Imfa ya ubongo ndi imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri zomwe katswiri wa sayansi angayambe. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya coma, matenda a ubongo amatanthauza kuti palibe kubwerera. Mwamwayi, imfa ya ubongo ndi imfa.
Ngati matendawa athandizidwa bwino, zingatheke pokhapokha atatsimikizira kuti wodwalayo ali ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino komanso chosadziwika, komanso kuti zofufuza zina sizingatheke, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro za ubongo komanso kuyesayesa kulikonse panthawi ya kuyesedwa kwa apnea .
Kuyeza kwa apnea kumapatsa odwala oxygen koma kumachotsa mpweya kuti mpweya wa carbon dioxide ukhale womangika, zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma. Palibe zifukwa zomveka zodziwira kuti imfa ya ubongo imakhala yosamalidwa bwino pomwe wodwalayo amachira bwino.
Komabe, nthawi zina kukwaniritsa ziyeneretso za ubongo zimatheka. Mwachitsanzo, mukumva koopsa kwa nkhope, sikutheka kuti muyesetse kudzifufuza mozama za mitsempha yambiri. Odwala ena, sitingathe kuchita mayeso a apnea, mwina chifukwa chakuti wodwalayo sakhala wotsimikizika kwambiri kapena chifukwa chakuti amatha kulekerera carbon dioxide, monga momwe akuwonera odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kapena obvutika kwambiri. Pazochitikazi, kuyesedwa kwina kukuyitanidwa.
Kuwonjezera apo, chifukwa chakuti matenda a ubongo ndi oopsa kwambiri, mabanja ambiri amasankha kuti ayesedwe mwamsanga asanapange chisankho choletsa kutsegula mpweya kapena kulingalira zopereka zagulu.
Electroencephalography (EEG)
EEG imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa ntchito zamagetsi mu ubongo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati dokotala akudandaula kuti wina wagwidwa kapena khunyu. Mu ubongo imfa, m'malo moyang'ana ntchito yosadziwika, EEG ikuyang'ana mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito. Zochita zina zamagetsi zingayeseke kukhalapo, koma izi zikuyimira zokhazokha chifukwa cha zizindikiro kuchokera ku zipangizo zoyandikana kapena kugunda kwa mtima, ndipo siziyenera kupitirira pambali kuti zithe kukumana ndi matenda a ubongo.
Zochitika Zowonongeka za Somatosensory (SSEP)
Monga EEG, SSEs imafufuza momwe magetsi amayendera kupyolera mu thupi, kuphatikizapo ubongo. M'malo moyang'ana zochitika za ubongo zokha, SSEs zimapangitsa dongosolo la mitsempha kukhala lopweteka ndi magetsi ochepa, makamaka kwa mitsempha yamkati . Kawirikawiri, izi zimadodometsa zolembera ngati chizindikiro chimene amachipeza mu ubongo, chomwe chingakhoze kuwerengedwa ndi electrode yomwe imayikidwa pamutu wa wodwalayo. Kupezeka kwa zizindikirozi kumasonyeza kuti ubongo sungathe kulandira mauthenga awa.
Angiography
Mu ubongo wamagetsi, dye wosiyanasiyana amalowetsedwa mu ziwiya za thupi, ndipo ubongo umawoneka pa chowunika pamene wodwala akudwala X-ray. Izi zimapangitsa kuyang'anitsitsa momwe magazi akuyenderera kudzera mu thupi. Mu ubongo imfa, ziwiya za ubongo sizidzaza monga momwe zikanakhalira.
Zosintha Zosintha
Kufufuza kwa doppler kumagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a ultrasound kuti aone ngati magazi akutuluka mu ubongo. Mu ubongo wakufa, ubongo ukhoza kukulirakulira m'njira zomwe zimapangitsa kukana mitsempha ya magazi, kuchepetsa kutaya magazi. Kusintha kumeneku m'magazi kumatha kuwonetseredwa mu doppler ya transcranial.
Mayesero a Mankhwala a Nyukiliya
Mankhwala a nyukiliya amaphatikizapo jekeseni wa radioisotope mu ubongo.
Iyi isotope ndi mankhwala omwe amayenda limodzi ndi magazi. Kuwonongeka kwa isotope, kumabweretsa kutulutsa mphamvu zomwe zimapezeka ndi masensa ndi kusandulika kukhala fano lajitoli. Ngati ubongo uli wathanzi komanso wogwira ntchito, udzawoneka ngati ukuwunikira pazowonongeka pamene magazi akulowa m'magulu a ubongo. Mu kuyesedwa kwa ubongo wa ubongo, isotope yowonjezereka imatchedwa technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi ubongo wakufa, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala chizindikiro chilichonse kuchokera mu ubongo. Nthawi zina amadziwika kuti ndi "chinthu chokhalitsa chopanda pake."
Kubweretsa Zonse Kukhala Pamodzi
Njirazi ndizovomerezedwa mochuluka ngati zina, ngakhale nthawi zambiri zosafunikira, zoyesedwa pa kuyesedwa kwa ubongo.
Malamulo ena amatha kusintha kuchokera ku boma kupita ku boma komanso ngakhale kuchipatala kuchipatala. Monga mtundu uliwonse wa mayesero, mayesero ali pamwambawa ayenera kutanthauzira mosamala komanso pa nkhani ya mbiri yakale ya mankhwala. Palibe chiyeso chokwanira, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tipeze chidwi kwambiri kuti tidziwe momwe mayeserowa akuthamangidwira kuti mwayi wosasinthika wa zotsatira uchepetse.
Kufa kwa ubongo wa wokondedwa kumakhala kovuta kwa mabanja, koma kuyesedwa kwina kungathandize kutsimikiza kuti opanga zisankho akupita patsogolo ndi chidaliro chakuti akulemekeza zomwe wodwala angafune.
Zotsatira:
Eelco FM Wijdicks, MD, Ph.D., Panayiotis N. Varelas, MD, Ph.D., Gary S. Gronseth, MD David M. Greer, MD, Mauthenga otsogolera otsogolera: Kuzindikira ubongo wa anthu akuluakulu, Report of Quality Standards Subcommittee ya American Academy of Neurology, Neurology 74, June 8, 2010.
Jerome B. Posner ndi Fred Plum. Kuthamanga ndi Kutulukira kwa Posner Kufufuza ndi Kusunga. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.