewu imapezeka pamene mtima sumawombera kuti upereke magazi ku thupi ndi ubongo, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa. Ambiri mwafa, pafupifupi 99%, ndi imfa zakufa. Komabe, pali mtundu wina wa imfa, umene umatchedwa ubongo imfa. Osachepera 1 peresenti ya anthu onse amayamba kutchulidwa kuti ubongo wamwalira.
Imfa ya ubongo ndi kupeza ndi lamulo la imfa. Lingaliro la imfa ya ubongo lingakhale losokoneza kwambiri chifukwa mtima wa munthu ukugunda ndipo chifuwa chawo chidzakwera ndi kugwa ndi mpweya uliwonse kuchokera ku mpweya wabwino. Khungu ndi lotentha ndipo munthuyo angamawone ngati akupumula bwino, osati odwala kwambiri komanso opanda ubongo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuwonongeka kwa thupi kwenikweni kumabisika mu ubongo, osati kuwonetsetsa thupi.
Makina a ubongo samabwereranso bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ubongo ukhale wovuta kuchira. Ngati ubongo uli ndi njala ya mpweya wokwanira nthawi yaitali kuti maselo a ubongo afe, sangalowe m'malo. Ngati kuwonongeka kokwanira kumapewa kuti ubongo usalandire magazi ndi mpweya, ndipo ubongo umakhala wopanda oxygen kwa nthawi yaitali, imfa ya ubongo ikhoza kuchitika.
Kulengeza Ubongo Waumfa
Imfa imfa imatanthauza kuti dokotala woyenerera, yemwe ndi katswiri wamagulu, anafufuza mwakachetechete wodwalayo ndipo anapeza kuti wodwala amakumana ndi zifukwa za imfa.
Pamaso pa ubongo imfa imatchulidwa, zizindikiro zitatu zachipatala ziyenera kukumana:
- Kusamvera
- Kusakhala ndi malingaliro
- Apnea (osakhoza kupuma popanda mpweya wabwino)
Kuyesedwa kwa Imfa ya Ubongo
Kuyesedwa kwa ubongo kumabungwe atatu:
- Kufufuza mwakuthupi
- Kuyeza kwa Apnea
- Kuyesedwa kwina, komwe kumatchedwanso kuti kuyesa kwachilendo
Kusanthula thupi
Kufufuza kwathupi kumachitika kuti mudziwe ngati wodwalayo akumvera. Ngati sali, kuyesa kwa thupi kudzayang'ana zovuta. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi ubongo wakufa sangakhale ndi malingaliro aliwonse a ubongo. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wodwalayo angamveke kapena kusuntha mutu ngati wina atagwira diso ndi thonje. Wodwala wodwala ubongo sagwedezeka ngati dokotala akukhudza diso ndi thonje. Choncho, ngati palibe kuphwanyika, izo zikutanthauza kuti ubongo wa ubongo sukugwira bwino ntchito.
Kuyezetsa kwa mtundu wina ndi caloric yozizira. Mayesowa amachitika pogwiritsira ntchito sitiroti ya madzi ozizira ozizira ndi kuwajoza m'makutu. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi ubongo wakufa sangachitepo kanthu kwa mtundu woterewu, munthu yemwe ali ndi ubongo amakhala ndi mayankhidwe, omwe amatha kuchoka kumaso kupita ku kusanza. Mayendedwe ozizira a caloric sayenera kuchitidwa pa munthu yemwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi ubongo wogwira ntchito monga kusanza kwa projectile ndizo zotsatira zake.
Kuyesedwa kwa Apnea
Wodwala yemwe akudwala mokwanira kuti ayesedwe ku ubongo adzakhala pa mpweya wabwino . Wodwala amene alidi bongo sangathe kupuma popanda mpweya wabwino. Pofuna kuyesa kuona ngati kupuma kuli kovuta kapena kulibe, wodwalayo amachotsedwa mu mpweya wotengera pulogalamu yotchedwa apnea test.
Kawirikawiri, abG imatengedwera nthawi yomweyo isanayambe kuyesa kwa apnea, pamene wodwala amachotsedwa pa mpweya wabwino. Oxygen angaperekedwe kwa wodwalayo panthawi ya kuyesedwa kwa apnea, koma mpweya wabwino sungathandize wodwala kupumira.
Mmodzi wodwala ubongo sangathe kupuma panthawi yoyezetsa magazi. Wodwala wodwalayo amayesa kupuma pamene ubongo umauza thupi kuti ndilofunika. Kwa odwala ubongo, ubongo sungakhoze kutumiza chizindikiro kuti mupume ndi kupuma sikuchitika popanda chithandizo cha mpweya.
Kuyesedwa kwa Imfa ya Ubongo
Pambuyo pomaliza kukambirana, dokotala angasankhe kupanga zoyezetsa zina.
Ngakhale kuti zonsezi zimayesedwa komanso kuyesedwa kwa apnea kumachitika, nthawi zina wodwala sangathe kulekerera kuyeza kwa apnea. Kawirikawiri, pazochitikazi, kuphunzira kumayenda kudzachitika. Maphunzirowa apangidwa kuti aone ngati magazi akupita ku ubongo kudzera m'magazi. Ngati phunziroli likusonyeza kuti palibe magazi omwe akufika mu ubongo, mayeserowa amakhala ogwirizana ndi ubongo.
Madokotala ena amagwiritsa ntchito EEG, kapena electroencephalogram, yomwe ndi mayeso omwe amayendera mafunde a ubongo. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi ubongo wakufa adzakhala ndi "EEG" yopanda pake, monga mafunde a ubongo sadzakhalapo.
Ubongo Imfa Kulengeza
Pamene wodwala amatchulidwa kuti ali wakufa, amagwidwa mwalamulo. Kalata yawo ya imfa idzawonetsera tsiku limene imfa ya ubongo inatchulidwa, osati pamene mitima yawo ikuima panthawi ina. Ku United States, ngati wodwala amatchulidwa kuti wafa ndi ubongo ndipo wodwala amakumana ndi zifukwa zina zamankhwala, zopereka za bungwe zingakhale zosankha. Nthawi zambiri, munthuyo wasankha kale kupereka zopereka ndipo wasonyeza zosankha zawo pa layisensi yawo yoyendetsa galimoto kapena mwa kufuna kwawo.
Zotsatira:
Gwiritsani ntchito Parameters: Kuzindikira Ubongo Imfa Mwa Anthu Ambiri. American Academy of Neurology. http://www.aan.com/professionals/practice/guidelines/pda/Brain_death_adults.pdf